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Fussing F, Christensson J, Wörtwein G. Expression of erythropoietin receptor protein in the mouse hippocampus in response to normobaric hypoxia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25051. [PMID: 38322970 PMCID: PMC10844123 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past decades, accumulating research on erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptor (EPOR) has revealed various neuroprotective actions and upregulation in hypoxic conditions. To our knowledge, EPOR protein levels in the hippocampus and isocortex have never been measured. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure EPOR protein in the hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Further objectives were to examine the effects of exposure to normobaric hypoxia of various degrees and durations on EPOR protein and to explore how long-lasting these effects were. Method Adult C57BL/6 mice were randomized into a control group (N = 12) or various hypoxia groups (N = 5-11). Mice were exposed to three different O2 concentrations (10 %, 12 %, or 18 %) for 8 h a day for 5 days and sacrificed immediately after the last exposure. The effect of exposure to 12 % O2 for 1 day and 4 weeks (8 h per day) at this survival time was also examined. Additionally, groups of mice were exposed to 12 % O2 for 1 or 5 days (8 h per day) and euthanized at various times (up to 3 weeks) thereafter to examine the duration of EPOR protein regulation in the HPC and the PFC. EPOR protein was detected with a sandwich-ELISA method. Results EPOR protein was present in the HPC and PFC, at 206.64 ± 43.98 pg/mg and 184.25 ± 48.21 pg/mg, respectively. The highest increase in EPOR protein was observed in the HPC after 5 days of 8 h exposure to 12 % O2 and was most pronounced 24 h after last exposure. The effect of hypoxia normalized within one week after the last exposure. Conclusion This study successfully measured hippocampal EPOR protein and showed a significant association between normobaric hypoxia and acute EPOR elevation. It is our hope that this study can provide guidance to future research on the neuroprotective effects of EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Fussing
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Copenhagen and University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. Christensson
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Copenhagen and University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G. Wörtwein
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Copenhagen and University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Kraemer RR, Kraemer BR. The effects of peripheral hormone responses to exercise on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1202349. [PMID: 38084331 PMCID: PMC10710532 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1202349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, a considerable amount of new data have revealed the beneficial effects of exercise on hippocampal neurogenesis and the maintenance or improvement of cognitive function. Investigations with animal models, as well as human studies, have yielded novel understanding of the mechanisms through which endocrine signaling can stimulate neurogenesis, as well as the effects of exercise on acute and/or chronic levels of these circulating hormones. Considering the effects of aging on the decline of specific endocrine factors that affect brain health, insights in this area of research are particularly important. In this review, we discuss how different forms of exercise influence the peripheral production of specific endocrine factors, with particular emphasis on brain-derived neurotrophic factor, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, ghrelin, estrogen, testosterone, irisin, vascular endothelial growth factor, erythropoietin, and cortisol. We also describe mechanisms through which these endocrine responses to exercise induce cellular changes that increase hippocampal neurogenesis and improve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R. Kraemer
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, United States
| | - Bradley R. Kraemer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
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3
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EPO has multiple positive effects on astrocytes in an experimental model of ischemia. Brain Res 2023; 1802:148207. [PMID: 36549360 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) has neuroprotective effects in central nervous system injury models. In clinical trials EPO has shown beneficial effects in traumatic brain injury (TBI) as well as in ischemic stroke. We have previously shown that EPO has short-term effects on astrocyte glutamatergic signaling in vitro and that administration of EPO after experimental TBI decreases early cytotoxic brain edema and preserves structural and functional properties of the blood-brain barrier. These effects have been attributed to preserved or restored astrocyte function. Here we explored the effects of EPO on astrocytes undergoing oxygen-glucose-deprivation, an in vitro model of ischemia. Measurements of glutamate uptake, intracellular pH, intrinsic NADH fluorescence, Na,K-ATPase activity, and lactate release were performed. We found that EPO within minutes caused a Na,K-ATPase-dependent increase in glutamate uptake, restored intracellular acidification caused by glutamate and increased lactate release. The effects on intracellular pH were dependent on the sodium/hydrogen exchanger NHE. In neuron-astrocyte co-cultures, EPO increased NADH production both in astrocytes and neurons, however the increase was greater in astrocytes. We suggest that EPO preserves astrocyte function under ischemic conditions and thus may contribute to neuroprotection in ischemic stroke and brain ischemia secondary to TBI.
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4
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Li Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Zhu L, Zhang H, Ma Q, Liu X, Dong L, Lu G. Does erythropoietin affect the outcome and complication rates of patient with traumatic brain injury? A pooled-analysis. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:3783-3793. [PMID: 35044560 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-05877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the scientific literature published until April 18, 2021, to summarize existing knowledge on the efficacy and safety of erythropoietin (EPO) for traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the efficacy and safety of EPO in the treatment of TBI were systematically searched in relevant electronic databases according to a pre-designed search strategy. The primary outcomes are the mortality; and secondary outcomes are the good functional outcome (GFO) and adverse events (AEs). RESULTS A total of 10 RCTs involving 2,402 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results showed that there is a significant difference in terms of the mortality (RR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.54-0.84, P = 0.0003) and seizure rate (RR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.29-0.96, P = 0.04) between the EPO groups compared to those in the control groups. However, compared with the control groups, the GFO in the EPO groups was not statistically significant (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.93-1.48, P = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS Findings of the present meta-analysis suggest that the use of EPO could reduce mortality rate in patients with TBI, without increasing the incidence of AEs. EPO has potential research and application value in the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Li
- Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yangzhou Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haili Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hengzhu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yangzhou Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lun Dong
- Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yangzhou Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Lu
- Institute of Public Health, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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5
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Ma Y, Zhou Z, Yang GY, Ding J, Wang X. The Effect of Erythropoietin and Its Derivatives on Ischemic Stroke Therapy: A Comprehensive Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:743926. [PMID: 35250554 PMCID: PMC8892214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.743926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies explored the therapeutic effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on neurodegenerative diseases. Few studies provided comprehensive and latest knowledge of EPO treatment for ischemic stroke. In the present review, we introduced the structure, expression, function of EPO, and its receptors in the central nervous system. Furthermore, we comprehensively discussed EPO treatment in pre-clinical studies, clinical trials, and its therapeutic mechanisms including suppressing inflammation. Finally, advanced studies of the therapy of EPO derivatives in ischemic stroke were also discussed. We wish to provide valuable information on EPO and EPO derivatives’ treatment for ischemic stroke for basic researchers and clinicians to accelerate the process of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guo-Yuan Yang, ; Jing Ding,
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guo-Yuan Yang, ; Jing Ding,
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Ryou MG, Chen X, Cai M, Wang H, Jung ME, Metzger DB, Mallet RT, Shi X. Intermittent Hypoxia Training Prevents Deficient Learning-Memory Behavior in Mice Modeling Alzheimer's Disease: A Pilot Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:674688. [PMID: 34276338 PMCID: PMC8282412 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.674688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), normobaric intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) can preserve neurobehavioral function when applied before deficits develop, but IHT's effectiveness after onset of amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation is unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that IHT improves learning-memory behavior, diminishes Aβ accumulation in cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and enhances cerebrocortical contents of the neuroprotective trophic factors erythropoietin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in mice manifesting AD traits. Twelve-month-old female 3xTg-AD mice were assigned to untreated 3xTg-AD (n = 6), AD+IHT (n = 6), and AD+sham-IHT (n = 6) groups; 8 untreated wild-type (WT) mice also were studied. AD+IHT mice alternately breathed 10% O2 for 6 min and room air for 4 min, 10 cycles/day for 21 days; AD+sham-IHT mice breathed room air. Spatial learning-memory was assessed by Morris water maze. Cerebrocortical and hippocampal Aβ40 and Aβ42 contents were determined by ELISA, and cerebrocortical erythropoietin and BDNF were analyzed by immunoblotting and ELISA. The significance of time (12 vs. 12 months + 21 days) and treatment (IHT vs. sham-IHT) was evaluated by two-factor ANOVA. The change in swimming distance to find the water maze platform after 21 d IHT (-1.6 ± 1.8 m) differed from that after sham-IHT (+5.8 ± 2.6 m). Cerebrocortical and hippocampal Aβ42 contents were greater in 3xTg-AD than WT mice, but neither time nor treatment significantly affected Aβ40 or Aβ42 contents in the 3xTg-AD mice. Cerebrocortical erythropoietin and BDNF contents increased appreciably after IHT as compared to untreated 3xTg-AD and AD+sham-IHT mice. In conclusion, moderate, normobaric IHT prevented spatial learning-memory decline and restored cerebrocortical erythropoietin and BDNF contents despite ongoing Aβ accumulation in 3xTg-AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Gwi Ryou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Public Health, Tarleton State University, Texas A&M University System, Stephenville, TX, United States
| | - Xiaoan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- College of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Marianna E. Jung
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Daniel B. Metzger
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Robert T. Mallet
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Xiangrong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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7
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Patel AMR, Apaijai N, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. The Protective and Reparative Role of Colony-Stimulating Factors in the Brain with Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:1029-1065. [PMID: 33075777 DOI: 10.1159/000512367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a debilitating disease and has the ability to culminate in devastating clinical outcomes. Ischemic stroke followed by reperfusion entrains cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is a complex pathological process and is associated with serious clinical manifestations. Therefore, the development of a robust and effective poststroke therapy is crucial. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) and erythropoietin (EPO), originally discovered as hematopoietic growth factors, are versatile and have transcended beyond their traditional role of orchestrating the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of hematopoietic progenitors to one that fosters brain protection/neuroregeneration. The clinical indication regarding GCSF and EPO as an auspicious therapeutic strategy is conferred in a plethora of illnesses, including anemia and neutropenia. EPO and GCSF alleviate cerebral I/R injury through a multitude of mechanisms, involving antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neurogenic, and angiogenic effects. Despite bolstering evidence from preclinical studies, the multiple brain protective modalities of GCSF and EPO failed to translate in clinical trials and thereby raises several questions. The present review comprehensively compiles and discusses key findings from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data pertaining to the administration of EPO, GCSF, and other drugs, which alter levels of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in the brain following cerebral I/R injury, and elaborates on the contributing factors, which led to the lost in translation of CSFs from bench to bedside. Any controversial findings are discussed to enable a clear overview of the role of EPO and GCSF as robust and effective candidates for poststroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Mohamed Rafik Patel
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,
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8
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Auzmendi J, Puchulu MB, Rodríguez JCG, Balaszczuk AM, Lazarowski A, Merelli A. EPO and EPO-Receptor System as Potential Actionable Mechanism for the Protection of Brain and Heart in Refractory Epilepsy and SUDEP. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1356-1364. [PMID: 32072891 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200219095548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The most important activity of erythropoietin (EPO) is the regulation of erythrocyte production by activation of the erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R), which triggers the activation of anti-apoptotic and proliferative responses of erythroid progenitor cells. Additionally, to erythropoietic EPO activity, an antiapoptotic effect has been described in a wide spectrum of tissues. EPO low levels are found in the central nervous system (CNS), while EPO-R is expressed in most CNS cell types. In spite of EPO-R high levels expressed during the hypoxicischemic brain, insufficient production of endogenous cerebral EPO could be the cause of determined circuit alterations that lead to the loss of specific neuronal populations. In the heart, high EPO-R expression in cardiac progenitor cells appears to contribute to myocardial regeneration under EPO stimulation. Several lines of evidence have linked EPO to an antiapoptotic role in CNS and in heart tissue. In this review, an antiapoptotic role of EPO/EPO-R system in both brain and heart under hypoxic conditions, such as epilepsy and sudden death (SUDEP) has been resumed. Additionally, their protective effects could be a new field of research and a novel therapeutic strategy for the early treatment of these conditions and avoid SUDEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerónimo Auzmendi
- Universidad de Buenos Aire (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica (FFyB), Instituto de Fisiopatologia y Bioquimica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Junín 956, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B Puchulu
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Catedra de Fisiologia, Instituto de Quimica y Metabolismo del Farmaco, CONICET, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julio C G Rodríguez
- CENPALAB, Centro Nacional para la Producción de Animales de Laboratorio, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ana M Balaszczuk
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Catedra de Fisiologia, Instituto de Quimica y Metabolismo del Farmaco, CONICET, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Lazarowski
- Universidad de Buenos Aire (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica (FFyB), Instituto de Fisiopatologia y Bioquimica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Junín 956, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Amalia Merelli
- Universidad de Buenos Aire (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica (FFyB), Instituto de Fisiopatologia y Bioquimica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Junín 956, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Xu J, Li H, Huang J, Wang Z, Li Y, Yang C, Wu B, Liu L, Kong Q, Huang J, Liu W, Ye X, Chen G. Erythropoietin Gene Polymorphism rs551238 is Associated with a Reduced Susceptibility to Brain Injury in Preterm Infants. Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 16:335-339. [PMID: 31612832 DOI: 10.2174/1567202616666191014120036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Erythropoietin (EPO) promoter region have been shown to influence EPO protein expression, and high blood levels of EPO are associated with an increased risk of brain injury in very preterm infants. Here, we investigated the genotype distributions and association of three EPO gene polymorphisms (rs1617640, rs551238, and rs507392) with the risk of brain injury in preterm infants. METHODS 304 preterm infants with a gestational age of 28 to 34 weeks were enrolled in this study. Brain injury was evaluated by brain ultrasound and MRI examination. EPO gene Single- Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped by the Agena MassARRAY system, and their association with brain injury susceptibility in preterm infants was analyzed. RESULTS EPO polymorphism rs551238 showed a significant difference in the genotypic distributions between the brain injury group and the control group, and was significantly correlated with reduced susceptibility to brain injury in preterm infants according to the results obtained from both the additive model (OR = 0.520, 95% CI: 0.339-0.799, P = 0.003) and the dominant model (OR = 0.523, 95% CI: 0.332-0.853, P = 0.009). EPO polymorphisms rs1617640 and rs507392 did not meet the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the study population (P < 0.05) and were, thus, not subjected to further analysis for their impacts on brain injuries. CONCLUSION The "C" allele of rs551238 was correlated with a reduced risk of brain injury in preterm infants which may serve as a potential marker for brain injury prediction in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Xu
- The Central Laboratory and Medical Genetics & Molecular Diagnostic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518017, China
| | - Jinjie Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Zhangxing Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Longhua People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Yun Li
- The Central Laboratory and Medical Genetics & Molecular Diagnostic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Chuanzhong Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518017, China
| | - Benqing Wu
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Qi Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Jianlin Huang
- The Central Laboratory and Medical Genetics & Molecular Diagnostic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- The Central Laboratory and Medical Genetics & Molecular Diagnostic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Xiufeng Ye
- The Central Laboratory and Medical Genetics & Molecular Diagnostic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Guangfu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
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10
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Juenemann M, Braun T, Schleicher N, Yeniguen M, Schramm P, Gerriets T, Ritschel N, Bachmann G, Obert M, Schoenburg M, Kaps M, Tschernatsch M. Neuroprotective mechanisms of erythropoietin in a rat stroke model. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:48-59. [PMID: 33312715 PMCID: PMC7702138 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was designed to investigate the indirect neuroprotective properties of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) pretreatment in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods One hundred and ten male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups receiving either 5,000 IU/kg rhEPO intravenously or saline 15 minutes prior to MCAO and bilateral craniectomy or sham craniectomy. Bilateral craniectomy aimed at elimination of the space-consuming effect of postischemic edema. Diagnostic workup included neurological examination, assessment of infarct size and cerebral edema by magnetic resonance imaging, wet–dry technique, and quantification of hemispheric and local cerebral blood flow (CBF) by flat-panel volumetric computed tomography. Results In the absence of craniectomy, EPO pretreatment led to a significant reduction in infarct volume (34.83 ± 9.84% vs. 25.28 ± 7.03%; p = 0.022) and midline shift (0.114 ± 0.023 cm vs. 0.083 ± 0.027 cm; p = 0.013). We observed a significant increase in regional CBF in cortical areas of the ischemic infarct (72.29 ± 24.00% vs. 105.53 ± 33.10%; p = 0.043) but not the whole hemispheres. Infarct size-independent parameters could not demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in cerebral edema with EPO treatment. Conclusions Single-dose pretreatment with rhEPO 5,000 IU/kg significantly reduces ischemic lesion volume and increases local CBF in penumbral areas of ischemia 24 h after transient MCAO in rats. Data suggest indirect neuroprotection from edema and the resultant pressure-reducing and blood flow-increasing effects mediated by EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Juenemann
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Heart & Brain Research Group, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Braun
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Heart & Brain Research Group, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Nadine Schleicher
- Heart & Brain Research Group, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mesut Yeniguen
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Heart & Brain Research Group, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Schramm
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Heart & Brain Research Group, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Tibo Gerriets
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Heart & Brain Research Group, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Gesundheitszentrum Wetterau, Chaumontplatz 1, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Nouha Ritschel
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstraße 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Georg Bachmann
- Department of Radiology, Kerckhoff Clinic, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Martin Obert
- Department of Radiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Schoenburg
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Kerckhoff Clinic, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Kaps
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marlene Tschernatsch
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Heart & Brain Research Group, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and Kerckhoff Clinic, Benekestrasse 2-8, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Gesundheitszentrum Wetterau, Chaumontplatz 1, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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11
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Kunze R, Marti HH. Angioneurins - Key regulators of blood-brain barrier integrity during hypoxic and ischemic brain injury. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 178:101611. [PMID: 30970273 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity leading to vasogenic edema and brain swelling is a common feature of hypoxic/ischemic brain diseases such as stroke, but is also central to the etiology of other CNS disorders. In the past decades, numerous proteins, belonging to the family of angioneurins, have gained increasing attention as potential therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke, but also other CNS diseases attributed to BBB dysfunction. Angioneurins encompass mediators that affect both neuronal and vascular function. Recently, increasing evidence has been accumulated that certain angioneurins critically determine disease progression and outcome in stroke among others through multifaceted effects on the compromised BBB. Here, we will give a concise overview about the family of angioneurins. We further describe the most important cellular and molecular components that contribute to structural integrity and low permeability of the BBB under steady-state conditions. We then discuss BBB alterations in ischemic stroke, and highlight underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. For the most prominent angioneurin family members including vascular endothelial growth factors, angiopoietins, platelet-derived growth factors and erythropoietin, we will summarize current scientific literature from experimental studies in animal models, and if available from clinical trials, on the following points: (i) spatiotemporal expression of these factors in the healthy and hypoxic/ischemic CNS, (ii) impact of loss- or gain-of-function during cerebral hypoxia/ischemia for BBB integrity and beyond, and (iii) potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Moreover, we will highlight novel therapeutic strategies based on the activation of endogenous angioneurins that might improve BBB dysfuntion during ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Kunze
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - Hugo H Marti
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
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12
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Schmauss D, Weinzierl A, Weiss F, Egaña J, Rezaeian F, Hopfner U, Schmauss V, Machens HG, Harder Y. Long-term pre- and postconditioning with low doses of erythropoietin protects critically perfused musculocutaneous tissue from necrosis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019; 72:590-599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Erythropoietin Protects Against Cognitive Impairment and Hippocampal Neurodegeneration in Diabetic Mice. Behav Sci (Basel) 2018; 9:bs9010004. [PMID: 30597853 PMCID: PMC6358900 DOI: 10.3390/bs9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of erythropoietin (EPO) is neuroprotective against a variety of experimentally-induced neurological disorders. The aim was to determine if EPO protects against hippocampal neurodegeneration as well as impairment of cognition and motor performance, associated with long-term diabetes. BALB/c mice were randomly allocated between control, diabetic and EPO-treated diabetic groups. EPO-treated diabetic mice were administered EPO 0.05 U/kg/day i.p. three times/week for 10 weeks. Cognition was assessed by Morris water maze. Brain samples were processed for light microscopic evaluation of hippocampus. Controls showed gradual improvement of cognitive performance in water maze when comparing latency (p < 0.01) and distance swum to reach the platform (p = 0.001). There was a similar trend for improvement in EPO-treated diabetics (p < 0.001). Latency did not improve in diabetic animals indicating lack of learning (p = 0.79). In probe trials, controls and EPO-treated diabetics spent more time in the training quadrant than expected by chance (p < 0.001). Diabetics did not show memory recall behavior; performance was significantly worse than expected by chance (p = 0.023). In diabetics, there was neurodegeneration in hippocampus and reduction in number of granule cells (p < 0.01) in the dentate gyrus. EPO treatment improved these neurodegenerative changes and preserved numbers of granule cells (p < 0.1, compared to controls). Erythropoietin treatment is protective against cognitive deficits and hippocampal neurodegeneration in diabetic mice.
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14
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Wanchao S, Chen M, Zhiguo S, Futang X, Mengmeng S. Protective effect and mechanism of Lactobacillus on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e7172. [PMID: 29791585 PMCID: PMC5972019 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects and
mechanism of inactivated lactobacillus (ILA) on cerebral ischemia reperfusion
injury (CIRI) in rats. In this experiment, 30 male Sprague Dawley rats were
randomly divided into control group, IRI groups, and ILA group. A middle
cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion model was prepared. The rats were
killed after 24 hours of recovery of blood flow of cerebral ischemia resulting
from 60-min occlusion. The cerebral infarction volume and neurological scores
were assayed by staining and behavioral observation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and
superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were assayed by biochemical kits. Cell
apoptosis was assayed by Tunnel and the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, IkB, and A20
were assayed by western blot. The neurobehavioral scores in IRI rats were
significantly lower compared to the control group while ILA improved the
neurobehavioral scores of the ILA groups. The cerebral infarction volume and
neural cell apoptosis of rats in the ILA groups decreased significantly compared
with those in the IRI group. In addition, MDA level in the ILA groups decreased
whereas SOD activity increased compared to the IRI group. Moreover, ILA also
inhibited the expression of TLR-4 and promoted the expression of IkB and A20.
ILA inhibited the apoptosis of neural cells, decreased cerebral infarction
volume, and reduced oxidative stress through inhibition of TLR-4/NF-kappa B
signaling, improving neurobehavioral scores. Thus from the present study it was
concluded that ILA has protective effect on CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Wanchao
- Cerebrovascular Disease Treatment Center, No.5 Tianjin Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ma Chen
- Cerebrovascular Disease Treatment Center, No.5 Tianjin Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Su Zhiguo
- Cerebrovascular Disease Treatment Center, No.5 Tianjin Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xie Futang
- Cerebrovascular Disease Treatment Center, No.5 Tianjin Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi Mengmeng
- Cerebrovascular Disease Treatment Center, No.5 Tianjin Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
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15
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Zhang J, Zhao D, Na N, Li H, Miao B, Hong L, Huang Z. Renoprotective effect of erythropoietin via modulation of the STAT6/MAPK/NF-κB pathway in ischemia/reperfusion injury after renal transplantation. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:25-32. [PMID: 29115389 PMCID: PMC5746301 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) commonly occurs in renal transplantation. Erythropoietin (EPO) exerts a protective effect in IRI. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanism, rat models of renal IRI were established and treated with EPO and/or lentivirus-mediated EPO-siRNA, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) inhibitor AS1517499, the JNK inhibitor SP600125, the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580, and the nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor lactacystin. Histological examination revealed that EPO protected the kidney from IRI, through decreasing the extent of tissue congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration; however, EPO siRNA did not exert the same protective effect. In addition, the EPO level was inversely associated with renal IRI. EPO downregulated the expression of interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, creatinine and caspase-3, and upregulated the expression of IL-10, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, STAT6, p-JNK and p-p38, while the opposite effects were observed with the administration of EPO-siRNA and the specific respective inhibitors. Further results revealed that MAPK (p-JNK and p-p38) acted upstream of NF-κB, and that NF-κB signaling regulated the expression of caspase-1 and -3, which may be responsible for the cytotoxicity associated with IRI. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that EPO exerted a protective effect in renal IRI via the STAT6/MAPK/NF-κB pathway. This protective effect of EPO may improve reperfusion tolerance in ischemic kidneys and benefit transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Daqiang Zhao
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ning Na
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Bin Miao
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Liangqing Hong
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyu Huang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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16
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Hernández CC, Burgos CF, Gajardo AH, Silva-Grecchi T, Gavilan J, Toledo JR, Fuentealba J. Neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin on neurodegenerative and ischemic brain diseases: the role of erythropoietin receptor. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1381-1389. [PMID: 29089974 PMCID: PMC5649449 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.215240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo) is a fundamental hormone in the regulation of hematopoiesis, and other secondary roles mediated by the binding of the hormone to its specific receptor (EpoR), which leads to an activation of key signaling pathways that induce an increase in cell differentiation, apoptosis control and neuroprotection. It has been suggested that their function depends on final conformation of glycosylations, related with affinity to the receptor and its half-life. The presence of EpoR has been reported in different tissues including central nervous system, where it has been demonstrated to exert a neuroprotective function against oxidative stress conditions, such as ischemic injury and neurodegenerative diseases. There is also evidence of an increase in EpoR expression in brain cell lysates of Alzheimer's patients with respect to healthy patients. These results are related with extensive in vitro experimental data of neuroprotection obtained from cell lines, primary cell cultures and hippocampal slices. Additionally, this data is correlated with in vivo experiments (water maze test) in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease where Epo treatment improved cognitive function. These studies support the idea that receptor activation induces a neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative disorders including dementias, and especially Alzheimer's disease. Taken together, available evidence suggests that Epo appears to be a central element for EpoR activation and neuroprotective properties in the central nervous system. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms associated with neuroprotection and its relation with the activation of EpoR in order with identify new targets to develop pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Castillo Hernández
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Felipe Burgos
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Angela Hidalgo Gajardo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Tiare Silva-Grecchi
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Javiera Gavilan
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Roberto Toledo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Abstract
The human brain requires uninterrupted delivery of blood-borne oxygen and nutrients to sustain its function. Focal ischemia, particularly, ischemic stroke, and global ischemia imposed by cardiac arrest disrupt the brain's fuel supply. The resultant ATP depletion initiates a complex injury cascade encompassing intracellular Ca2+ overload, glutamate excitotoxicity, oxido-nitrosative stress, extracellular matrix degradation, and inflammation, culminating in neuronal and astroglial necrosis and apoptosis, neurocognitive deficits, and even death. Unfortunately, brain ischemia has proven refractory to pharmacological intervention. Many promising treatments afforded brain protection in animal models of focal and global ischemia, but failed to improve survival and neurocognitive recovery of stroke and cardiac arrest patients in randomized clinical trials. The culprits are the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that limits transferral of medications to the brain parenchyma, and the sheer complexity of the injury cascade, which presents a daunting array of targets unlikely to respond to monotherapies. Erythropoietin is a powerful neuroprotectant capable of interrupting multiple aspects of the brain injury cascade. Preclinical research demonstrates erythropoietin's ability to suppress glutamate excitotoxicity and intracellular Ca2+ overload, dampen oxidative stress and inflammation, interrupt the apoptotic cascade, and preserve BBB integrity. However, the erythropoietin dosages required to traverse the BBB and achieve therapeutically effective concentrations in the brain parenchyma impose untoward side effects. Recent discoveries that hypoxia induces erythropoietin production within the brain and that neurons, astroglia, and cerebrovascular endothelium harbor membrane erythropoietin receptors, raise the exciting prospect of harnessing endogenous erythropoietin to protect the brain from the ravages of ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Mallet
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States.
| | - Myoung-Gwi Ryou
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States; Tarleton State University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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18
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Effects of Erythropoietin Administration on Adrenal Glands of Landrace/Large White Pigs after Ventricular Fibrillation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7261960. [PMID: 27504455 PMCID: PMC4967690 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7261960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To evaluate the effects of erythropoietin administration on the adrenal glands in a swine model of ventricular fibrillation and resuscitation. Methods. Ventricular fibrillation was induced via pacing wire forwarded into the right ventricle in 20 female Landrace/Large White pigs, allocated into 2 groups: experimental group treated with bolus dose of erythropoietin (EPO) and control group which received normal saline. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed immediately after drug administration as per the 2010 European Resuscitation Council (ERC) guidelines for Advanced Life Support (ALS) until return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) or death. Animals who achieved ROSC were monitored, mechanically ventilated, extubated, observed, and euthanized. At necroscopy, adrenal glands samples were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and routinely processed. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Results. Oedema and apoptosis were the most frequent histological changes and were detected in all animals in the adrenal cortex and in the medulla. Mild and focal endothelial lesions were also detected. A marked interindividual variability in the degree of the intensity of apoptosis and oedema at cortical and medullary level was observed within groups. Comparing the two groups, higher levels of pathological changes were detected in the control group. No significant difference between the two groups was observed regarding the endothelial changes. Conclusions. In animals exposed to ventricular fibrillation, EPO treatment has protective effects on the adrenal gland.
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19
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Cakiroglu F, Enders-Comberg SM, Pagel H, Rohwedel J, Lehnert H, Kramer J. Erythropoietin-enhanced endothelial progenitor cell recruitment in peripheral blood and renal vessels during experimental acute kidney injury in rats. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:298-307. [PMID: 26616141 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of erythropoietin (EPO) have been reported in acute kidney injury (AKI) when administered prior to induction of AKI. We studied the effects of EPO administration on renal function shortly after ischemic AKI. For this purpose, rats were subjected to renal ischemia for 30 min and EPO was administered at a concentration of 500 U/kg either i.v. as a single shot directly after ischemia or with an additional i.p. dose until 3 days after surgery. The results were compared with AKI rats without EPO application and a sham-operated group. Renal function was assessed by measurement of serum biochemical markers, histological grading, and using an isolated perfused kidney (IPK) model. Furthermore, we performed flow cytometry to analyze the concentration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the peripheral blood and renal vessels. Following EPO application, there was only a statistically non-significant tendency of serum creatinine and urea to improve, particularly after daily EPO application. Renal vascular resistance and the renal perfusion rate were not significantly altered. In the histological analysis, acute tubular necrosis was only marginally ameliorated following EPO administration. In summary, we could not demonstrate a significant improvement in renal function when EPO was applied after AKI. Interestingly, however, EPO treatment resulted in a highly significant increase in CD133- and CD34-positive EPC both in the peripheral blood and renal vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figen Cakiroglu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sora Maria Enders-Comberg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Horst Pagel
- Institute of Physiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rohwedel
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Kramer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Neubauer V, Wegleiter K, Posod A, Urbanek M, Wechselberger K, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Keller M, Griesmaier E. Delayed application of the haematopoietic growth factors G-CSF/SCF and FL reduces neonatal excitotoxic brain injury. Brain Res 2016; 1634:94-103. [PMID: 26772988 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental brain injury results in cognitive and motor deficits in the preterm infant. Enhanced glutamate release and subsequent receptor activation are major pathogenetic factors. The effect of haematopoietic growth factors, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), stem cell factor (SCF) and flt-3 ligand (FL) on neonatal brain injury is controversially discussed. Timing of treatment is known to be a crucial factor. Based on the hypothesis that an exacerbation of injury is caused by administration of substances in the acute phase, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of delayed administration of G-CSF/SCF and FL to protect against excitotoxic brain injury in vivo. METHODS In an established neonatal mouse model of excitotoxic brain injury, we evaluated the effect of daily intraperitoneal doses of G-CSF/SCF or FL, starting 60 h after the excitotoxic insult. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injections of G-CSF/SCF and FL, given 60 h after the excitotoxic insult, significantly reduced lesion size at postnatal days 10, 18 and 90. G-CSF/SCF treatment resulted in a decrease in apoptotic cell death indicated by reduced caspase-3 activation. G-CSF/SCF and FL treatment did not affect apoptosis-inducing factor-dependent apoptosis or cell proliferation. CONCLUSION We show that delayed systemic treatment with the haematopoietic growth factors G-CSF/SCF and FL protects against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated developmental excitotoxic brain damage. Our results suggest that neuroprotective effects in this neonatal animal model of excitotoxic brain injury depend on the timing of drug administration after the insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Neubauer
- Department of Paediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karina Wegleiter
- Department of Paediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Posod
- Department of Paediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Urbanek
- Department of Paediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karina Wechselberger
- Department of Paediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer
- Department of Paediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Keller
- Kinderklinik Dritter Orden, Munich Technical University, Bischof Altmann-Strasse 9, 94032 Passau, Germany
| | - Elke Griesmaier
- Department of Paediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Hsieh JT, Lei B, Sheng H, Venkatraman T, Lascola CD, Warner DS, James ML. Sex-Specific Effects of Progesterone on Early Outcome of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Neuroendocrinology 2016; 103:518-30. [PMID: 26356626 DOI: 10.1159/000440883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical evidence suggests that progesterone improves recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH); however, gonadal hormones have sex-specific effects. Therefore, an experimental model of ICH was used to assess recovery after progesterone administration in male and female rats. METHODS ICH was induced in male and female Wistar rats via stereotactic intrastriatal injection of clostridial collagenase (0.5 U). Animals were randomized to receive vehicle or 8 mg/kg progesterone intraperitoneally at 2 h, then subcutaneously at 5, 24, 48, and 72 h after injury. Outcomes included relevant physiology during the first 3 h, hemorrhage and edema evolution over the first 24 h, proinflammatory transcription factor and cytokine regulation at 24 h, rotarod latency and neuroseverity score over the first 7 days, and microglial activation/macrophage recruitment at 7 days after injury. RESULTS Rotarod latency (p = 0.001) and neuroseverity score (p = 0.01) were improved in progesterone-treated males, but worsened in progesterone-treated females (p = 0.028 and p = 0.008, respectively). Progesterone decreased cerebral edema (p = 0.04), microglial activation/macrophage recruitment (p < 0.001), and proinflammatory transcription factor phosphorylated nuclear factor-x03BA;B p65 expression (p = 0.0038) in males but not females, independent of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and toll-like receptor-4 expression. Cerebral perfusion was increased in progesterone-treated males at 4 h (p = 0.043) but not 24 h after injury. Hemorrhage volume, arterial blood gases, glucose, and systolic blood pressure were not affected. CONCLUSIONS Progesterone administration improved early neurobehavioral recovery and decreased secondary neuroinflammation after ICH in male rats. Paradoxically, progesterone worsened neurobehavioral recovery and did not modify neuroinflammation in female rats. Future work should isolate mechanisms of sex-specific progesterone effects after ICH.
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Nekoui A, Del Carmen Escalante Tresierra V, Abdolmohammadi S, Shedid D, Blaise G. Neuroprotective Effect of Erythropoietin in Postoperation Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: Case Report and Review. Anesth Pain Med 2015; 5:e28849. [PMID: 26705520 PMCID: PMC4688815 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.28849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New research shows shown that erythropoietin has neuro-protective effects. In preclinical trial and human clinical trials, it was demonstrated that erythropoietin is effective treatment for spinal cord injury. Early administration of medications after injury increases the hope of attenuating secondary damage and maximizing an improved outcome. CASE PRESENTATION A 42-year-old female patient presented with gait instability and progressive weakness in her right leg over a 6-year period. She was diagnosed as myelomalacia and was candidate for cervical discectomy. After surgery, she suffered from right hemiplegia due to spinal cord injury that did not respond well to routine treatment. Darbepoetin alpha (Aranesp) 100 mcg, subcutaneous daily for three days, was added to the patient's treatment seven days after trauma and resulted in rapid improvement. The patient recovered progressively and was discharged from the hospital ten days after erythropoietin therapy. CONCLUSIONS This case report supports the beneficial role of erythropoietin in function, maintenance, and recovery of neurons. Erythropoietin is a double-edge sword, as long-term erythropoietin therapy has some complications, like thromboembolism and stroke. Recent studies suggested that erythropoietin should be given as single high dose to exert a rapid neuro-protective effect with minimal hematopoietic side effects. We believe that the effects and other adverse consequences of erythropoietin and its non-erythropoietic derivatives should be evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nekoui
- Anesthesiology and Pain Management Department, Centre hospitalier de l’Universite de Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Sadegh Abdolmohammadi
- Anesthesiology and Pain Management Department, Centre hospitalier de l’Universite de Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Daniel Shedid
- Neurosurgery Department, Centre hospitalier de l’Universite de Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Gilbert Blaise
- Anesthesiology and Pain Management Department, Centre hospitalier de l’Universite de Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
- Corresponding author: Gilbert Blaise, Anesthesiology and Pain Management Department, Centre hospitalier de l’Universite de Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada. E-mail:
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Erythropoietin reduces acute lung injury and multiple organ failure/dysfunction associated to a scald-burn inflammatory injury in the rat. Inflammation 2015; 38:312-26. [PMID: 25270658 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is an endogenous regulator of erythropoiesis and is given exogenously as a replacement therapy for selected red blood cell disorders. In the past years, EPO has been emerging as a multifunctional, cytoprotective cytokine with anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. We aimed to evaluate the cytoprotective effect of rhEPO (recombinant human EPO) treatment on a rat model of multiorgan dysfunction induced by thermal injury. rhEPO was administered at 1000 U/kg (i.v.) 5 min prior to induction of injury and significantly reduced multiorgan dysfunction markers (liver, kidney, lung, serum cytokine levels). In the lung, rhEPO reduced: histological signs of tissue injury, inflammatory/injury markers on the bronchoalveolar fluid, neutrophil chemotaxis/infiltration, GSK-3β activation, and apoptosis. Our study showed that erythropoietin has the potential to exhibit pleiotropic cytoprotective effects and that it might be an interesting pharmacological strategy in the modulation of acute lung injury, such as the one associated to severe burn.
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Cardoso FL, Herz J, Fernandes A, Rocha J, Sepodes B, Brito MA, McGavern DB, Brites D. Systemic inflammation in early neonatal mice induces transient and lasting neurodegenerative effects. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:82. [PMID: 25924675 PMCID: PMC4440597 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The inflammatory mediator lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been shown to induce acute gliosis in neonatal mice. However, the progressive effects on the murine neurodevelopmental program over the week that follows systemic inflammation are not known. Thus, we investigated the effects of repeated LPS administration in the first postnatal week in mice, a condition mimicking sepsis in late preterm infants, on the developing central nervous system (CNS). Methods Systemic inflammation was induced by daily intraperitoneal administration (i.p.) of LPS (6 mg/kg) in newborn mice from postnatal day (PND) 4 to PND6. The effects on neurodevelopment were examined by staining the white matter and neurons with Luxol Fast Blue and Cresyl Violet, respectively. The inflammatory response was assessed by quantifying the expression/activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, high mobility group box (HMGB)-1, and autotaxin (ATX). In addition, B6 CX3CR1gfp/+ mice combined with cryo-immunofluorescence were used to determine the acute, delayed, and lasting effects on myelination, microglia, and astrocytes. Results LPS administration led to acute body and brain weight loss as well as overt structural changes in the brain such as cerebellar hypoplasia, neuronal loss/shrinkage, and delayed myelination. The impaired myelination was associated with alterations in the proliferation and differentiation of NG2 progenitor cells early after LPS administration, rather than with excessive phagocytosis by CNS myeloid cells. In addition to disruptions in brain architecture, a robust inflammatory response to LPS was observed. Quantification of inflammatory biomarkers revealed decreased expression of ATX with concurrent increases in HMGB1, TLR-4, and MMP-9 expression levels. Acute astrogliosis (GFAP+ cells) in the brain parenchyma and at the microvasculature interface together with parenchymal microgliosis (CX3CR1+ cells) were also observed. These changes preceded the migration/proliferation of CX3CR1+ cells around the vessels at later time points and the subsequent loss of GFAP+ astrocytes. Conclusion Collectively, our study has uncovered a complex innate inflammatory reaction and associated structural changes in the brains of neonatal mice challenged peripherally with LPS. These findings may explain some of the neurobehavioral abnormalities that develop following neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa L Cardoso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Jasmin Herz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1430, USA.
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - João Rocha
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Bruno Sepodes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Maria A Brito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1430, USA.
| | - Dora Brites
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Ratilal BO, Rocha JPF, Fernandes AMA, Arroja MMC, Barateiro AP, Brites DMTO, Pinto RMA, Sepodes BMN, Mota-Filipe HD. TDZD-8 pre-treatment in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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