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Tan BH, Kandasamy R, Mohamad SA, Thambinayagam HC. Predictors of radiation-induced changes in arteriovenous malformation patients undergoing radiosurgery: Insights from a Malaysian linear accelerator cohort. Surg Neurol Int 2024; 15:223. [PMID: 38974554 PMCID: PMC11225504 DOI: 10.25259/sni_366_2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation-induced changes (RICs) post-stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) critically influence outcomes in arteriovenous malformation (AVM) treatments. This study aimed to identify predictors of RICs, described the types and severity of RICs, and assessed their impact on patient's functional outcomes to enhance risk assessment and treatment planning for AVM patients. Methods This retrospective study analyzed 87 AVM patients who underwent SRS at Hospital Kuala Lumpur between January 2015 and December 2020. RICs were identified through detailed magnetic resonance imaging evaluations, and predictive factors were determined using multiple logistic regression. Functional outcomes were assessed with the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Results Among the cohort, 40.2% developed RICs, with radiological RICs in 33.3%, symptomatic RICs in 5.7%, and permanent RICs in 1.1%. Severity categorization revealed 25.3% as Grade I, 13.8% as Grade II, and 1.1% as Grade III. Notably, higher Pollock-Flickinger scores and eloquence location were significant predictors of RIC occurrence. There was a significant improvement in functional outcomes post-SRS, with a marked decrease in non-favorable mRS scores from 8.0% pre-SRS to 1.1% post-SRS (P = 0.031). Conclusion The study identified the eloquence location and Pollock-Flickinger scores as predictors of RICs post-SRS. The significant reduction in non-favorable mRS scores post-SRS underscores the efficacy of SRS in improving patient outcomes. Their results highlighted the importance of personalized treatment planning, focusing on precise strategies to optimize patient outcomes in AVM management, reducing adverse effects while improving functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bih Huei Tan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Malaya Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Regunath Kandasamy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gleneagles Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Hari Chandra Thambinayagam
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Malaya Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
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Maroufi SF, Fallahi MS, Khorasanizadeh M, Waqas M, Sheehan JP. Radiosurgery With Prior Embolization Versus Radiosurgery Alone for Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neurosurgery 2024; 94:478-496. [PMID: 37796184 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The addition of adjuvant embolization to radiosurgery has been proposed as a means of improving treatment outcomes of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, the relative efficacy and safety of radiosurgery with adjuvant embolization vs radiosurgery alone remain uncertain. Moreover, previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have included a limited number of studies and did not consider the effects of baseline characteristics, including AVM volume, on the outcomes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of preradiosurgery embolization for intracranial AVMs with consideration to matching status between participants in each treatment group. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, up to January 2023. All studies evaluating the utilization of preradiosurgery embolization were included. RESULTS A total of 70 studies (9 matched and 71 unmatched) with a total of 12 088 patients were included. The mean age of the included patients was 32.41 years, and 48.91% of the patients were female. Preradiosurgery embolization was used for larger AVMs and patients with previous hemorrhage ( P < .01, P = .02, respectively). The obliteration rate for preradiosurgery embolization (49.44%) was lower compared with radiosurgery alone (61.42%, odds ratio = 0.56, P < .01), regardless of the matching status of the analyzed studies. Although prior embolization was associated higher rate of cyst formation ( P = .04), it lowered the odds of radiation-induced changes ( P = .04). The risks of minor and major neurological deficits, postradiosurgery hemorrhage, and mortality were comparable between groups. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that although preradiosurgery embolization is a suitable option to reduce the AVM size for future radiosurgical interventions, it may not be useful for same-sized AVMs eligible for radiosurgery. Utilization of preradiosurgery embolization in suitable lesions for radiosurgery may result in the added cost and burden of an endovascular procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Farzad Maroufi
- Neurosurgical Research Network (NRN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran , Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Fallahi
- Neurosurgical Research Network (NRN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran , Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran , Iran
| | - MirHojjat Khorasanizadeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York City , New York , USA
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo , New York , USA
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville , Virginia , USA
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Han H, Gao D, Ma L, Li R, Li Z, Zhang H, Yuan K, Wang K, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Jin W, Jin H, Meng X, Yan D, Li R, Lin F, Hao Q, Wang H, Ye X, Kang S, Pu J, Shi Z, Chao X, Lin Z, Lu J, Li Y, Zhao Y, Sun S, Chen Y, Chen X, Wang S. Long-term outcomes of microsurgery and stereotactic radiosurgery as the first-line treatment for arteriovenous malformations: a propensity score-matched analysis using nationwide multicenter prospective registry data. Int J Surg 2023; 109:3983-3992. [PMID: 37720924 PMCID: PMC10720861 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the risk and benefit profile of microsurgery (MS) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) as the first-line treatment for unruptured and ruptured arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors included AVMs underwent MS or SRS as the first-line treatment from a nationwide prospective multicenter registry in mainland China. The authors used propensity score-matched methods to balance baseline characteristics between the MS and SRS groups. The primary outcomes were long-term hemorrhagic stroke or death, and the secondary outcomes were long-term obliteration and neurological outcomes. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses with different study designs were performed to confirm the stability of our findings. RESULTS Of the 4286 consecutive AVMs in the registry from August 2011 to December 2021; 1604 patients were eligible. After matching, 244 unruptured and 442 ruptured AVMs remained for the final analysis. The mean follow-up duration was 7.0 years in the unruptured group and 6.1 years in the ruptured group. In the comparison of primary outcomes, SRS was associated with a higher risk of hemorrhagic stroke or death both in the unruptured and ruptured AVMs (unruptured: hazard ratio 4.06, 95% CI: 1.15-14.41; ruptured: hazard ratio 4.19, 95% CI: 1.58-11.15). In terms of the secondary outcomes, SRS was also observed to have a significant disadvantage in long-term obliteration [unruptured: odds ratio (OR) 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00-0.04; ruptured: OR 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05-0.15]. However, it should be noted that SRS may have advantages in preventing neurofunctional decline (unruptured: OR 0.56, 95% CI: 0.27-1.14; ruptured: OR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.23-0.76). The results of subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were consistent in trend but with slightly varied powers. CONCLUSIONS This clinical practice-based real-world study comprehensively compared MS and SRS for AVMs with long-term outcomes. MS is more effective in preventing future hemorrhage or death and achieving obliteration, while the risk of neurofunctional decline should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heze Han
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing
| | | | - Li Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing
| | - Ruinan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing
| | - Haibin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing
| | - Kexin Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Peking University
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Peking University
| | - Weitao Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Peking University
| | - Hengwei Jin
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang
| | - Debin Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Shanxi
| | - Runting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing
| | - Fa Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing
| | - Qiang Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing
| | - Xun Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing
| | - Shuai Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing
| | - Jun Pu
- First Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming
| | - Zhiyong Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
| | - Xiaofeng Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu
| | - Zhengfeng Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Qinzhou, Guangxi
| | - Junlin Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youxiang Li
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing
| | | | - Yu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing
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4
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Ilyas A, Chen CJ, Abecassis IJ, Al-Saiegh F, Ironside N, Jabbour PM, Tjoumakaris S, Gooch MR, Lee CC, Sheehan JP, Ding D. Stereotactic Radiosurgery for A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations-Eligible Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Neurosurgery 2022; 91:684-692. [PMID: 36001787 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outcomes of A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA) were controversial, and they suggested that intervention is inferior to medical management for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, several studies have shown that stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an acceptable therapy for unruptured AVMs. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that ARUBA intervention arm's SRS results are meaningfully inferior to those from similar populations reported by other studies. METHODS We performed a literature review to identify SRS studies of patients who met the eligibility criteria for ARUBA. Patient, AVM, treatment, and outcome data were extracted for statistical analysis. Regression analyses were pooled to identify factors associated with post-SRS obliteration and hemorrhage. RESULTS The study cohort included 8 studies comprising 1620 ARUBA-eligible patients who underwent SRS. At the time of AVM diagnosis, 36% of patients were asymptomatic. The mean follow-up duration was 80 months. Rates of radiologic, symptomatic, and permanent radiation-induced changes were 45%, 11%, and 2%, respectively. The obliteration rate was 68% at last follow-up. The post-SRS hemorrhage and mortality rates were 8%, and 2%, respectively. Lower Spetzler-Martin grade (odds ratios [OR] = 0.84 [0.74-0.95], P = .005), lower radiosurgery-based AVM score (OR = 0.75 [0.64-0.95], P = .011), lower Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale (OR = 0.86 [0.78-0.95], P = .003), and higher margin dose (OR = 1.13 [1.02-1.25], P = .025) were associated with obliteration. CONCLUSION SRS carries a favorable risk to benefit profile for appropriately selected ARUBA-eligible patients, particularly those with smaller volume AVMs. Our findings suggest that the results of ARUBA do not reflect the real-world safety and efficacy of SRS for unruptured AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Ilyas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ching-Jen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Isaac Josh Abecassis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Fadi Al-Saiegh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Natasha Ironside
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Pascal M Jabbour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stavropoula Tjoumakaris
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M Reid Gooch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cheng-Chia Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Dale Ding
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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5
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Gamma Knife radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev 2022; 45:1987-2004. [PMID: 35178626 PMCID: PMC9160151 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-022-01751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Gami A, Feghali J, Rapaport S, Sattari SA, Yang W, Tamargo RJ, Caplan JM, Huang J. Microsurgical resection versus stereotactic radiosurgery for low-grade intracranial arteriovenous malformations: A 27-year institutional experience. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 94:209-215. [PMID: 34863440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of microsurgery and radiosurgery in the management of low-grade (Spetzler-Martin grade 1 and 2) arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains controversial. We aimed to compare outcomes of low-grade AVMs following microsurgery and radiosurgery using a database of AVM patients presenting between 1990 and 2017. Procedure-related complications, obliteration, and functional status at last follow-up were compared between groups. Hemorrhage-free survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis with subgroup analyses by rupture status on presentation. The study involved 233 patients, of which 113 and 120 were treated with microsurgery and radiosurgery, respectively. The complication rates were statistically comparable between both treatment modalities. Mean follow-up time was 5.1 ± 5.2 years. In the complete cohort, there was no significant difference in hemorrhage-free survival between microsurgery and radiosurgery (log-rank p = 0.676, Breslow p = 0.493). When excluding procedure-related hemorrhage and partial resection, hemorrhage-free survival was significantly higher in the surgically treated cohort (log-rank = 0.094, Breslow p = 0.034). The obliteration rate was significantly higher in the surgical cohort (96% vs. 57%, p < 0.001), while functional status was similar. Microsurgery may offer superior hemorrhage-free survival in the early post-treatment period and demonstrates equivalent long-term hemorrhage control and functional outcome at 5 years compared to radiosurgery with nearly complete obliteration rates. Persistent neurologic deficits following microsurgery and symptomatic cerebral edema represent important treatment risks despite low SM grading. Appropriate patient selection even when dealing with low-grade AVMs is advised, as judicious patient selection and emphasis on technical success can minimize procedure-related hemorrhage and the incidence of subtotal resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - James Feghali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Sarah Rapaport
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Shahab Aldin Sattari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Wuyang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Rafael J Tamargo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Justin M Caplan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Judy Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.
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7
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Predictive Factors of Radiation-Induced Changes Following Single-Session Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Arteriovenous Malformations. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10102186. [PMID: 34069336 PMCID: PMC8158695 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10102186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated for possible predictors of radiation-induced changes (RICs) after gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). We identified the nidal component within AVMs to analyze the correlation between the volume of brain parenchyma within the 50% isodose line (IDL) and RICs. We retrospectively reviewed patients with AVMs who underwent a single-session of GKRS at our institution between 2007 and 2017 with at least a 2-year minimum follow-up. Follow-up magnetic resonance images were evaluated for newly developed T2 signal changes and the proportions of nidus and intervening parenchyma were quantified. A total of 180 AVM patients (98 males and 82 females) with a median age of 34 years were included in the present study. The overall obliteration rate was 67.8%. The median target volume was 3.65 cc. The median nidus and parenchyma volumes within the 50% IDL were 1.54 cc and 2.41 cc, respectively. RICs were identified in 79 of the 180 patients (43.9%). AVMs associated with previous hemorrhages showed a significant inverse correlation with RICs. In a multivariate analysis, RICs were associated with a higher proportion of brain parenchyma within the 50% IDL (hazard ratio (HR) 169.033; p < 0.001) and inversely correlated with the proportion of nidus volume within the 50% IDL (HR 0.006; p < 0.001). Our study identified that a greater proportion of brain tissue between the nidus within the 50% IDL was significantly correlated with RICs. Nidus angioarchitectural complexity and the absence of a prior hemorrhage were also associated with RICs. The identification of possible predictors of RICs could facilitate radiosurgical planning and treatment decisions as well as the planning of appropriate follow-up after GKRS; this could minimize the risk of RICs, which would be particularly beneficial for the treatment of incidentally found asymptomatic AVMs.
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8
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Hunugundmath SM, Basu S, Zade B, Maiya V, Sharma R, Bhanage A, Vatyam S. The Outcomes of Radiosurgery for Arteriovenous Malformations—Experience of a Tertiary Cancer Center from India. INDIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1724464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives This article assesses the treatment outcomes in the patients diagnosed with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated with stereotactic radiosurgery.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed 30 patients diagnosed with AVM treated between 2010 and 2018.The median age at presentation was 30 years (range: 14–60 years). The median planning target volume (PTV) was 6.8 mL (range: 0.9–54 mL). The median dose prescribed was 18 Gy (range: 16–24 Gy). Modified radiosurgery-based AVM grading score was calculated for all the patients.
Results The median follow-up of the entire cohort was 60 months (range: 24–96 months). The obliteration rates for patients followed up for 3 and 5 years were 75 and 86.1%, respectively. Age (< 35 years; p = 0.007) and PTV (< 7 mL; p = 0.04), had better obliteration rates. Three patients had hemorrhage, from the AVM after irradiation. None of them were fatal.
Conclusion Stereotactic radiosurgery is a preferred noninvasive treatment modality with acceptable morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumit Basu
- Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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9
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Shinya Y, Hasegawa H, Shin M, Kawashima M, Sugiyama T, Ishikawa O, Koizumi S, Suzuki Y, Nakatomi H, Saito N. Rotational Angiography-Based Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: Preliminary Therapeutic Outcomes of the Novel Method. Neurosurgery 2021; 89:60-69. [PMID: 33770182 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-definition vascular imaging is desirable for treatment planning in Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS; Elekta AB) for brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs). Currently, rotational angiography (RA) provides the clearest 3-dimensional visualization of niduses with high spatial resolution; however, its efficacy for GKRS has not been clarified. At our institution, RA has been integrated into GKRS (RA-GKRS) for better treatment planning and outcomes since 2015. OBJECTIVE To evaluate RA-GKRS outcomes of BAVMs and compare them with conventional GKRS (c-GKRS) outcomes. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the radiosurgical outcomes of 50 BAVMs treated with RA-GKRS compared with the 306 BAVMs treated with c-GKRS. Considering possible differences in the baseline characteristics, we also created propensity score-matched cohorts and compared the radiosurgical outcomes between them to ensure comparability. RESULTS The obliteration time was shorter in the RA-GKRS group (cumulative rate, 88% vs 65% at 4 yr [P = .001]). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis demonstrated that the RA-GKRS group (hazard ratio 2.38, 95% CI 1.58-3.60; P = .001) had a better obliteration rate. The cumulative 4-yr post-GKRS hemorrhage rates were 4.0% and 2.6% in the RA-GKRS and c-GKRS groups, respectively (P = .558). There was a trend toward early post-GKRS signal change in the RA-GKRS group compared with the c-GKRS group (cumulative rate, 38% vs 29% at 2 yr; P = .118). Those results were also confirmed in the matched cohort analyses. CONCLUSION The integration of RA into GKRS is promising and may provide earlier nidus obliteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shinya
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Hasegawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Masahiro Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Kawashima
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Sugiyama
- Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koizumi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Suzuki
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakatomi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Graffeo CS, Sahgal A, De Salles A, Fariselli L, Levivier M, Ma L, Paddick I, Regis JM, Sheehan J, Suh J, Yomo S, Pollock BE. Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Spetzler-Martin Grade I and II Arteriovenous Malformations: International Society of Stereotactic Radiosurgery (ISRS) Practice Guideline. Neurosurgery 2020; 87:442-452. [PMID: 32065836 PMCID: PMC7426190 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No guidelines have been published regarding stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the management of Spetzler-Martin grade I and II arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). OBJECTIVE To establish SRS practice guidelines for grade I-II AVMs on the basis of a systematic literature review. METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-compliant search of Medline, Embase, and Scopus, 1986-2018, for publications reporting post-SRS outcomes in ≥10 grade I-II AVMs with a follow-up of ≥24 mo. Primary endpoints were obliteration and hemorrhage; secondary outcomes included Spetzler-Martin parameters, dosimetric variables, and “excellent” outcomes (defined as total obliteration without new post-SRS deficit). RESULTS Of 447 abstracts screened, 8 were included (n = 1, level 2 evidence; n = 7, level 4 evidence), representing 1102 AVMs, of which 836 (76%) were grade II. Obliteration was achieved in 884 (80%) at a median of 37 mo; 66 hemorrhages (6%) occurred during a median follow-up of 68 mo. Total obliteration without hemorrhage was achieved in 78%. Of 836 grade II AVMs, Spetzler-Martin parameters were reported in 680: 377 were eloquent brain and 178 had deep venous drainage, totaling 555/680 (82%) high-risk SRS-treated grade II AVMs. CONCLUSION The literature regarding SRS for grade I-II AVM is low quality, limiting interpretation. Cautiously, we observed that SRS appears to be a safe, effective treatment for grade I-II AVM and may be considered a front-line treatment, particularly for lesions in deep or eloquent locations. Preceding publications may be influenced by selection bias, with favorable AVMs undergoing resection, whereas those at increased risk of complications and nonobliteration are disproportionately referred for SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Antonio De Salles
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Laura Fariselli
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milano, Unità di Radioterapia, Milan, Italy
| | - Marc Levivier
- Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ian Paddick
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Marie Regis
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jason Sheehan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - John Suh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shoji Yomo
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Aizawa Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Bruce E Pollock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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11
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Changes in treatment strategy over time for arteriovenous malformation in a Japanese high-volume center. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:404. [PMID: 33153456 PMCID: PMC7643271 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite rapid developments in devices used to treat arteriovenous malformation (AVM), a randomised trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous malformations published in 2014 recommended conservative treatment for nonhemorrhagic AVM. The purpose of the current retrospective study was to confirm how AVM treatment in Japan has changed and to assess the safety of treatment for hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic AVMs. Methods We enrolled 242 consecutive patients with AVM; each patient’s treatment was selected and performed at our hospital. The type of onset, Spetzler–Martin (S–M) grade, age, sex, selected treatment, mortality, and morbidity were compared between the first and second periods of our study. Results In patients with grade I–III AVM, the selected treatment changed between the first and second periods; however, in grade IV and V patients, the selected treatment did not change. Overall, interventions by microsurgery alone decreased (p < 0.001), the proportion of total treatments including microsurgery decreased (p = 0.005), interventions using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone increased (p = 0.009), and interventions including SRS increased (p = 0.002). Morbidity associated with intervention was 0.92% in the first period and 0% in the second period, and mortality was 0.92% in the first period and 1.67% in the second. Conclusions With the development of new devices, the selected treatment was changed in patients with S–M grade I–III AVM, but was not changed in patients with grade IV and V. The complication rate was low and did not change throughout the periods. These findings suggest that the safety of treatment depends on a full understanding of device development and the selection of proper treatment, not on hemorrhagic onset. Further treatment innovations are expected to change the treatment for grade IV and V AVMs.
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12
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Graffeo CS, Link MJ, Stafford SL, Garces YI, Foote RL, Pollock BE. More II It than Meets the Eye: Outcomes After Single-Fraction Stereotactic Radiosurgery in a Case Series of Low-Grade Arteriovenous Malformations. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2020; 18:136-144. [PMID: 31250901 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opz153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical resection is typically cited as the optimal treatment of patients with Spetzler-Martin Grade I-II arteriovenous malformation (AVM). OBJECTIVE To report our experience with single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for Spetzler-Martin Grade I-II AVM. METHODS A prospectively maintained registry was reviewed for patients with nonsyndromic Spetzler-Martin Grade I-II AVM having SRS from 1990 to 2011. Patients with <24 mo of follow-up or prior radiotherapy/SRS were excluded, resulting in a study population of 173 patients. Actuarial analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards modeling was performed with excellent outcomes (obliteration without new deficits) as the dependent variable. RESULTS Median post-SRS follow-up was 68 mo (range, 24-275). AVM obliteration was achieved in 132 (76%) after initial SRS. Eleven additional patients achieved obliteration after repeat SRS for an overall obliteration rate of 83%. The rate of obliteration was 60% at 4 yr and 78% at 8 yr. Post-SRS hemorrhage occurred in 7 patients (4%), resulting in 3 minor deficits (2%) and 1 death (<1%). Radiation-induced complications occurred in 5 patients (3%), resulting in minor deficits only. One hundred and thirty-seven patients (79%) had excellent outcomes at last follow-up. CONCLUSION SRS is a safe and effective treatment for patients with Spetzler-Martin Grade I-II AVM. Selection bias is likely a contributing factor to explain the superior outcomes generally noted in reported series of microsurgery for patients with low grade AVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Graffeo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael J Link
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Scott L Stafford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yolanda I Garces
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert L Foote
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bruce E Pollock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
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13
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Chen CJ, Ding D, Wang TR, Buell TJ, Ilyas A, Ironside N, Lee CC, Kalani MY, Park MS, Liu KC, Sheehan JP. Microsurgery Versus Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: A Matched Cohort Study. Neurosurgery 2020; 84:696-708. [PMID: 29762746 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyy174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsurgery (MS) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) remain the preferred interventions for the curative treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM), but their relative efficacy remains incompletely defined. OBJECTIVE To compare the outcomes of MS to SRS for AVMs through a retrospective, matched cohort study. METHODS We evaluated institutional databases of AVM patients who underwent MS and SRS. MS-treated patients were matched, in a 1:1 ratio based on patient and AVM characteristics, to SRS-treated patients. Statistical analyses were performed to compare outcomes data between the 2 cohorts. The primary outcome was defined as AVM obliteration without a new permanent neurological deficit. RESULTS The matched MS and SRS cohorts were each comprised of 59 patients. Both radiological (85 vs 11 mo; P < .001) and clinical (92 vs 12 mo; P < .001) follow-up were significantly longer for the SRS cohort. The primary outcome was achieved in 69% of each cohort. The MS cohort had a significantly higher obliteration rate (98% vs 72%; P = .001), but also had a significantly higher rate of new permanent deficit (31% vs 10%; P = .011). The posttreatment hemorrhage rate was significantly higher for the SRS cohort (10% for SRS vs 0% for MS; P = .027). In subgroup analyses of ruptured and unruptured AVMs, no significant differences between the primary outcomes were observed. CONCLUSION For patients with comparable AVMs, MS and SRS afford similar rates of deficit-free obliteration. Nidal obliteration is more frequently achieved with MS, but this intervention also incurs a greater risk of new permanent neurological deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Jen Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Dale Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Tony R Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Thomas J Buell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Adeel Ilyas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Natasha Ironside
- Department of Neurosurgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cheng-Chia Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Yashar Kalani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Min S Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kenneth C Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
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14
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Postoperative Management in the Neurocritical Care Unit. Neurocrit Care 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/9781107587908.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Wang A, Mandigo GK, Feldstein NA, Sisti MB, Connolly ES, Solomon RA, Lavine SD, Meyers PM. Curative treatment for low-grade arteriovenous malformations. J Neurointerv Surg 2019; 12:48-54. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2019-015115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundSpetzler-Martin (SM) grade I-II (low-grade) arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are often considered safe for microsurgery or radiosurgery. The adjunctive use of preoperative embolization to reduce surgical risk in these AVMs remains controversial.ObjectiveTo assess the safety of combined treatment of grade I-II AVMs with preoperative embolization followed by surgical resection or radiosurgery, and determine the long-term functional outcomes.MethodsWith institutional review board approval, a retrospective analysis was carried out on patients with ruptured and unruptured SM I-II AVMs between 2002 and 2017. Details of the endovascular procedures, including number of arteries supplying the AVM, number of branches embolized, embolic agent(s) used, and complications were studied. Baseline clinical and imaging characteristics were compared. Functional status using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) before and after endovascular and microsurgical treatments was compared.Results258 SM I-II AVMs (36% SM I, 64% SM II) were identified in patients with a mean age of 38 ± 17 years. 48% presented with hemorrhage, 21% with seizure, 16% with headache, 10% with no symptoms, and 5% with clinical deficits. 90 patients (68%) in the unruptured group and 74 patients (59%) in the ruptured group underwent presurgical embolization (p = 0.0013). The mean number of arteries supplying the AVM was 1.44 and 1.41 in the unruptured and ruptured groups, respectively (p = 0.75). The mean number of arteries embolized was 2.51 in the unruptured group and 1.82 in the ruptured group (p = 0.003). n-Butyl cyanoacrylate and Onyx were the two most commonly used embolic agents. Four complications were seen in four patients (4/164 patients embolized): two peri-/postprocedural hemorrhage, one dissection, and one infarct. All patients undergoing surgery had a complete cure on postoperative angiography. Patients were followed up for a mean of 55 months. Good long-term outcomes (mRS score ≤ 2) were seen in 92.5% of patients with unruptured AVMs and 88.0% of those with ruptured AVMs. Permanent neurological morbidity occurred in 1.2%.ConclusionsCurative treatment of SM I-II AVMs can be performed using endovascular embolization with microsurgical resection or radiosurgery in selected cases, with very low morbidity and high cure rates. Compared with other published series, these outcomes suggest that preoperative embolization is a safe and effective adjunct to definitive surgical treatment. Long-term follow-up showed that patients with low-grade AVMs undergoing surgical resection or radiosurgery have good functional outcomes.
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16
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Baharvahdat H, Blanc R, Fahed R, Smajda S, Ciccio G, Desilles JP, Redjem H, Escalard S, Mazighi M, Chauvet D, Robert T, Sasannejad P, Piotin M. Endovascular Treatment for Low-Grade (Spetzler-Martin I-II) Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:668-672. [PMID: 30792251 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Surgical resection is usually considered as the first-line curative strategy for low-grade (Spetzler-Martin grade I-II) brain arteriovenous malformations because it has a high cure rate and low complications. The role of endovascular treatment remains to be clarified in this indication, especially after A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Our objective was to assess the safety and efficacy of first-line endovascular treatment in low-grade brain arteriovenous malformation management at our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with low-grade brain arteriovenous malformations treated primarily with embolization in our department between January 2005 and December 2015 were retrieved from our prospectively collected registry. The primary outcome was the brain arteriovenous malformation obliteration rate, and secondary outcomes were disability or death secondary to brain arteriovenous malformation embolization assessed through modification of the modified Rankin Scale. RESULTS Two hundred twenty-four patients completed endovascular treatment during the study period and represent our study population. Complete exclusion of brain arteriovenous malformations was achieved in 205 patients (92%), including 62.1% of brain arteriovenous malformation exclusions after a single endovascular treatment session. One patient died of a hemorrhagic complication after endovascular treatment, leading to a mortality rate of 0.4%. Twelve patients (5%) kept a permanent neurologic deficit secondary to a complication of the endovascular treatment. An overall good outcome (mRS 0-2) was reported in 179 patients (80%). CONCLUSIONS Endovascular treatment might be a suitable alternative to surgical resection for complete exclusion of selected low-grade brain arteriovenous malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Baharvahdat
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (H.B., R.B., R.F., S.S., G.C., J.-P.D, H.R., S.E., M.M., P.S., M.P.)
| | - R Blanc
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (H.B., R.B., R.F., S.S., G.C., J.-P.D, H.R., S.E., M.M., P.S., M.P.)
| | - R Fahed
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (H.B., R.B., R.F., S.S., G.C., J.-P.D, H.R., S.E., M.M., P.S., M.P.)
| | - S Smajda
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (H.B., R.B., R.F., S.S., G.C., J.-P.D, H.R., S.E., M.M., P.S., M.P.)
| | - G Ciccio
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (H.B., R.B., R.F., S.S., G.C., J.-P.D, H.R., S.E., M.M., P.S., M.P.)
| | - J-P Desilles
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (H.B., R.B., R.F., S.S., G.C., J.-P.D, H.R., S.E., M.M., P.S., M.P.)
| | - H Redjem
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (H.B., R.B., R.F., S.S., G.C., J.-P.D, H.R., S.E., M.M., P.S., M.P.)
| | - S Escalard
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (H.B., R.B., R.F., S.S., G.C., J.-P.D, H.R., S.E., M.M., P.S., M.P.)
| | - M Mazighi
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (H.B., R.B., R.F., S.S., G.C., J.-P.D, H.R., S.E., M.M., P.S., M.P.)
| | - D Chauvet
- Neurosurgical Department (D.C.), Rothschild Foundation, Paris, France
| | - T Robert
- Neurosurgical Department (T.R.), Ente-Ospedaliero-Cantonale Ospedale Civico di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - P Sasannejad
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (H.B., R.B., R.F., S.S., G.C., J.-P.D, H.R., S.E., M.M., P.S., M.P.)
| | - M Piotin
- From the Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (H.B., R.B., R.F., S.S., G.C., J.-P.D, H.R., S.E., M.M., P.S., M.P.)
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17
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Iosif C, de Lucena AF, Abreu-Mattos LG, Ala VHE, El-Ghanam A, Saleme S, Caire F, Mounayer C. Curative endovascular treatment for low-grade Spetzler-Martin brain arteriovenous malformations: a single-center prospective study. J Neurointerv Surg 2019; 11:699-705. [PMID: 30602485 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-014390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of low grade Spetzler-Martin (SM) brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has been debated in unruptured cases. Nevertheless, in clinical practice there are cases where treatment is preferred; in these cases a very low complication rate is mandatory. In ruptured cases, early and complete obliteration of the nidus is the preferred strategy. OBJECTIVE To achieve curative embolization, ideally in a single session, by dual microcatheterization techniques with arterial and/or venous access, according to the angioarchitecture. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a prospective, single-center study carried out between January 2008 and January 2016. Patients with ruptured and unruptured brain AVMs, with SM grades I and II, treated by endovascular means, were included. Demographics, clinical presentation, angioarchitecture, and procedure-related complications were analyzed. Angiographic and clinical results were reported. RESULTS Seventy-three patients, aged 40.5±17.8 years, were included. More than 60% of the patients presented with ruptured AVMs. Initial SM grades were I for 22% and II for 78% of the patients. Preprocedural modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was 0-2 for 53 (72.6%), 3 for 12 (16.4%), 4 for 5 (6.8%) and 5 for 3 (4.1%) patients. Procedure-related morbidity was 2.7% and procedure-related mortality was 0%. Ninety percent (90.5%) of the patients were independent in their everyday lives (mRS score 0-2) at 6 months. In all but one case (95%) the embolization was curative. CONCLUSION Stand-alone endovascular treatment for SM grade I and II brain AVMs seems safe and effective, allowing for complete obliteration of the nidus, with low complication rates. A study of larger cohorts is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Iosif
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, "Dupuytren" University Hospital, Limoges, France.,Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Erasmus University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adson Freitas de Lucena
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, "Dupuytren" University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | | | | | - Amin El-Ghanam
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, "Dupuytren" University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Suzana Saleme
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, "Dupuytren" University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Francois Caire
- Department of Neurosurgery, "Dupuytren" University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Charbel Mounayer
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, "Dupuytren" University Hospital, Limoges, France
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18
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Ding D, Ilyas A, Sheehan JP. Contemporary Management of High-Grade Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Neurosurgery 2018; 65:24-33. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyy107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dale Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Adeel Ilyas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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19
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Modern radiosurgical and endovascular classification schemes for brain arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurg Rev 2018; 43:49-58. [PMID: 29728873 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-018-0983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and endovascular techniques are commonly used for treating brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs). They are usually used as ancillary techniques to microsurgery but may also be used as solitary treatment options. Careful patient selection requires a clear estimate of the treatment efficacy and complication rates for the individual patient. As such, classification schemes are an essential part of patient selection paradigm for each treatment modality. While the Spetzler-Martin grading system and its subsequent modifications are commonly used for microsurgical outcome prediction for bAVMs, the same system(s) may not be easily applicable to SRS and endovascular therapy. Several radiosurgical- and endovascular-based grading scales have been proposed for bAVMs. However, a comprehensive review of these systems including a discussion on their relative advantages and disadvantages is missing. This paper is dedicated to modern classification schemes designed for SRS and endovascular techniques.
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20
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Ye Z, Ai X, You C. Letter to the Editor. Volume-staged vs dose-staged SRS for large brain AVMs. J Neurosurg 2018; 129:262-265. [PMID: 29726773 DOI: 10.3171/2017.11.jns172921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Russell D, Peck T, Ding D, Chen CJ, Taylor DG, Starke RM, Lee CC, Sheehan JP. Stereotactic radiosurgery alone or combined with embolization for brain arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg 2018; 128:1338-1348. [DOI: 10.3171/2016.11.jns162382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEEmbolization of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) prior to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been reported to negatively affect obliteration rates. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the outcomes of AVMs treated with embolization plus SRS (E+SRS group) and those of AVMs treated with SRS alone (SRS group).METHODSA literature review was performed using PubMed to identify studies with 10 or more AVM patients and obliteration data for both E+SRS and SRS groups. A meta-analysis was performed to compare obliteration rates between the E+SRS and SRS groups.RESULTSTwelve articles comprising 1716 patients were eligible for analysis. Among the patients with radiological follow-up data, complete obliteration was achieved in 48.4% of patients (330/681) in the E+SRS group compared with 62.7% of patients (613/978) in the SRS group. A meta-analysis of the pooled data revealed that the obliteration rate was significantly lower in the E+SRS group (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.41–0.64, p < 0.00001). Symptomatic adverse radiation effects were observed in 6.6% (27/412 patients) and 11.1% (48/433 patients) of the E+SRS and SRS groups, respectively. The annual post-SRS hemorrhage rate was 2.0%–6.5% and 0%–2.0% for the E+SRS and SRS groups, respectively. The rates of permanent morbidity were 0%–6.7% and 0%–13.5% for the E+SRS and SRS groups, respectively.CONCLUSIONSArteriovenous malformation treatment with combined embolization and SRS is associated with lower obliteration rates than those with SRS treatment alone. However, this comparison does not fully account for differences in the initial AVM characteristics in the E+SRS group as compared with those in the SRS group. Further studies are warranted to address these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dale Ding
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ching-Jen Chen
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Davis G. Taylor
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Robert M. Starke
- 4Deparment of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida
| | - Cheng-Chia Lee
- 3Deparment of Neurological Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; and
| | - Jason P. Sheehan
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Hung AL, Yang W, Westbroek EM, Garzon-Muvdi T, Caplan JM, Braileanu M, Wang JY, Colby GP, Coon AL, Tamargo RJ, Huang J. Differences in Functional Outcome Across Subtypes with Spetzler-Martin Grade II Arteriovenous Malformations. Neurosurgery 2018; 81:441-449. [PMID: 28327955 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyw140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Spetzler-Martin grading system for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is based on size (S), eloquence (E), and deep venous drainage (V). However, variation exists due to subgroup heterogeneity. While previous studies have demonstrated variations in outcomes within grade III AVMs, no studies have focused on grade II AVM subtypes. OBJECTIVE We aim to delineate how functional outcomes differ among patients with subtypes of grade II AVMs. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients with AVMs evaluated at our institution from 1990 to 2013. Grade II AVMs were divided into 3 subtypes: group 1 (S2V0E0), group 2 (S1V0E1), and group 3 (S1V1E0). Baseline characteristics were compared, and functional status was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at pretreatment and last follow-up. Differences in mRS between the 2 time points were compared. RESULTS A total of 208 grade II patients (34.0%) were retrieved from 611 graded patients. After accounting for missing data, our cohort consisted of 137 patients. Mean age of all patients was 37.2 years, with 74 females (54.0%). No significant difference was observed across subgroups for pretreatment mRS ( P = .096), treatment modalities ( P = .943), follow-up durations ( P = .125), and mRS at last follow-up ( P = .716). In a subgroup analysis between group 1 and group 3, more patients with worsened mRS were observed in group 3 ( P = .039). This distinction was further confirmed in surgically treated patients ( P = .049), but not in patients treated with radiosurgery ( P = .863). CONCLUSION Subtypes of grade II AVMs portend different posttreatment gains in functional outcome. Group 1 (S2V0E0) patients had the best functional outcome gain from treatment, while group 3 (S1V1E0) patients fared less well, particularly with surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L Hung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wuyang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Erick M Westbroek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tomas Garzon-Muvdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Justin M Caplan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria Braileanu
- Georgetown Uni-versity Hospital/Washington Hospital Center Internal Medicine Residency Pro-gram, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Joanna Y Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Geoffrey P Colby
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexander L Coon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rafael J Tamargo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Judy Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Patibandla MR, Ding D, Kano H, Starke RM, Lee JYK, Mathieu D, Whitesell J, Pierce JT, Huang PP, Kondziolka D, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Silva D, Abbassy M, Missios S, Barnett GH, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Effect of treatment period on outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformations: an international multicenter study. J Neurosurg 2018; 130:579-588. [PMID: 29393755 DOI: 10.3171/2017.8.jns171336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of and technique for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the management of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have evolved over the past four decades. The aim of this multicenter, retrospective cohort study was to compare the SRS outcomes of AVMs treated during different time periods. METHODS The authors selected patients with AVMs who underwent single-session SRS at 8 different centers from 1988 to 2014 with follow-up ≥ 6 months. The SRS eras were categorized as early (1988-2000) or modern (2001-2014). Statistical analyses were performed to compare the baseline characteristics and outcomes of the early versus modern SRS eras. Favorable outcome was defined as AVM obliteration, no post-SRS hemorrhage, and no permanently symptomatic radiation-induced changes (RICs). RESULTS The study cohort comprised 2248 patients with AVMs, including 1584 in the early and 664 in the modern SRS eras. AVMs in the early SRS era were significantly smaller (p < 0.001 for maximum diameter and volume), and they were treated with a significantly higher radiosurgical margin dose (p < 0.001). The obliteration rate was significantly higher in the early SRS era (65% vs 51%, p < 0.001), and earlier SRS treatment period was an independent predictor of obliteration in the multivariate analysis (p < 0.001). The rates of post-SRS hemorrhage and radiological, symptomatic, and permanent RICs were not significantly different between the two groups. Favorable outcome was achieved in a significantly higher proportion of patients in the early SRS era (61% vs 45%, p < 0.001), but the earlier SRS era was not statistically significant in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.470) with favorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS Despite considerable advances in SRS technology, refinement of AVM selection, and contemporary multimodality AVM treatment, the study failed to observe substantial improvements in SRS favorable outcomes or obliteration for patients with AVMs over time. Differences in baseline AVM characteristics and SRS treatment parameters may partially account for the significantly lower obliteration rates in the modern SRS era. However, improvements in patient selection and dose planning are necessary to optimize the utility of SRS in the contemporary management of AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dale Ding
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hideyuki Kano
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert M Starke
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida
| | - John Y K Lee
- 4Gamma Knife Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Mathieu
- 5Department of Neurosurgery, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jamie Whitesell
- 4Gamma Knife Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John T Pierce
- 4Gamma Knife Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul P Huang
- 6Gamma Knife Center, New York University, New York, New York
| | | | - Caleb Feliciano
- 7Department of Neurosurgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Luis Almodovar
- 8Gamma Knife Center, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan; and
| | - Inga S Grills
- 8Gamma Knife Center, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan; and
| | - Danilo Silva
- 9Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mahmoud Abbassy
- 9Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Symeon Missios
- 9Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gene H Barnett
- 9Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - L Dade Lunsford
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Ding D, Starke RM, Kano H, Lee JYK, Mathieu D, Pierce J, Huang P, Missios S, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Silva D, Abbassy M, Kondziolka D, Barnett GH, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Radiosurgery for Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: An International Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study. Neurosurgery 2018; 80:888-898. [PMID: 28431024 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of intervention in the management of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) is controversial. OBJECTIVE To analyze in a multicenter, retrospective cohort study, the outcomes following radiosurgery for unruptured AVMs and determine predictive factors. METHODS We evaluated and pooled AVM radiosurgery data from 8 institutions participating in the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation. Patients with unruptured AVMs and ≥12 mo of follow-up were included in the study cohort. Favorable outcome was defined as AVM obliteration, no postradiosurgical hemorrhage, and no permanently symptomatic radiation-induced changes. RESULTS The unruptured AVM cohort comprised 938 patients with a median age of 35 yr. The median nidus volume was 2.4 cm 3 , 71% of AVMs were located in eloquent brain areas, and the Spetzler-Martin grade was III or higher in 57%. The median radiosurgical margin dose was 21 Gy and follow-up was 71 mo. AVM obliteration was achieved in 65%. The annual postradiosurgery hemorrhage rate was 1.4%. Symptomatic and permanent radiation-induced changes occurred in 9% and 3%, respectively. Favorable outcome was achieved in 61%. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, smaller AVM maximum diameter ( P = .001), the absence of AVM-associated arterial aneurysms ( P = .001), and higher margin dose ( P = .002) were found to be independent predictors of a favorable outcome. A margin dose ≥ 20 Gy yielded a significantly higher rate of favorable outcome (70% vs 36%; P < .001). CONCLUSION Radiosurgery affords an acceptable risk to benefit profile for patients harboring unruptured AVMs. These findings justify further prospective studies comparing radiosurgical intervention to conservative management for unruptured AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uni-versity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Robert M Starke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uni-versity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hideyuki Kano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pensylvania
| | - John Y K Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Mathieu
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Sher-brooke, Centre de recherché du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Pierce
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Symeon Missios
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foun-dation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Caleb Feliciano
- Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Luis Almodovar
- Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Inga S Grills
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Danilo Silva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foun-dation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mahmoud Abbassy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foun-dation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Douglas Kondziolka
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Gene H Barnett
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foun-dation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - L Dade Lunsford
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pensylvania
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uni-versity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Ilyas A, Chen CJ, Ding D, Taylor DG, Moosa S, Lee CC, Cohen-Inbar O, Sheehan JP. Volume-staged versus dose-staged stereotactic radiosurgery outcomes for large brain arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review. J Neurosurg 2018; 128:154-164. [PMID: 28128692 DOI: 10.3171/2016.9.jns161571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several recent studies have improved our understanding of the outcomes of volume-staged (VS) and dose-staged (DS) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of large (volume > 10 cm3) brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). In light of these recent additions to the literature, the aim of this systematic review is to provide an updated comparison of VS-SRS and DS-SRS for large AVMs. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed to identify cohorts of 5 or more patients with large AVMs who had been treated with VS-SRS or DS-SRS. Baseline data and post-SRS outcomes were extracted for analysis. RESULTS A total of 11 VS-SRS and 10 DS-SRS studies comprising 299 and 219 eligible patients, respectively, were included for analysis. The mean obliteration rates for VS-SRS and DS-SRS were 41.2% (95% CI 31.4%-50.9%) and 32.3% (95% CI 15.9%-48.8%), respectively. Based on pooled individual patient data, the outcomes for patients treated with VS-SRS were obliteration in 40.3% (110/273), symptomatic radiation-induced changes (RICs) in 13.7% (44/322), post-SRS hemorrhage in 19.5% (50/256), and death in 7.4% (24/323); whereas the outcomes for patients treated with DS-SRS were obliteration in 32.7% (72/220), symptomatic RICs in 12.2% (31/254), post-SRS hemorrhage in 10.6% (30/282), and death in 4.6% (13/281). CONCLUSIONS Volume-staged SRS appears to afford higher obliteration rates than those achieved with DS-SRS, although with a less favorable complication profile. Therefore, VS-SRS or DS-SRS may be a reasonable treatment approach for large AVMs, either as stand-alone therapy or as a component of a multimodality management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Ilyas
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Ching-Jen Chen
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Dale Ding
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Davis G Taylor
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Shayan Moosa
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Cheng-Chia Lee
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Or Cohen-Inbar
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
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26
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Pomeraniec IJ, Ding D, Starke RM, Liu KC, Mrachek EK, Lopes MB, Sheehan JP. Delayed cyst formation after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg 2017; 129:937-946. [PMID: 29192860 DOI: 10.3171/2017.6.jns17559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a commonly employed treatment modality for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, due to the low frequency of delayed cyst formation after AVM SRS, as well as the prolonged time interval between treatment and its occurrence, the characteristics of post-SRS cyst formation are not well defined. Therefore, the aims of this retrospective cohort study are to determine the rate of cyst formation after SRS for AVMs, identify predictive factors, and evaluate the clinical sequelae of post-SRS cysts. METHODS The authors analyzed an SRS database for AVM patients who underwent SRS at the University of Virginia and identified those who developed post-SRS cysts. Statistical analyses were performed to determine predictors of post-SRS cyst formation and the effect of cyst formation on new or worsening seizures after SRS. RESULTS The study cohort comprised 1159 AVM patients treated with SRS; cyst formation occurred in 17 patients (post-SRS cyst rate of 1.5%). Compared with patients who did not develop post-SRS cysts, those with cyst formation were treated with a greater number of radiosurgical isocenters (mean 3.8 vs 2.8, p = 0.047), had a longer follow-up (mean 132 vs 71 months, p < 0.001), were more likely to develop radiological radiation-induced changes (RIC) (64.7% vs 36.1%, p = 0.021), and had a longer duration of RIC (57 vs 21 months, p < 0.001). A higher number of isocenters (p = 0.014), radiological RIC (p = 0.002), and longer follow-up (p = 0.034) were found to be independent predictors of post-SRS cyst formation in the multivariate analysis. There was a trend toward a significant association between cyst formation and new or worsening seizures in univariate analysis (p = 0.054). CONCLUSIONS Patients with greater nidal complexity appear to be more prone to post-SRS cyst formation. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of long-term follow-up for patients who have undergone AVM SRS, even after nidal obliteration is achieved. Post-SRS cysts may be epileptogenic, although seizure outcomes after AVM SRS are multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert M Starke
- 5Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, Jackson Memorial Hospital and University of Miami Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | | | - E Kelly Mrachek
- 4Neuropathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - M Beatriz Lopes
- 4Neuropathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
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27
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Ilyas A, Chen CJ, Ding D, Buell TJ, Raper DMS, Lee CC, Xu Z, Sheehan JP. Radiation-Induced Changes After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neurosurgery 2017; 83:365-376. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Ilyas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ching-Jen Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Dale Ding
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurologic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Thomas J Buell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Daniel M S Raper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Cheng-Chia Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
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28
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Patibandla MR, Ding D, Kano H, Xu Z, Lee JYK, Mathieu D, Whitesell J, Pierce JT, Huang PP, Kondziolka D, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Silva D, Abbassy M, Missios S, Barnett GH, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Stereotactic radiosurgery for Spetzler-Martin Grade IV and V arteriovenous malformations: an international multicenter study. J Neurosurg 2017; 129:498-507. [PMID: 28885118 DOI: 10.3171/2017.3.jns162635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to the complexity of Spetzler-Martin (SM) Grade IV-V arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), the management of these lesions remains controversial. The aims of this multicenter, retrospective cohort study were to evaluate the outcomes after single-session stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for SM Grade IV-V AVMs and determine predictive factors. METHODS The authors retrospectively pooled data from 233 patients (mean age 33 years) with SM Grade IV (94.4%) or V AVMs (5.6%) treated with single-session SRS at 8 participating centers in the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation. Pre-SRS embolization was performed in 71 AVMs (30.5%). The mean nidus volume, SRS margin dose, and follow-up duration were 9.7 cm3, 17.3 Gy, and 84.5 months, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed to identify factors associated with post-SRS outcomes. RESULTS At a mean follow-up interval of 84.5 months, favorable outcome was defined as AVM obliteration, no post-SRS hemorrhage, and no permanently symptomatic radiation-induced changes (RIC) and was achieved in 26.2% of patients. The actuarial obliteration rates at 3, 7, 10, and 12 years were 15%, 34%, 37%, and 42%, respectively. The annual post-SRS hemorrhage rate was 3.0%. Symptomatic and permanent RIC occurred in 10.7% and 4% of the patients, respectively. Only larger AVM diameter (p = 0.04) was found to be an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. The rate of favorable outcome was significantly lower for unruptured SM Grade IV-V AVMs compared with ruptured ones (p = 0.042). Prior embolization was a negative independent predictor of AVM obliteration (p = 0.024) and radiologically evident RIC (p = 0.05) in the respective multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS In this multi-institutional study, single-session SRS had limited efficacy in the management of SM Grade IV-V AVMs. Favorable outcome was only achieved in a minority of unruptured SM Grade IV-V AVMs, which supports less frequent utilization of SRS for the management of these lesions. A volume-staged SRS approach for large AVMs represents an alternative approach for high-grade AVMs, but it requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dale Ding
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hideyuki Kano
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - John Y K Lee
- 3Gamma Knife Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Mathieu
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jamie Whitesell
- 3Gamma Knife Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John T Pierce
- 3Gamma Knife Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul P Huang
- 5Gamma Knife Center, New York University, New York, New York
| | | | - Caleb Feliciano
- 6Department of Neurosurgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Luis Almodovar
- 7Gamma Knife Center, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan; and
| | - Inga S Grills
- 7Gamma Knife Center, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan; and
| | - Danilo Silva
- 8Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mahmoud Abbassy
- 8Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Symeon Missios
- 8Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gene H Barnett
- 8Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Jason P Sheehan
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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29
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Ding D, Starke RM, Kano H, Mathieu D, Huang PP, Kondziolka D, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Silva D, Abbassy M, Missios S, Barnett GH, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Stereotactic Radiosurgery for ARUBA (A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations)–Eligible Spetzler-Martin Grade I and II Arteriovenous Malformations: A Multicenter Study. World Neurosurg 2017; 102:507-517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Aboukaïs R, Quidet M, Baroncini M, Bourgeois P, Leclerc X, Vinchon M, Lejeune JP. Grade 1 Spetzler and Martin cerebral ruptured arteriovenous malformations treated by microsurgery: Poor functional outcome is related to injury from haemorrhage. Neurochirurgie 2017; 63:69-73. [PMID: 28502562 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ruptured arteriovenous malformations (rAVM) are life-threatening diseases. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the outcome of patients with grade 1 SPM rAVM after microsurgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHOD We retrospectively included 64 consecutive operated patients with a grade 1 SPM rAVM in our institution between 2002 and 2012. Complications related to the surgical procedure were recorded. All patients were re-evaluated 3months after treatment using the modified Rankin Scale score (mRS). Persistent neurological disorders were evaluated 1year after bleeding. Conventional cerebral angiography was performed for each patient immediately after surgical treatment and 1year later. RESULTS The mean age at diagnosis was 30.8 years. Initial WFNS score was grade 1 in 25 patients, grade 2 in 11 patients, grade 3 in 10 patients, grade 4 in 9 patients and grade 5 in 9 patients. No remnant was left and a new surgery was performed only in a single patient who was initially operated-on under emergency conditions with limited preoperative investigations due to a poor clinical grade. Early postoperative complications related to the surgical procedure were recorded in 7 patients. The mRS score 3months after treatment was ≤2 in 53 patients (83%). Persistent neurological disorders were recorded in 40 patients (62.5%). High initial WFNS score (>2) and the hydrocephalus were significantly associated (P<0.05) to a bad functional outcome (mRS>2). CONCLUSION Grade 1 rAVM is a life-threatening disease concerning in most cases young patients. Long-term morbidity is often related to the hemorrhagic brain damage and rarely to the AVM resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Aboukaïs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lille University Hospital, rue E. Laine, 59037 Lille cedex, France.
| | - M Quidet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lille University Hospital, rue E. Laine, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - M Baroncini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lille University Hospital, rue E. Laine, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - P Bourgeois
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lille University Hospital, rue E. Laine, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - X Leclerc
- Department of Neuroradiology, Lille University Hospital, rue E. Laine, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - M Vinchon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lille University Hospital, rue E. Laine, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - J-P Lejeune
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lille University Hospital, rue E. Laine, 59037 Lille cedex, France
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31
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Ilyas A, Ding D, Robert Hixson H, Xu Z, Starke RM, Sheehan JP. Volume-staged stereotactic radiosurgery for large intracranial arteriovenous malformations. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 43:202-207. [PMID: 28495425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective treatment option for intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM). However, the treatment of large AVMs (nidus volume ≥12cm3) with single-session SRS alone yields generally poor outcomes. Volume-staged SRS (VS-SRS) is a therapeutic strategy for large AVMs which seeks to avoid the disadvantages of single-session SRS, but reports regarding its efficacy remain limited. The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to assess the outcomes of VS-SRS for large AVMs. We identified all AVM patients who underwent VS-SRS at our institution from 2000 to 2015 with ≥12months follow-up. Baseline and outcomes data were analyzed. A total of 12 patients were selected for the study cohort, with a median age of 30years. The median maximum AVM diameter and nidus volume were 4.3cm and 13.6cm3, respectively. The Spetzler-Martin grade was III and IV each in six AVMs (50%). All patients underwent VS-SRS in two stages, and the median margin dose was 17Gy for both VS-SRS procedures. The median time interval between the two procedures was three months. After a median radiologic follow-up duration of 39months, the median degree of AVM volume reduction (evaluable in nine patients) was 87% (range 12-99%). The rates of radiologically evident, symptomatic, and permanent radiation-induced changes were 58%, 25%, and 8%, respectively. There were no cases of post-SRS hemorrhage. VS-SRS substantially reduces the size of large AVMs. A potential role for VS-SRS may be to facilitate subsequent definitive intervention to obliterate a shrunken, residual nidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Ilyas
- University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Dale Ding
- University of Virginia, Department of Neurosurgery, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - H Robert Hixson
- University of Virginia, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- University of Virginia, Department of Neurosurgery, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Robert M Starke
- University of Virginia, Department of Neurosurgery, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; University of Miami, Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- University of Virginia, Department of Neurosurgery, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States.
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32
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Yang W, Porras JL, Xu R, Braileanu M, Khalid S, Hung AL, Caplan JM, Garzon-Muvdi T, Rong X, Colby GP, Coon AL, Tamargo RJ, Huang J. Comparison of Hemorrhagic Risk in Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations Between Conservative Management and Embolization as the Single Treatment Modality. Neurosurgery 2017; 82:481-490. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Embolization has been discussed as a feasible single modality treatment for intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).
OBJECTIVE
To compare hemorrhagic risk between embolization and conservative management in a multivariate survival analysis.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed records of patients with intracranial AVMs evaluated at our institution from 1990 to 2013. We included patients recommended to undergo embolization without other treatment modalities and patients managed conservatively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis of hemorrhage-free survival was performed, with the survival interval right-censored to date of either last follow-up or salvage treatment.
RESULTS
We identified 205 patients matching our inclusion criteria, with 160 patients in the noninterventional group and 45 in the embolization group. The average age of all patients was 40.2 ± 19.5 yr, with younger patients undergoing embolization more often (P = .026). Fifty-one (31.9%) conservatively managed patients and 13 (28.9%) patients treated by embolization (P = .703) presented with hemorrhage. Other baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 management groups. During an average follow-up period of 7.7 yr, 30 patients (14.6%) experienced hemorrhage recurrence. Multivariate Cox regression revealed older age (P = .031) and hemorrhagic presentation (P < .001) to be statistically associated with follow-up hemorrhage. In a subset analysis of unruptured AVMs, embolization was associated with a 4-fold hazard ratio of hemorrhage compared to conservative management (P = .044).
CONCLUSION
Older age and initial presentation with hemorrhage were associated with increased risk of hemorrhage during follow-up. Treatment of AVMs with embolization as the sole modality may increase hemorrhagic risk compared with conservative management, especially in unruptured AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jose L Porras
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Risheng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria Braileanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital/MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Syed Khalid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alice L Hung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Justin M Caplan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tomas Garzon-Muvdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaoming Rong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geoffrey P Colby
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexander L Coon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rafael J Tamargo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Judy Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Thenier-Villa JL, Galárraga-Campoverde RA, Martínez Rolán RM, De La Lama Zaragoza AR, Martínez Cueto P, Muñoz Garzón V, Salgado Fernández M, Conde Alonso C. Linear Accelerator Stereotactic Radiosurgery of Central Nervous System Arteriovenous Malformations: A 15-Year Analysis of Outcome-Related Factors in a Single Tertiary Center. World Neurosurg 2017; 103:291-302. [PMID: 28435119 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linear accelerator stereotactic radiosurgery is one of the modalities available for the treatment of central nervous system arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The aim of this study was to describe our 15-year experience with this technique in a single tertiary center and the analysis of outcome-related factors. METHODS From 1998 to 2013, 195 patients were treated with linear accelerator-based radiosurgery; we conducted a retrospective study collecting patient- and AVM-related variables. Treatment outcomes were obliteration, posttreatment hemorrhage, symptomatic radiation-induced changes, and 3-year neurologic status. We also analyzed prognostic factors of each outcome and predictability analysis of 5 scales: Spetzler-Martin grade, Lawton-Young supplementary and Lawton combined scores, radiosurgery-based AVM score, Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale, and Heidelberg score. RESULTS Overall obliteration rate was 81%. Nidus diameter and venous drainage were predictive of obliteration (P < 0.05), ruptured status and previous embolization were not related to rate of obliteration, and low-grade AVMs had higher obliteration rates. Posttreatment hemorrhage incidence was 8.72%; nidus diameter was the only predictor (P = 0.05). Symptomatic radiation-induced changes occurred in 11.79% of patients and were significantly associated with unruptured status (P < 0.05). Treatment success as a composite measure was obtained in 70.77% of patients. Receiver operating characteristic curves were presented for each scoring system and outcome measure; best area under the curve was 0.687 for Lawton combined score in the obliteration outcome. CONCLUSIONS In the long-term, linear accelerator-based radiosurgery is a useful, valid, effective, and safe modality for treatment of brain AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Thenier-Villa
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Complex of Vigo-Álvaro Cunqueiro Hospital, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | | | - Rosa María Martínez Rolán
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Complex of Vigo-Álvaro Cunqueiro Hospital, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Martínez Cueto
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Complex of Vigo-Álvaro Cunqueiro Hospital, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Víctor Muñoz Garzón
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Complex of Vigo-Meixoeiro Hospital, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Manuel Salgado Fernández
- Department of Radiophysics, University Hospital Complex of Vigo-Meixoeiro Hospital, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Cesáreo Conde Alonso
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Complex of Vigo-Álvaro Cunqueiro Hospital, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Ding D, Starke RM, Crowley RW, Liu KC. Surgical Approaches for Symptomatic Cerebral Cavernous Malformations of the Thalamus and Brainstem. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg 2017; 19:19-35. [PMID: 28503485 PMCID: PMC5426196 DOI: 10.7461/jcen.2017.19.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Surgical resection of thalamic and brainstem cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) is associated with significant operative morbidity, but it may be outweighed, in some cases, by the neurological damage from recurrent hemorrhage in these eloquent areas. The goals of this retrospective cohort study are to describe the technical nuances of surgical approaches and determine the postoperative outcomes for CCMs of the thalamus and brainstem. Materials and Methods We reviewed an institutional database of patients harboring thalamic or brainstem CCMs, who underwent surgical resection from 2010 to 2014. The baseline and follow-up neuroimaging and clinical findings of each patient and the operative details of each case were evaluated. Results A total of eight patients, including two with thalamic and six with brainstem CCMs, were included in the study cohort. All patients had progressive neurological deterioration from recurrent CCM hemorrhage, and the median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at presentation was 3. The median CCM maximum diameter and volume were 1.7 cm and 1.8 cm3, respectively. The thalamic CCMs were resected using the anterior transcallosal transchoroidal and supracerebellar infratentorial approaches each in one case (13%). The brainstem CCMs were resected using the retrosigmoid and suboccipital trans-cerebellomedullary fissure approaches each in three cases (38%). After a median follow-up of 11.5 months, all patients were neurologically stable or improved, with a median mRS of 2. The rate of functional independence (mRS 0-2) was 63%. Conclusion Microneurosurgical techniques and approaches can be safely and effectively employed for the management of thalamic and brainstem CCMs in appropriately selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Robert M Starke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - R Webster Crowley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth C Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Ryu B, Ishikawa T, Kawamata T. Multimodal Treatment Strategy for Spetzler-Martin Grade III Arteriovenous Malformations of the Brain. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2017; 57:73-81. [PMID: 27169498 PMCID: PMC5341343 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2016-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Spetzler–Martin (S–M) grading scale was developed to assess the risk of postoperative neurological complications after the surgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain. Treatment-associated morbidity and poor outcomes are particularly relevant to Grade III AVMs and improving the safety while attaining acceptable cure rates still poses a challenge. A multimodal treatment strategy combining surgery, embolization, and radiosurgery is recommended for S–M Grade III AVMs because of the surgical risk. Grade III AVMs are the heterogeneous group that has been further divided into subgroups according to the size, the location in eloquent cortex, and the presence of deep venous drainage. The risks associated with different treatment modalities vary depending on the subgroup, and the rating scales have been further refined to predict the risk more accurately and help determine the most appropriate treatment choice. Previous results for the treatment of S–M Grade III AVMs vary widely among studies, and the treatment modalities are also different in each study. Being familiar with previous treatment results is essential for improving treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikei Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University
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Ding D, Starke RM, Kano H, Mathieu D, Huang PP, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Silva D, Abbassy M, Missios S, Kondziolka D, Barnett GH, Dade Lunsford L, Sheehan JP. International multicenter cohort study of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations. Part 1: Predictors of hemorrhagic presentation. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2017; 19:127-135. [PMID: 27911248 DOI: 10.3171/2016.9.peds16283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are the most common cause of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in pediatric patients (age < 18 years). Since the cumulative lifetime risk of AVM hemorrhage is considerable in children, an improved understanding of the risk factors influencing hemorrhagic presentation may aid in the management of pediatric AVMs. The aims of this first of a 2-part multicenter, retrospective cohort study are to evaluate the incidence and determine the predictors of hemorrhagic presentation in pediatric AVM patients. METHODS The authors analyzed pooled AVM radiosurgery data from 7 institutions participating in the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation (IGKRF). Patients younger than 18 years at the time of radiosurgery and who had at least 12 months of follow-up were included in the study cohort. Patient and AVM characteristics were compared between unruptured and ruptured pediatric AVMs. RESULTS A total of 357 pediatric patients were eligible for analysis, including 112 patients in the unruptured and 245 patients in the ruptured AVM cohorts (69% incidence of hemorrhagic presentation). The annual hemorrhage rate prior to radiosurgery was 6.3%. Hemorrhagic presentation was significantly more common in deep locations (basal ganglia, thalamus, and brainstem) than in cortical locations (frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes) (76% vs 62%, p = 0.006). Among the factors found to be significantly associated with hemorrhagic presentation in the multivariate logistic regression analysis, deep venous drainage (OR 3.2, p < 0.001) was the strongest independent predictor, followed by female sex (OR 1.7, p = 0.042) and smaller AVM volume (OR 1.1, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Unruptured and ruptured pediatric AVMs have significantly different patient and nidal features. Pediatric AVM patients who possess 1 or more of these high-risk features may be candidates for relatively more aggressive management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Ding
- University of Virginia, Department of Neurosurgery, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Robert M Starke
- University of Miami, Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami, Florida
| | - Hideyuki Kano
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Neurological Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David Mathieu
- University of Sherbrooke, Division of Neurosurgery, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Paul P Huang
- New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, New York
| | - Caleb Feliciano
- University of Puerto Rico, Section of Neurological Surgery, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Luis Almodovar
- University of Puerto Rico, Section of Neurological Surgery, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Inga S Grills
- Beaumont Health System, Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Danilo Silva
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mahmoud Abbassy
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Symeon Missios
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Douglas Kondziolka
- New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, New York
| | - Gene H Barnett
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - L Dade Lunsford
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Neurological Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- University of Virginia, Department of Neurosurgery, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Starke RM, Ding D, Kano H, Mathieu D, Huang PP, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Silva D, Abbassy M, Missios S, Kondziolka D, Barnett GH, Dade Lunsford L, Sheehan JP. International multicenter cohort study of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations. Part 2: Outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2017; 19:136-148. [PMID: 27911249 DOI: 10.3171/2016.9.peds16284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pediatric patients (age < 18 years) harboring brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are burdened with a considerably higher cumulative lifetime risk of hemorrhage than adults. Additionally, the pediatric population was excluded from recent prospective comparisons of intervention versus conservative management for unruptured AVMs. The aims of this multicenter, retrospective cohort study are to analyze the outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery for unruptured and ruptured pediatric AVMs. METHODS We analyzed and pooled AVM radiosurgery data from 7 participating in the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation. Patients younger than 18 years of age who had at least 12 months of follow-up were included in the study cohort. Favorable outcome was defined as AVM obliteration, no post-radiosurgical hemorrhage, and no permanently symptomatic radiation-induced changes (RIC). The post-radiosurgery outcomes of unruptured versus ruptured pediatric AVMs were compared, and statistical analyses were performed to identify predictive factors. RESULTS The overall pediatric AVM cohort comprised 357 patients with a mean age of 12.6 years (range 2.8-17.9 years). AVMs were previously treated with embolization, resection, and fractionated external beam radiation therapy in 22%, 6%, and 13% of patients, respectively. The mean nidus volume was 3.5 cm3, 77% of AVMs were located in eloquent brain areas, and the Spetzler-Martin grade was III or higher in 59%. The mean radiosurgical margin dose was 21 Gy (range 5-35 Gy), and the mean follow-up was 92 months (range 12-266 months). AVM obliteration was achieved in 63%. During a cumulative latency period of 2748 years, the annual post-radiosurgery hemorrhage rate was 1.4%. Symptomatic and permanent radiation-induced changes occurred in 8% and 3%, respectively. Favorable outcome was achieved in 59%. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the absence of prior AVM embolization (p = 0.001) and higher margin dose (p < 0.001) were found to be independent predictors of a favorable outcome. The rates of favorable outcome for patients treated with a margin dose ≥ 22 Gy vs < 22 Gy were 78% (110/141 patients) and 47% (101/216 patients), respectively. A margin dose ≥ 22 Gy yielded a significantly higher probability of a favorable outcome (p < 0.001). The unruptured and ruptured pediatric AVM cohorts included 112 and 245 patients, respectively. Ruptured AVMs had significantly higher rates of obliteration (68% vs 53%, p = 0.005) and favorable outcome (63% vs 51%, p = 0.033), with a trend toward a higher incidence of post-radiosurgery hemorrhage (10% vs 4%, p = 0.07). The annual post-radiosurgery hemorrhage rates were 0.8% for unruptured and 1.6% for ruptured AVMs. CONCLUSIONS Radiosurgery is a reasonable treatment option for pediatric AVMs. Obliteration and favorable outcomes are achieved in the majority of patients. The annual rate of latency period hemorrhage after radiosurgery for both ruptured and unruptured pediatric AVM patients conveys a significant risk until the nidus is obliterated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Starke
- University of Miami, Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami, Florida
| | - Dale Ding
- University of Virginia, Department of Neurosurgery, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hideyuki Kano
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Neurological Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David Mathieu
- University of Sherbrooke, Division of Neurosurgery, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Paul P Huang
- New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, New York
| | - Caleb Feliciano
- University of Puerto Rico, Section of Neurological Surgery, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Luis Almodovar
- University of Puerto Rico, Section of Neurological Surgery, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Inga S Grills
- Beaumont Health System, Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Danilo Silva
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mahmoud Abbassy
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Symeon Missios
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Douglas Kondziolka
- New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, New York, New York
| | - Gene H Barnett
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - L Dade Lunsford
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Neurological Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- University of Virginia, Department of Neurosurgery, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Ding D, Starke RM, Sheehan JP. Radiosurgery for the management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2017; 143:69-83. [PMID: 28552160 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63640-9.00007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare, unstable vascular lesions which spontaneously rupture at a rate of approximately 2-4% annually. Stereotactic radiosurgery is a minimally invasive treatment for AVMs, with a favorable risk-to-benefit profile in most patients, with respect to obliteration, hemorrhage, and seizure control. Radiosurgery is ideally suited for small to medium-sized AVMs (diameter <3cm or volume <12cm3) located in deep or eloquent brain regions. Obliteration is ultimately achieved in 70-80% of cases and is directly associated with nidus volume and radiosurgical margin dose. Adverse radiation effects, which appear as T2-weighted hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging, develop in 30-40% of patients after AVM radiosurgery, are symptomatic in 10%, and fail to clinically resolve in 2-3%. The risk of AVM hemorrhage may be reduced by radiosurgery, but the hemorrhage risk persists during the latency period between treatment and obliteration. Delayed postradiosurgery cyst formation occurs in 2% of cases and may require surgical treatment. Radiosurgery abolishes or ameliorates seizure activity in the majority of patients with AVM-associated epilepsy and induces de novo seizures in 1-2% of those without preoperative seizures. Strategies for the treatment of large-volume AVMs include neoadjuvant embolization and either dose- or volume-staged radiosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Robert M Starke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Ding D, Xu Z, Shih HH, Starke RM, Yen CP, Cohen-Inbar O, Sheehan JP. Worse Outcomes After Repeat vs Initial Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations. Neurosurgery 2016; 79:690-700. [DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000001409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Incompletely obliterated cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) after initial treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can be treated with a repeat session of SRS. However, the relative efficacy of repeat vs initial SRS is not well specified.
OBJECTIVE:
To retrospectively compare in matched cohorts the outcomes of repeat vs initial SRS for the treatment of matched cohorts with angioarchitecturally similar AVMs.
METHODS:
We studied a data set of patients with AVM treated with radiosurgery during the period spanning 1989 to 2013. Patients with AVM who underwent repeat SRS with radiologic follow-up of ≥2 years or nidus obliteration were identified for the study and matched, in a 1:1 fashion that was blinded to outcome, to patients with previously untreated AVMs who underwent initial SRS. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the outcomes after repeat vs initial SRS.
RESULTS:
The matching approach resulted in 84 patients for the repeat and the initial SRS cohort (mean margin doses, 20.7 and 20.9 Gy, respectively; P =.74). In the repeat SRS cohort, obliteration was achieved in 67%; the radiologic, symptomatic, and permanent radiation-induced change rates were 35%, 10%, and 4%, respectively; and the post-SRS hemorrhage rate was 3.1%/y. Compared with the initial SRS cohort, the repeat SRS cohort had significantly lower obliteration rates (P =.04) and higher post-SRS hemorrhage rates (P =.04). The radiation-induced change rates of the 2 cohorts were not significantly different.
CONCLUSION:
Repeat SRS yields considerably poorer outcomes than initial SRS for angioarchitecturally comparable AVMs. Further studies in AVM radiobiology and vascular structure are necessary to elucidate this potentially differential response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Ding
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Han-Hsun Shih
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Robert M. Starke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Chun-Po Yen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Or Cohen-Inbar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jason P. Sheehan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Conger JR, Ding D, Raper DM, Starke RM, Durst CR, Liu KC, Jensen ME, Evans AJ. Preoperative Embolization of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations with Silk Suture and Particles: Technical Considerations and Outcomes. J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg 2016; 18:90-99. [PMID: 27790398 PMCID: PMC5081503 DOI: 10.7461/jcen.2016.18.2.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is commonly performed prior to surgical resection in order to reduce intraoperative bleeding and improve the safety of resection. Although most modern embolization procedures utilize permanent embolic agents, silk suture and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles may offer unique advantages for preoperative devascularization. The aims of this retrospective cohort study are to describe the technical considerations and determine the outcomes for preoperative silk suture and PVA particle embolization (SPE) of AVMs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective review of our AVM embolization database. AVM patients who underwent preoperative SPE and subsequent surgical resection were included for analysis. Baseline patient demographics, AVM characteristics, embolization and operative records, and post-treatment outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 11 patients who underwent 12 preoperative SPE procedures were included for analysis. Five AVMs were ruptured (45%), and the median nidus volume was 3.0 cm3 (range: 1.3-42.9 cm3). The Spetzler-Martin grade was I-II in seven patients (64%) and III-IV in four patients (36%). The degree of nidal obliteration was less than 25% in two procedures (17%), 25-50% in one procedure (8%), 50-75% in eight procedures (67%), and greater than 75% in one procedure (8%). The rates of post-embolization AVM hemorrhage and mortality were 8% and 0%, respectively. The postoperative angiographic obliteration rate was 100%, and the modified Rankin Scale score improved or stable in 91% of patients (median follow-up duration 2 months). CONCLUSION Preoperative AVM SPE affords a reasonable risk to benefit profile for appropriately selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Conger
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Dale Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Daniel M Raper
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Robert M Starke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christopher R Durst
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth C Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mary E Jensen
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Avery J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Ding D, Starke RM, Liu KC, Crowley RW. Cortical plasticity in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 22:1857-61. [PMID: 26256067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to ascertain the evidence for cortical plasticity in arteriovenous malformation (AVM) patients. Chronic hypoperfusion due to vascular steal from cerebral AVM can result in a translocation of eloquent neurological functions to other brain areas, a phenomenon known as cortical plasticity. We performed a systematic literature review of the studies that have evaluated cortical plasticity in AVM patients. A total of 22 studies from 1996 to 2014 were included for the analyses. The evaluation of cortical plasticity was performed prior to AVM intervention in 109 patients, and during or after AVM intervention in 18. The most commonly assessed neurological functions were motor in 85% and language in 11% of the former cohort, and motor in 78% and language, cognition, and memory each in 39% of the latter cohort. Functional MRI was the most frequently used method for evaluating cortical plasticity, and was performed in 63% of the former and 56% of the latter cohort. In conclusion, cortical plasticity appears to be influenced by both AVM pathogenesis and intervention. Given the limited evidence that is currently available for cortical plasticity in AVM patients, further studies are warranted to determine its incidence and impact on long term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Post Office Box 800212, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Robert M Starke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Post Office Box 800212, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kenneth C Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Post Office Box 800212, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R Webster Crowley
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Post Office Box 800212, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Ding D, Starke RM, Kano H, Lee JYK, Mathieu D, Pierce J, Huang PP, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Silva D, Abbassy M, Missios S, Kondziolka D, Barnett GH, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Stereotactic radiosurgery for Spetzler-Martin Grade III arteriovenous malformations: an international multicenter study. J Neurosurg 2016; 126:859-871. [PMID: 27081906 DOI: 10.3171/2016.1.jns152564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because of the angioarchitectural diversity of Spetzler-Martin (SM) Grade III arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), the management of these lesions is incompletely defined. The aims of this multicenter, retrospective cohort study were to evaluate the outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for SM Grade III AVMs and to determine the factors predicting these outcomes. METHODS The authors analyzed and pooled data from patients with SM Grade III AVMs treated with SRS at 8 institutions participating in the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation. Patients with these AVMs and a minimum follow-up length of 12 months were included in the study cohort. An optimal outcome was defined as AVM obliteration, no post-SRS hemorrhage, and no permanently symptomatic radiation-induced changes (RICs). Data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS The SM Grade III AVM cohort comprised 891 patients with a mean age of 34 years at the time of SRS. The mean nidus volume, radiosurgical margin dose, and follow-up length were 4.5 cm3, 20 Gy, and 89 months, respectively. The actuarial obliteration rates at 5 and 10 years were 63% and 78%, respectively. The annual postradiosurgery hemorrhage rate was 1.2%. Symptomatic and permanent RICs were observed in 11% and 4% of the patients, respectively. Optimal outcome was achieved in 56% of the patients and was significantly more frequent in cases of unruptured AVMs (OR 2.3, p < 0.001). The lack of a previous hemorrhage (p = 0.037), absence of previous AVM embolization (p = 0.002), smaller nidus volume (p = 0.014), absence of AVM-associated arterial aneurysms (p = 0.023), and higher margin dose (p < 0.001) were statistically significant independent predictors of optimal outcome in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Stereotactic radiosurgery provided better outcomes for patients with small, unruptured SM Grade III AVMs than for large or ruptured SM Grade III nidi. A prospective trial or registry that facilitates a comparison of SRS with conservative AVM management might further clarify the authors' observations for these often high-risk AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Ding
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Robert M Starke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hideyuki Kano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, and
| | - John Y K Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Mathieu
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Sherbrooke, Centre de recherché du CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Pierce
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul P Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Caleb Feliciano
- Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Luis Almodovar
- Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Danilo Silva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mahmoud Abbassy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Symeon Missios
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Douglas Kondziolka
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Gene H Barnett
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - L Dade Lunsford
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, and
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Oermann EK, Ding D, Yen CP, Starke RM, Bederson JB, Kondziolka D, Sheehan JP. Effect of Prior Embolization on Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Radiosurgery Outcomes: A Case-Control Study. Neurosurgery 2016; 77:406-17; discussion 417. [PMID: 25875580 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embolization before stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) has been shown to negatively affect obliteration rates, but its impact on the risks of radiosurgery-induced complications and latency period hemorrhage is poorly defined. OBJECTIVE To determine, in a case-control study, the effect of prior embolization on AVM SRS outcomes. METHODS We evaluated a database of AVM patients who underwent SRS. Propensity score analysis was used to match the case (embolized nidi) and control (nonembolized nidi) cohorts. AVM angioarchitectural complexity was defined as the sum of the number of major feeding arteries and draining veins to the nidus. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed on the overall study population to determine independent predictors of obliteration and radiation-induced changes. RESULTS The matching process yielded 242 patients in each cohort. The actuarial obliteration rates were significantly lower in the embolized (31%, 49% at 5, 10 years, respectively) compared with the nonembolized (48%, 64% at 5, 10 years, respectively) cohort (P = .003). In the multivariate analysis for obliteration, lower angioarchitectural complexity (P < .001) and radiologically evident radiation-induced changes (P = .016) were independent predictors, but embolization was not significant (P = .744). In the multivariate analysis for radiologic radiation-induced changes, lack of prior embolization (P = .009) and fewer draining veins (P = .011) were independent predictors. CONCLUSION The effect of prior embolization on AVM obliteration after SRS may be significantly confounded by nidus angioarchitectural complexity. Additionally, embolization could reduce the risk of radiation-induced changes. Thus, combined embolization and SRS may be warranted for appropriately selected nidi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K Oermann
- *Mount Sinai Health System, Department of Neurosurgery, New York City, New York; ‡University of Virginia, Department of Neurosurgery, Charlottesville, Virginia; §New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, New York City, New York
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Ding D, Xu Z, Starke RM, Yen CP, Shih HH, Buell TJ, Sheehan JP. Radiosurgery for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations with Associated Arterial Aneurysms. World Neurosurg 2016; 87:77-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Using a Machine Learning Approach to Predict Outcomes after Radiosurgery for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21161. [PMID: 26856372 PMCID: PMC4746661 DOI: 10.1038/srep21161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictions of patient outcomes after a given therapy are fundamental to medical practice. We employ a machine learning approach towards predicting the outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Using three prospective databases, a machine learning approach of feature engineering and model optimization was implemented to create the most accurate predictor of AVM outcomes. Existing prognostic systems were scored for purposes of comparison. The final predictor was secondarily validated on an independent site's dataset not utilized for initial construction. Out of 1,810 patients, 1,674 to 1,291 patients depending upon time threshold, with 23 features were included for analysis and divided into training and validation sets. The best predictor had an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71 compared to existing clinical systems of 0.63 across all time points. On the heldout dataset, the predictor had an accuracy of around 0.74 at across all time thresholds with a specificity and sensitivity of 62% and 85% respectively. This machine learning approach was able to provide the best possible predictions of AVM radiosurgery outcomes of any method to date, identify a novel radiobiological feature (3D surface dose), and demonstrate a paradigm for further development of prognostic tools in medical care.
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Spatiotemporal Fractionation Schemes for Irradiating Large Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 95:1067-1074. [PMID: 27113566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To optimally exploit fractionation effects in the context of radiosurgery treatments of large cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). In current practice, fractionated treatments divide the dose evenly into several fractions, which generally leads to low obliteration rates. In this work, we investigate the potential benefit of delivering distinct dose distributions in different fractions. METHODS AND MATERIALS Five patients with large cerebral AVMs were reviewed and replanned for intensity modulated arc therapy delivered with conventional photon beams. Treatment plans allowing for different dose distributions in all fractions were obtained by performing treatment plan optimization based on the cumulative biologically effective dose delivered at the end of treatment. RESULTS We show that distinct treatment plans can be designed for different fractions, such that high single-fraction doses are delivered to complementary parts of the AVM. All plans create a similar dose bath in the surrounding normal brain and thereby exploit the fractionation effect. This partial hypofractionation in the AVM along with fractionation in normal brain achieves a net improvement of the therapeutic ratio. We show that a biological dose reduction of approximately 10% in the healthy brain can be achieved compared with reference treatment schedules that deliver the same dose distribution in all fractions. CONCLUSIONS Boosting complementary parts of the target volume in different fractions may provide a therapeutic advantage in fractionated radiosurgery treatments of large cerebral AVMs. The strategy allows for a mean dose reduction in normal brain that may be valuable for a patient population with an otherwise normal life expectancy.
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Cohen-Inbar O, Ding D, Chen CJ, Sheehan JP. Stereotactic radiosurgery for deep intracranial arteriovenous malformations, part 1: Brainstem arteriovenous malformations. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 24:30-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Partially Resected Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations. World Neurosurg 2016; 85:263-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ding D, Starke RM, Kano H, Mathieu D, Huang P, Kondziolka D, Feliciano C, Rodriguez-Mercado R, Almodovar L, Grills IS, Silva D, Abbassy M, Missios S, Barnett GH, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Radiosurgery for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations in A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA)-Eligible Patients: A Multicenter Study. Stroke 2015; 47:342-9. [PMID: 26658441 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.011400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The benefit of intervention for patients with unruptured cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) was challenged by results demonstrating superior clinical outcomes with conservative management from A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain AVMs (ARUBA). The aim of this multicenter, retrospective cohort study is to analyze the outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery for ARUBA-eligible patients. METHODS We combined AVM radiosurgery outcome data from 7 institutions participating in the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation. Patients with ≥12 months of follow-up were screened for ARUBA eligibility criteria. Favorable outcome was defined as AVM obliteration, no postradiosurgery hemorrhage, and no permanently symptomatic radiation-induced changes. Adverse neurological outcome was defined as any new or worsening neurological symptoms or death. RESULTS The ARUBA-eligible cohort comprised 509 patients (mean age, 40 years). The Spetzler-Martin grade was I to II in 46% and III to IV in 54%. The mean radiosurgical margin dose was 22 Gy and follow-up was 86 months. AVM obliteration was achieved in 75%. The postradiosurgery hemorrhage rate during the latency period was 0.9% per year. Symptomatic and permanent radiation-induced changes occurred in 11% and 3%, respectively. The rates of favorable outcome, adverse neurological outcome, permanent neurological morbidity, and mortality were 70%, 13%, 5%, and 4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Radiosurgery may provide durable clinical benefit in some ARUBA-eligible patients. On the basis of the natural history of untreated, unruptured AVMs in the medical arm of ARUBA, we estimate that a follow-up duration of 15 to 20 years is necessary to realize a potential benefit of radiosurgical intervention for conservative management in unruptured patients with AVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Ding
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.D., R.M.S., J.P.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (H.K., L.D.L.); Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (D.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (P.H., D.K.); Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico (C.F., R.R.-M., L.A.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI (I.S.G.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (D.S., M.A., S.M., G.H.B.)
| | - Robert M Starke
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.D., R.M.S., J.P.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (H.K., L.D.L.); Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (D.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (P.H., D.K.); Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico (C.F., R.R.-M., L.A.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI (I.S.G.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (D.S., M.A., S.M., G.H.B.)
| | - Hideyuki Kano
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.D., R.M.S., J.P.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (H.K., L.D.L.); Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (D.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (P.H., D.K.); Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico (C.F., R.R.-M., L.A.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI (I.S.G.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (D.S., M.A., S.M., G.H.B.)
| | - David Mathieu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.D., R.M.S., J.P.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (H.K., L.D.L.); Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (D.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (P.H., D.K.); Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico (C.F., R.R.-M., L.A.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI (I.S.G.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (D.S., M.A., S.M., G.H.B.)
| | - Paul Huang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.D., R.M.S., J.P.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (H.K., L.D.L.); Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (D.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (P.H., D.K.); Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico (C.F., R.R.-M., L.A.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI (I.S.G.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (D.S., M.A., S.M., G.H.B.)
| | - Douglas Kondziolka
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.D., R.M.S., J.P.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (H.K., L.D.L.); Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (D.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (P.H., D.K.); Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico (C.F., R.R.-M., L.A.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI (I.S.G.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (D.S., M.A., S.M., G.H.B.)
| | - Caleb Feliciano
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.D., R.M.S., J.P.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (H.K., L.D.L.); Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (D.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (P.H., D.K.); Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico (C.F., R.R.-M., L.A.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI (I.S.G.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (D.S., M.A., S.M., G.H.B.)
| | - Rafael Rodriguez-Mercado
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.D., R.M.S., J.P.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (H.K., L.D.L.); Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (D.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (P.H., D.K.); Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico (C.F., R.R.-M., L.A.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI (I.S.G.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (D.S., M.A., S.M., G.H.B.)
| | - Luis Almodovar
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.D., R.M.S., J.P.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (H.K., L.D.L.); Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (D.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (P.H., D.K.); Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico (C.F., R.R.-M., L.A.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI (I.S.G.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (D.S., M.A., S.M., G.H.B.)
| | - Inga S Grills
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.D., R.M.S., J.P.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (H.K., L.D.L.); Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (D.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (P.H., D.K.); Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico (C.F., R.R.-M., L.A.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI (I.S.G.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (D.S., M.A., S.M., G.H.B.)
| | - Danilo Silva
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.D., R.M.S., J.P.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (H.K., L.D.L.); Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (D.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (P.H., D.K.); Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico (C.F., R.R.-M., L.A.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI (I.S.G.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (D.S., M.A., S.M., G.H.B.)
| | - Mahmoud Abbassy
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.D., R.M.S., J.P.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (H.K., L.D.L.); Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (D.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (P.H., D.K.); Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico (C.F., R.R.-M., L.A.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI (I.S.G.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (D.S., M.A., S.M., G.H.B.)
| | - Symeon Missios
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.D., R.M.S., J.P.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (H.K., L.D.L.); Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (D.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (P.H., D.K.); Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico (C.F., R.R.-M., L.A.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI (I.S.G.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (D.S., M.A., S.M., G.H.B.)
| | - Gene H Barnett
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.D., R.M.S., J.P.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (H.K., L.D.L.); Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (D.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (P.H., D.K.); Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico (C.F., R.R.-M., L.A.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI (I.S.G.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (D.S., M.A., S.M., G.H.B.)
| | - L Dade Lunsford
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.D., R.M.S., J.P.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (H.K., L.D.L.); Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (D.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (P.H., D.K.); Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico (C.F., R.R.-M., L.A.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI (I.S.G.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (D.S., M.A., S.M., G.H.B.)
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (D.D., R.M.S., J.P.S.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA (H.K., L.D.L.); Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (D.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center (P.H., D.K.); Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico (C.F., R.R.-M., L.A.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI (I.S.G.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (D.S., M.A., S.M., G.H.B.)
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Ding D. Stereotactic radiosurgery versus surgical resection for the management of intracranial meningiomas in elderly patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2015; 157:2205-7. [PMID: 26392116 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-015-2589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dale Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, PO Box 800212, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
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