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Pickering AJ, Lamson NG, Marand MH, Hwang W, Straehla JP, Hammond PT. Layer-by-Layer Polymer Functionalization Improves Nanoparticle Penetration and Glioblastoma Targeting in the Brain. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24154-24169. [PMID: 37992211 PMCID: PMC10964212 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is characterized by diffuse infiltration into surrounding healthy brain tissues, which makes it challenging to treat. Complete surgical resection is often impossible, and systemically delivered drugs cannot achieve adequate tumor exposure to prevent local recurrence. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) offers a method for administering therapeutics directly into brain tumor tissue, but its impact has been limited by rapid clearance and off-target cellular uptake. Nanoparticle (NP) encapsulation presents a promising strategy for extending the retention time of locally delivered therapies while specifically targeting glioblastoma cells. However, the brain's extracellular structure poses challenges for NP distribution due to its narrow, tortuous pores and a harsh ionic environment. In this study, we investigated the impact of NP surface chemistry using layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly to design drug carriers for broad spatial distribution in brain tissue and specific glioblastoma cell targeting. We found that poly-l-glutamate and hyaluronate were effective surface chemistries for targeting glioblastoma cells in vitro. Coadsorbing either polymer with a small fraction of PEGylated polyelectrolytes improved the colloidal stability without sacrificing cancer cell selectivity. Following CED in vivo, gadolinium-functionalized LbL NPs enabled MRI visualization and exhibited a distribution volume up to three times larger than liposomes and doubled the retention half-time up to 13.5 days. Flow cytometric analysis of CED-treated murine orthotopic brain tumors indicated greater cancer cell uptake and reduced healthy cell uptake for LbL NPs compared to nonfunctionalized liposomes. The distinct cellular outcomes for different colayered LbL NPs provide opportunities to tailor this modular delivery system for various therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Pickering
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicholas G. Lamson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael H. Marand
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Wei Hwang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joelle P. Straehla
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paula T. Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Aquilina K, Chakrapani A, Carr L, Kurian MA, Hargrave D. Convection-Enhanced Delivery in Children: Techniques and Applications. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg 2022; 45:199-228. [PMID: 35976451 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-99166-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since its first description in 1994, convection-enhanced delivery (CED) has become a reliable method of administering drugs directly into the brain parenchyma. More predictable and effective than simple diffusion, CED bypasses the challenging boundary of the blood brain barrier, which has frustrated many attempts at delivering large molecules or polymers into the brain parenchyma. Although most of the clinical work with CED has been carried out on adults with incurable neoplasms, principally glioblastoma multiforme, an increasing number of studies have recognized its potential for paediatric applications, which now include treatment of currently incurable brain tumours such as diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), as well as metabolic and neurotransmitter diseases. The roadmap for the development of hardware and use of pharmacological agents in CED has been well-established, and some neurosurgical centres throughout the world have successfully undertaken clinical trials, admittedly mostly early phase, on the basis of in vitro, small animal and large animal pre-clinical foundations. However, the clinical efficacy of CED, although theoretically logical, has yet to be unequivocally demonstrated in a clinical trial; this applies particularly to neuro-oncology.This review aims to provide a broad description of the current knowledge of CED as applied to children. It reviews published studies of paediatric CED in the context of its wider history and developments and underlines the challenges related to the development of hardware, the selection of pharmacological agents, and gene therapy. It also reviews the difficulties related to the development of clinical trials involving CED and looks towards its potential disease-modifying opportunities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aquilina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
| | - A Chakrapani
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Carr
- Department of Neurology and Neurodisability, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - M A Kurian
- Department of Neurology and Neurodisability, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
- Neurogenetics Group, Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - D Hargrave
- Cancer Group, UCL-Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Mary AS, Raghavan VS, Kagula S, Krishnakumar V, Kannan M, Gorthi SS, Rajaram K. Enhanced In Vitro Wound Healing Using PVA/B-PEI Nanofiber Mats: A Promising Wound Therapeutic Agent against ESKAPE and Opportunistic Pathogens. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8466-8476. [PMID: 35005922 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Opportunistic skin pathogens and their resistance to pre-existing therapeutics are a challenge to normal physiological wound healing processes. Consistent development of antimicrobial agents is required to overcome the complications raised by antimicrobial resistance. An effective alternative proposed in recent research includes the use of antimicrobial nanoparticles or nanobiopolymers. Unfortunately, metallic nanoparticles that have been proven as antimicrobial agents also possess a certain level of toxicity. In this work, we demonstrate the use of a cationic polymer, branched polyethyleneimine (B-PEI), that has been electrospun to obtain a scaffold/fiber (B-PEI NF) mat resulting in a large surface area-to-volume ratio. SEM analysis revealed that the average diameter of the obtained fibers is 240 nm. The formation of nanoscaffold modulates the controlled release of the polymer from the matrix resulting in long-term effects. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the B-PEI nanofiber (B-PEI NF) was evaluated against ESKAPE pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus) and also against Candida albicans. Dose-dependent inhibition was observed for microbial growth and biofilm for all three test organisms, the minimum inhibitory concentration required for inhibiting P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and C. albicans is 33.125, 26.5, and 19.875 μM, respectively, in 2 mL of bacterial/fungal broth. Crystal violet and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays showed significant reduction in biomass and cell viability of sessile cells, respectively, within the biofilm after treatment using B-PEI NFs. A B-PEI NF matrix promotes cell migration and wound healing processes by mimicking the extracellular matrix. In vitro wound healing studies showed a fivefold increase in cell migration and wound healing by B-PEI NFs (97% wound coverage in 17 h) when compared to B-PEI (15% wound coverage in 17 h). The in vitro wound healing assays confirmed the biocompatibility and better wound healing activity of B-PEI NF mats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarcha Shanmugha Mary
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
| | - Vikram Srinivasa Raghavan
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sirisha Kagula
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
| | - Vinodhini Krishnakumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
| | - Meganathan Kannan
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
| | - Sai Siva Gorthi
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Rajaram
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
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Bellat V, Alcaina Y, Tung CH, Ting R, Michel AO, Souweidane M, Law B. A combined approach of convection-enhanced delivery of peptide nanofiber reservoir to prolong local DM1 retention for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma treatment. Neuro Oncol 2020; 22:1495-1504. [PMID: 32301996 PMCID: PMC7566426 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a highly lethal malignancy that occurs predominantly in children. DIPG is inoperable and post-diagnosis survival is less than 1 year, as conventional chemotherapy is ineffective. The intact blood-brain barrier (BBB) blocks drugs from entering the brain. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a direct infusion technique delivering drugs to the brain, but it suffers from rapid drug clearance. Our goal is to overcome the delivery barrier via CED and maintain a therapeutic concentration at the glioma site with a payload-adjustable peptide nanofiber precursor (NFP) that displays a prolonged retention property as a drug carrier. METHODS The post-CED retention of 89Zr-NFP was determined in real time using PET/CT imaging. Emtansine (DM1), a microtubule inhibitor, was conjugated to NFP. The cytotoxicity of the resulting DM1-NFP was tested against patient-derived DIPG cell lines. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in animals bearing orthotopic DIPG, according to glioma growth (measured using bioluminescence imaging) and the long-term survival. RESULTS DM1-NFP demonstrated potency against multiple glioma cell lines. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration values were in the nanomolar range. NFP remained at the infusion site (pons) for weeks, with a clearance half-life of 60 days. DM1-NFP inhibited glioma progression in animals, and offered a survival benefit (median survival of 62 days) compared with the untreated controls (28 days) and DM1-treated animal group (26 days). CONCLUSIONS CED, in combination with DM1-NFP, complementarily functions to bypass the BBB, prolong drug retention at the fusion site, and maintain an effective therapeutic effect against DIPG to improve treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bellat
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yago Alcaina
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ching-Hsuan Tung
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Richard Ting
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Adam O Michel
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Center of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mark Souweidane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Benedict Law
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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Convection Enhanced Delivery for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: Review of a Single Institution Experience. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070660. [PMID: 32674336 PMCID: PMC7407112 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are a pontine subtype of diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs), primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors of childhood that carry a terrible prognosis. Because of the highly infiltrative growth pattern and the anatomical position, cytoreductive surgery is not an option. An initial response to radiation therapy is invariably followed by recurrence; mortality occurs approximately 11 months after diagnosis. The development of novel therapeutics with great preclinical promise has been hindered by the tightly regulated blood-brain barrier (BBB), which segregates the tumor comportment from the systemic circulation. One possible solution to this obstacle is the use of convection enhanced delivery (CED), a local delivery strategy that bypasses the BBB by direct infusion into the tumor through a small caliber cannula. We have recently shown CED to be safe in children with DIPG (NCT01502917). In this review, we discuss our experience with CED, its advantages, and technical advancements that are occurring in the field. We also highlight hurdles that will likely need to be overcome in demonstrating clinical benefit with this therapeutic strategy.
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Yokel RA. Nanoparticle brain delivery: a guide to verification methods. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:409-432. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many reports conclude nanoparticle (NP) brain entry based on bulk brain analysis. Bulk brain includes blood, cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels within the brain contributing to the blood–brain and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barriers. Considering the brain as neurons, glia and their extracellular space (brain parenchyma), most studies did not show brain parenchymal NP entry. Blood–brain and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barriers anatomy and function are reviewed. Methods demonstrating brain parenchymal NP entry are presented. Results demonstrating bulk brain versus brain parenchymal entry are classified. Studies are reviewed, critiqued and classified to illustrate results demonstrating bulk brain versus parenchymal entry. Brain, blood and peripheral organ NP timecourses are compared and related to brain parenchymal entry evidence suggesting brain NP timecourse informs about brain parenchymal entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Yokel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
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Tosi U, Kommidi H, Bellat V, Marnell CS, Guo H, Adeuyan O, Schweitzer ME, Chen N, Su T, Zhang G, Maachani UB, Pisapia DJ, Law B, Souweidane MM, Ting R. Real-Time, in Vivo Correlation of Molecular Structure with Drug Distribution in the Brain Striatum Following Convection Enhanced Delivery. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2287-2298. [PMID: 30838861 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a major obstacle in delivering therapeutics to brain lesions. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED), a method that bypasses the BBB through direct, cannula-mediated drug delivery, is one solution to maintaining increased, effective drug concentration at these lesions. CED was recently proven safe in a phase I clinical trial against diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), a childhood cancer. Unfortunately, the exact relationship between drug size, charge, and pharmacokinetic behavior in the brain parenchyma are difficult to observe in vivo. PET imaging of CED-delivered agents allows us to determine these relationships. In this study, we label different modifications of the PDGFRA inhibitor dasatinib with fluorine-18 or via a nanofiber-zirconium-89 system so that the effect of drug structure on post-CED behavior can accurately be tracked in vivo, via PET. Relatively unchanged bioactivity is confirmed in patient- and animal-model-derived cell lines of DIPG. In naïve mice, significant individual variability in CED drug clearance is observed, highlighting a need to accurately understand drug behavior during clinical translation. Generally, the half-life for a drug to clear from a CED site is short for low molecular weight dasatinib analogs that bare different charge; 1-3 (1, 32.2 min (95% CI: 27.7-37.8), 2, 44.8 min (27.3-80.8), and 3, 71.7 min (48.6-127.6) minutes) and is much longer for a dasatinib-nanofiber conjugate, 5, (42.8-57.0 days). Positron emission tomography allows us to accurately measure the effect of drug size and charge in monitoring real-time drug behavior in the brain parenchyma of live specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Tosi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Harikrishna Kommidi
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Vanessa Bellat
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Christopher S. Marnell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Oluwaseyi Adeuyan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Melanie E. Schweitzer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Nandi Chen
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Taojunfeng Su
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Guoan Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Uday B. Maachani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - David J. Pisapia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Benedict Law
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Mark M. Souweidane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Richard Ting
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
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