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Şık N, Bulut SK, Şalbaş ÖY, Yılmaz D, Duman M. Evaluation of traumatic spinal injuries: a pediatric perspective. Childs Nerv Syst 2024:10.1007/s00381-024-06447-z. [PMID: 38856745 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-024-06447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study is to provide information about pediatric patients with spinal trauma. METHODS A single-center retrospective chart review was carried out. Children who arrived at the pediatric emergency department due to trauma and those with spinal pathology confirmed by radiological assessment were included. Demographics, mechanisms of trauma, clinical findings, radiological investigations, applied treatments, hospital stay and prognosis were recorded. RESULTS A total of 105 patients [59 (56.2%) boys; mean age: 12.9 ± 3.8 years (mean ± SD)] were included. The most common age group was that of 14-18 years (58.1%). The three most common trauma mechanisms were road traffic collisions (RTCs) (60.0%), falls (32.4%), and diving into water (2.9%). A fracture of the spine was detected in 97.1% patients, vertebral dislocation in 10.7%, and spinal cord injury in 16.3%. Of the patients, 36.9% were admitted to the ward and 18.4% to the pediatric intensive care unit; 17.1% were discharged with severe complications and 2.9% cases resulted in death. While 34.3% of the patients had a clinically isolated spine injury, the remaining cases entailed an injury to at least one other body part; the most common associated injuries were to the head (39.8%), abdomen (36.1%), and external areas (28.0%). CONCLUSION Spinal trauma was found to have occurred mostly in adolescent males, and the majority of those cases were due to RTCs. Data on the incidence and demographic factors of pediatric spinal trauma are crucial in furthering preventive measures, allowing for the identification of at-risk populations and treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Şık
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Care, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sena Kalkan Bulut
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Özge Yıldırım Şalbaş
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Durgül Yılmaz
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Care, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Duman
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Care, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Cunha NSC, Malvea A, Sadat S, Ibrahim GM, Fehlings MG. Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury: A Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1456. [PMID: 37761417 PMCID: PMC10530251 DOI: 10.3390/children10091456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A spinal cord injury (SCI) can be a devastating condition in children, with profound implications for their overall health and quality of life. In this review, we aim to provide a concise overview of the key aspects associated with SCIs in the pediatric population. Firstly, we discuss the etiology and epidemiology of SCIs in children, highlighting the diverse range of causes. We explore the unique anatomical and physiological characteristics of the developing spinal cord that contribute to the specific challenges faced by pediatric patients. Next, we delve into the clinical presentation and diagnostic methods, emphasizing the importance of prompt and accurate diagnosis to facilitate appropriate interventions. Furthermore, we approach the multidisciplinary management of pediatric SCIs, encompassing acute medical care, surgical interventions, and ongoing supportive therapies. Finally, we explore emerging research as well as innovative therapies in the field, and we emphasize the need for continued advancements in understanding and treating SCIs in children to improve their functional independence and overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anahita Malvea
- Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada;
| | - Sarah Sadat
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada;
| | - George M. Ibrahim
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1E8, Canada;
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada;
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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3
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Zeng L, Wang YL, Shen XT, Zhang ZC, Huang GX, Alshorman J, Serebour TB, Tator CH, Sun TS, Zhang YZ, Guo XD. Guidelines for management of pediatric acute hyperextension spinal cord injury. Chin J Traumatol 2023; 26:2-7. [PMID: 36137934 PMCID: PMC9912180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric acute hyperextension spinal cord injury (SCI) named as PAHSCI by us, is a special type of thoracolumbar SCI without radiographic abnormality and highly related to back-bend in dance training, which has been increasingly reported. At present, it has become the leading cause of SCI in children, and brings a heavy social and economic burden. Both domestic and foreign academic institutions and dance education organizations lack a correct understanding of PAHSCI and relevant standards, specifications or guidelines. In order to provide standardized guidance, the expert team formulated this guideline based on the principles of science and practicability, starting from the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, etiology, admission evaluation, treatment, complications and prevention. This guideline puts forward 23 recommendations for 14 related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Tao Shen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Gui-Xiong Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jamal Alshorman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tracy Boakye Serebour
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Charles H. Tator
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tian-Sheng Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China,Corresponding author. suntiansheng-@163.cm
| | - Ying-Ze Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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4
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Clinical characteristics and treatment of spinal cord injury in children and adolescents. Chin J Traumatol 2023; 26:8-13. [PMID: 35478089 PMCID: PMC9912187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric and adult spinal cord injuries (SCI) are distinct entities. Children and adolescents with SCI must suffer from lifelong disabilities, which is a heavy burden on patients, their families and the society. There are differences in Chinese and foreign literature reports on the incidence, injury mechanism and prognosis of SCI in children and adolescents. In addition to traumatic injuries such as car accidents and falls, the proportion of sports injuries is increasing. The most common sports injury is the backbend during dance practice. Compared with adults, children and adolescents are considered to have a greater potential for neurological improvement. The pathogenesis and treatment of pediatric SCI remains unclear. The mainstream view is that the mechanism of nerve damage in pediatric SCI include flexion, hyperextension, longitudinal distraction and ischemia. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of drugs such as methylprednisolone in the treatment of pediatric SCI and the indications and timing of surgery. In addition, the complications of pediatric SCI are also worthy of attention. New imaging techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion tensor tractography may be used for diagnosis and assessment of prognosis. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, imaging, clinical characteristics, treatment and complications of SCI in children and adolescents. Although current treatment cannot completely restore neurological function, patient quality of life can be enhanced. Continued developments and advances in the research of SCI may eventually provide a cure for children and adolescents with this kind of injury.
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Zhong Z, Wang X, Xu K, Tao J. Clinical Efficacy of Retroauricular Injection of Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate in the Treatment of Sudden Deafness with Type 2 Diabetes. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3097436. [PMID: 35912152 PMCID: PMC9337928 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3097436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The etiology of sudden deafness is still unclear. In recent years, people's life rhythm is getting faster and faster. Fatigue, environment, diet, psychology, and other factors have increased the morbidity rate of sudden deafness and improved the quality of life of patients. And work efficiency is greatly affected. Aims A study to investigate the clinical efficacy of postauricular injection of methylprednisolone sodium succinate in the treatment of sudden deafness with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods Sixty patients with sudden deafness who were treated in our hospital from January 2018 to October 2020 were selected as the subjects of this prospective study and divided into 30 cases each in the comparison group and the observation group according to the random number remainder grouping method. The comparison group was treated conventionally, and the observation group was treated with postauricular injection of methylprednisolone sodium succinate on the basis of the comparison group. Patients in the two groups were observed and compared on the 3rd, 6th, and 9th days after treatment with pure-tone hearing threshold checks and regular monitoring of blood glucose, blood rheology, and other indexes. Results On the 7th, 14th, and 30th days after treatment, the pure-tone audiometric thresholds of the two groups were gradually decreased, and the changes in the pure-tone audiometric thresholds in the observation group were greater than those in the control group. After lunch on the 6th day and after lunch on the 9th day, it was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). 30 days after treatment, the blood viscosity, fibrin, and platelet aggregation rate of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group. After treatment, the clinical efficacy rate of the observation group was 96%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group, 80%, and the above differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Treatment with postauricular injection of methylprednisolone sodium succinate has shown better therapeutic recovery in patients with sudden deafness, improved pure-tone hearing threshold, reduced risk of blood glucose elevation, and improved clinical outcomes for patients with sudden deafness, providing some reference for the treatment of patients with sudden deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, 323000 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, 323000 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kairui Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, 323000 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, 323000 Zhejiang Province, China
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Lu D, Yang Y, Zhang P, Ma Z, Li W, Song Y, Feng H, Yu W, Ren F, Li T, Zeng H, Wang J. Development and Application of Three-Dimensional Bioprinting Scaffold in the Repair of Spinal Cord Injury. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:1113-1127. [PMID: 35767151 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling and destructive central nervous system injury that has not yet been successfully treated at this stage. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has become a promising method to produce more biologically complex microstructures, which fabricate living neural constructs with anatomically accurate complex geometries and spatial distributions of neural stem cells, and this is critical in the treatment of SCI. With the development of 3D printing technology and the deepening of research, neural tissue engineering research using different printing methods, bio-inks, and cells to repair SCI has achieved certain results. Although satisfactory results have not yet been achieved, they have provided novel ideas for the clinical treatment of SCI. Considering the potential impact of 3D bioprinting technology on neural studies, this review focuses on 3D bioprinting methods widely used in SCI neural tissue engineering, and the latest technological applications of bioprinting of nerve tissues for the repair of SCI are discussed. In addition to introducing the recent progress, this work also describes the existing limitations and highlights emerging possibilities and future prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Lu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Zhenjiang Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yan Song
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Haiyang Feng
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Wenqiang Yu
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Fuchao Ren
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hong Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Firat T, Kukner A, Ayturk N, Gezici AR, Serin E, Ozogul C, Tore F. The Potential Therapeutic Effects of Agmatine, Methylprednisolone, and Rapamycin on Experimental Spinal Cord Injury. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:701-707. [PMID: 34939764 PMCID: PMC8665976 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In spinal cord injury (SCI), the primary mechanical damage leads to a neuroinflammatory response and the secondary neuronal injury occurs in response to the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition to the suppression of inflammation, autophagy plays a significant role in the survival of neurons during secondary SCI. The present study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory and autophagic effects of agmatine and rapamycin in SCI and to compare the results with methylprednisolone (MP) used in the clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this animal-based experimental study, thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups as sham-control, injury, injury+MP, injury+rapamycin, injury+agmatine groups. SCI was induced by compressing the T7-8-9 segments of the spinal cord, using an aneurysm clip for one minute, and then rats were treated daily for 7 days. Seven days post-treatment, damaged spinal cord tissues of sacrificed rats were collected for microscopic and biochemical examinations using histopathologic and transmission electron microscope (TEM) scores. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were spectrophotometrically measured. RESULTS The results of this study showed that the damaged area was smaller in the rapamycin group when compared to the MP group. Many autophagic vacuoles and macrophages were observed in the rapamycin group. Degeneration of axon, myelin, and wide edema was observed in SCI by electron microscopic observations. Fragmented myelin lamellae and contracted axons were also noted. While MDA and GPx levels were increased in the injury group, MDA levels were significantly decreased in the agmatine and MP groups, and GPx levels were decreased in the rapamycin group. CONCLUSION The results of our study confirmed that rapamycin and agmatine can be an effective treatment for secondary injury of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulin Firat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
| | - Aysel Kukner
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nilufer Ayturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Ali Rıza Gezici
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Erdinc Serin
- Department of Biochemistry, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioğlu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Candan Ozogul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, Cyprus
| | - Fatma Tore
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cerqueira SR, Ayad NG, Lee JK. Neuroinflammation Treatment via Targeted Delivery of Nanoparticles. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:576037. [PMID: 33192321 PMCID: PMC7555434 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.576037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective treatments for most neurological diseases has prompted the search for novel therapeutic options. Interestingly, neuroinflammation is emerging as a common feature to target in most CNS pathologies. Recent studies suggest that targeted delivery of small molecules to reduce neuroinflammation can be beneficial. However, suboptimal drug delivery to the CNS is a major barrier to modulate inflammation because neurotherapeutic compounds are currently being delivered systemically without spatial or temporal control. Emerging nanomaterial technologies are providing promising and superior tools to effectively access neuropathological tissue in a controlled manner. Here we highlight recent advances in nanomaterial technologies for drug delivery to the CNS. We propose that state-of-the-art nanoparticle drug delivery platforms can significantly impact local CNS bioavailability of pharmacological compounds and treat neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana R Cerqueira
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nagi G Ayad
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jae K Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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9
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Dihydroxyacetone of wheat root exudates serves as an attractant for Heterodera avenae. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236317. [PMID: 32702002 PMCID: PMC7377440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterodera avenae, as an obligate endoparasite, causes severe yield loss in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Investigation on the mechanisms how H. avenae perceives wheat roots is limited. Here, the attractiveness of root exudates from eight plant genotypes to H. avenae were evaluated on agar plates. Results showed that the attraction of H. avenae to the root exudates from the non-host Brachypodium distachyon variety Bd21-3 was the highest, approximately 50 infective second-stage juveniles (J2s) per plate, followed by that from three H. avenae-susceptible wheat varieties, Zhengmai9023, Yanmai84 and Xiangmai25, as well as the resistant one of Xinyuan958, whereas the lowest attractive activity was observed in the two H. avenae-resistant wheat varieties, Xianmai20 (approximately 12 J2s/plate) and Liangxing66 (approximately 11 J2s/plate). Then Bd21-3, Zhengmai9023 and Heng4399 were selected for further assays as their different attractiveness and resistance to H. avenae, and attractants for H. avenae in their root exudates were characterized to be heat-labile and low-molecular compounds (LM) by behavioral bioassay. Based on these properties of the attractants, a principle of identifying attractants for H. avenae was set up. Then LM of six root exudates from the three plants with and without heating were separated and analyzed by HPLC-MS. Finally, dihydroxyacetone (DHA), methylprednisolone succinate, embelin and diethylpropionin in the root exudates were identified to be putative attractants for H. avenae according to the principle, and the attraction of DHA to H. avenae was validated by behavioral bioassay on agar. Our study enhances the recognition to the orientation mechanism of H. avenae towards wheat roots.
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10
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The Effect of Four Weeks of Low-Level Laser Radiation (660 nm) on Movement Recovery and Fibroblasts Invasion. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.87225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Pereira IM, Marote A, Salgado AJ, Silva NA. Filling the Gap: Neural Stem Cells as A Promising Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020065. [PMID: 31035689 PMCID: PMC6631328 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to severe motor, sensory and social impairments having a huge impact on patients’ lives. The complex and time-dependent SCI pathophysiology has been hampering the development of novel and effective therapies. Current treatment options include surgical interventions, to stabilize and decompress the spinal cord, and rehabilitative care, without providing a cure for these patients. Novel therapies have been developed targeting different stages during trauma. Among them, cell-based therapies hold great potential for tissue regeneration after injury. Neural stem cells (NSCs), which are multipotent cells with inherent differentiation capabilities committed to the neuronal lineage, are especially relevant to promote and reestablish the damaged neuronal spinal tracts. Several studies demonstrate the regenerative effects of NSCs in SCI after transplantation by providing neurotrophic support and restoring synaptic connectivity. Therefore, human clinical trials have already been launched to assess safety in SCI patients. Here, we review NSC-based experimental studies in a SCI context and how are they currently being translated into human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Ana Marote
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Nuno A Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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12
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Zong ZW, Qin H, Chen SX, Yang JZ, Yang L, Zhang L, Du WQ, Zhong X, Zhou RJ, Tan D, Wu H. Chinese expert consensus on the treatment of modern combat-related spinal injuries. Mil Med Res 2019; 6:6. [PMID: 30786926 PMCID: PMC6381715 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-019-0196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The battlefield treatments of spinal and spinal cord injury vary from civilian settings. However, there is no unified battlefield treatment guidelines for spine trauma in PLA. An expert consensus is reached, based on spine trauma epidemiology and the concepts of battlefield treatment combined with the existing levels of military medical care in modern warfare. Since the specialized treatment for spine trauma are no significant difference between civilian settings and modern war, the first aid, emergency treatment and early treatment of spine trauma are introduced separately in three levels in this consensus. In Level I facilities, the fast and accurate evaluation of spine trauma followed by fixation and stabilization are recommended during the first-aid stage. Re-evaluation, further treatment for possible hemorrhagic shock, dyspnea and infection are recommended at Level II facilities. At Level III facilities, it is recommended to strengthen the intensive care and the prevention of urinary system and lung infection for the wounded with severe spinal injury, however, spinal surgery is not recommended in a battlefield hospital. The grading standard for evidence evaluation and recommendation was used to reach this expert consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Wen Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Hao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Si-Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jia-Zhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Tactical Health Service, NCO School of Army Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Wen-Qiong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ren-Jie Zhou
- Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Dan Tan
- Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
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