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Graffeo CS, Kotecha R, Sahgal A, Fariselli L, Gorgulho A, Levivier M, Ma L, Paddick I, Regis J, Sheehan JP, Suh JH, Yomo S, Pollock BE. Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Intermediate (III) or High (IV-V) Spetzler-Martin Grade Arteriovenous Malformations: International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society Practice Guideline. Neurosurgery 2024:00006123-990000000-01279. [PMID: 38989995 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000003102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Consensus guidelines do not exist to guide the role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the management of patients with Spetzler-Martin Grade III-V arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). We sought to establish SRS practice guidelines for Grade III-V AVMs based on a critical systematic review of the published literature. METHODS A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-compliant search of Medline, Embase, and Scopus, 1986 to 2023, for publications reporting post-SRS outcomes in ≥10 Grade III-V AVMs with the median follow-up ≥24 months was performed. Primary end points were AVM obliteration and post-SRS hemorrhage. Secondary end points included dosimetric variables, Spetzler-Martin parameters, and neurological outcome. RESULTS : In total, 2463 abstracts were screened, 196 manuscripts were reviewed, and 9 met the strict inclusion criteria. The overall sample of 1634 AVMs consisted of 1431 Grade III (88%), 186 Grade IV (11%), and 11 Grade V lesions (1%). Total median post-SRS follow-up was 53 months for Grade III and 43 months for Grade IV-V AVMs (ranges, 2-290; 12-262). For Grade III AVMs, the crude obliteration rate was 72%, and among Grade IV-V lesions, the crude obliteration rate was 46%. Post-SRS hemorrhage was observed in 7% of Grade III compared with 17% of Grade IV-V lesions. Major permanent deficits or death from hemorrhage or radiation-induced complications occurred in 86 Grade III (6%) and 22 Grade IV-V AVMs (12%). CONCLUSION Most patients with Spetzler-Martin Grade III AVMs have favorable SRS treatment outcomes; however, the obliteration rate for Grade IV-V AVMs is less than 50%. The available studies are heterogenous and lack nuanced, long-term, grade-specific outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Graffeo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rupesh Kotecha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Fariselli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Unit of Radiotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gorgulho
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of São Paulo, NeuroSapiens Group, São Paulo, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marc Levivier
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ian Paddick
- Queen Square Radiosurgery Centre, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Jean Regis
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR1106, Marseille, France
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - John H Suh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shoji Yomo
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Aizawa Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aizawa Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Bruce E Pollock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Brunozzi D, Stone McGuire L, Hossa J, Atwal G, Charbel FT, Alaraj A. Preoperative embolization of brain arteriovenous malformation and efficacy in intraoperative blood loss reduction: a quantitative study. J Neurointerv Surg 2024; 16:541-547. [PMID: 37402571 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2023-020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) is often used as adjuvant therapy to microsurgical resection to reduce the high-risk features of bAVMs such as large size and high flow. However, the effect of preoperative embolization on surgical performance and patient outcome has shown mixed results. Heterogeneity in treatment goals, selection criteria, and unpredictable changes in bAVM hemodynamics after partial embolization may account for these uncertain findings. In this study we use an objective quantitative technique to assess the impact of preoperative embolization on intraoperative blood loss (IBL). METHODS Patients with bAVM treated with microsurgical resection only or in combination with preoperative embolization from 2012 to 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included if quantitative magnetic resonance angiography was performed prior to any treatment. Correlation of baseline bAVM flow, volume, and IBL was evaluated between the two groups. Additionally, bAVM flow prior to and after embolization was compared. RESULTS Forty-three patients were included, 31 of whom required preoperative embolization (20 had more than one session). Mean bAVM initial flow (362.3 mL/min vs 89.6 mL/min, p=0.001) and volume (9.6 mL vs 2.8 mL, p=0.001) were significantly higher in the preoperative embolization group; flow decreased significantly after embolization (408.0 mL/min vs 139.5 mL/min, p<0.001). IBL was comparable between the two groups (258.6 mL vs 141.3 mL, p=0.17). Linear regression continued to show a significant difference in initial bAVM flow (p=0.03) but no significant difference in IBL (p=0.53). CONCLUSION Patients with larger bAVMs who underwent preoperative embolization had comparable IBL to those with smaller bAVMs undergoing only surgical treatment. Preoperative embolization of high-flow bAVMs facilitates surgical resection, reducing the risk of IBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Brunozzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laura Stone McGuire
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jessica Hossa
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gursant Atwal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fady T Charbel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ali Alaraj
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Ferreira MY, Mitre LP, Bishay AE, Batista S, Palavani LB, Oliveira LB, Semione G, Andreão FF, Porto Junior S, Sousa MP, Borges PGLB, Camerotte R, Bertani R, Lawton MT, Figueiredo EG. Enhancing the quality of evidence, comparability, and reproducibility in brain arteriovenous malformations treated with open surgery research: a systematic review and proposal of a reporting guideline for surgical and clinical outcomes. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:174. [PMID: 38643293 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (bAVMs) are rare but high-risk developmental anomalies of the vascular system. Microsurgery through craniotomy is believed to be the mainstay standard treatment for many grades of bAVMs. However, a significant challenge emerges in the existing body of clinical studies on open surgery for bAVMs: the lack of reproducibility and comparability. This study aims to assess the quality of studies reporting clinical and surgical outcomes for bAVMs treated by open surgery and develop a reporting guideline checklist focusing on essential elements to ensure comparability and reproducibility. This is a systematic literature review that followed the PRISMA guidelines with the search in Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases, for studies published between January 1, 2018, and December 1, 2023. Included studies were scrutinized focusing on seven domains: (1) Assessment of How Studies Reported on the Baseline Characteristics of the Patient Sample; (2) Assessment and reporting on bAVMs grading, anatomical characteristics, and radiological aspects; (3) Angioarchitecture Assessment and Reporting; (4) Reporting on Pivotal Concepts Definitions; (5) Reporting on Neurosurgeon(s) and Staff Characteristics; (6) Reporting on Surgical Details; (7) Assessing and Reporting Clinical and Surgical Outcomes and AEs. A total of 47 studies comprising 5,884 patients were included. The scrutiny of the studies identified that the current literature in bAVM open surgery is deficient in many aspects, ranging from fundamental pieces of information of methodology to baseline characteristics of included patients and data reporting. Included studies demonstrated a lack of reproducibility that hinders building cumulative evidence. A bAVM Open Surgery Reporting Guideline with 65 items distributed across eight domains was developed and is proposed in this study aiming to address these shortcomings. This systematic review identified that the available literature regarding microsurgery for bAVM treatment, particularly in studies reporting clinical and surgical outcomes, lacks rigorous scientific methodology and quality in reporting. The proposed bAVM Open Surgery Reporting Guideline covers all essential aspects and is a potential solution to address these shortcomings and increase transparency, comparability, and reproducibility in this scenario. This proposal aims to advance the level of evidence and enhance knowledge regarding the Open Surgery treatment for bAVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas P Mitre
- Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sávio Batista
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucca B Palavani
- Faculty of Medicine, Max Planck University Center, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo B Oliveira
- School of Medicine, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Filipi F Andreão
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo P Sousa
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro G L B Borges
- Technical-Educational Foundation Souza Marques, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael Camerotte
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael Bertani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurologic Institute, St. Joseph's Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Han H, Chen Y, Ma L, Li R, Li Z, Zhang H, Yuan K, Wang K, Jin H, Meng X, Yan D, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Jin W, Li R, Lin F, Hao Q, Wang H, Ye X, Kang S, Gao D, Sun S, Liu A, Li Y, Chen X, Zhao Y, Wang S. Comparison of conservative management, microsurgery only, and microsurgery with preoperative embolization for unruptured arteriovenous malformations: A propensity score weighted prospective cohort study. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14533. [PMID: 37990420 PMCID: PMC11017441 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To compare the efficacy and deficiency of conservative management (CM), microsurgery (MS) only, and microsurgery with preoperative embolization (E + MS) for unruptured arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). METHODS We prospectively included unruptured AVMs undergoing CM, MS, and E + MS from our institution between August 2011 and August 2021. The primary outcomes were long-term neurofunctional outcomes and hemorrhagic stroke and death. In addition to the comparisons among CM, MS, and E + MS, E + MS was divided into single-staged hybrid and multi-staged E + MS for further analysis. Stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting using propensity scores was applied to control for confounders by treatment indication across the three groups. RESULTS Of 3758 consecutive AVMs admitted, 718 patients were included finally (266 CM, 364 MS, and 88 E + MS). The median follow-up duration was 5.4 years. Compared with CM, interventions (MS and E + MS) were associated with neurological deterioration. MS could lower the risk of hemorrhagic stroke and death. Multi-staged E + MS was associated with neurological deterioration and higher hemorrhagic risks compared with MS, but the hybrid E + MS operation significantly reduced the hemorrhage risk. CONCLUSION In this study, unruptured AVMs receiving CM would expect better neurofunctional outcomes but bear higher risks of hemorrhage than MS or E + MS. The single-staged hybrid E + MS might be promising in reducing inter-procedural and subsequent hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heze Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Ruinan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Haibin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Kexin Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Hengwei Jin
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Debin Yan
- Department of NeurosurgeryShanxi Provincial People's HospitalTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International HospitalPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International HospitalPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weitao Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International HospitalPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Runting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Fa Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Qiang Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Xun Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Shuai Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Dezhi Gao
- Department of Gamma‐Knife Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shibin Sun
- Department of Gamma‐Knife Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ali Liu
- Department of Gamma‐Knife Center, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Youxiang Li
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina
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Catapano JS, Koester SW, Rumalla K, Rangel IC, Stonnington HO, Singh R, Memon A, Kimata AR, Winkler EA, Baranoski JF, Cole TS, Graffeo CS, Srinivasan VM, Jadhav AP, Ducruet AF, Albuquerque FC, Lawton MT. A Review of Preoperative Embolization Effectiveness in Patients With Arteriovenous Malformations. Neurosurgery 2024; 94:129-139. [PMID: 37522732 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Preoperative embolization of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains controversial. This study sought to analyze the cost-effectiveness of preoperative embolization of AVMs. METHODS Patients who underwent AVM resection at a single institute (January 1, 2015-December 31, 2020) were analyzed. Patients with preoperative embolization (embolization cohort) were compared with those without preoperative embolization (nonembolization cohort). Cost-effectiveness score (CE) was the primary outcome of interest and was determined by dividing the total 1-year cost by effectiveness, which was derived from a validated preoperative to last follow-up change in the modified Rankin Scale utility score. A lower CE signifies a more cost-effective treatment strategy. RESULTS Of 188 patients, 88 (47%) underwent preoperative embolization. The mean (SD) total cost was higher in the embolization group than in the nonembolization group ($117 594 [$102 295] vs $84 348 [$82 326]; P < .001). The mean (SD) CE was higher in the embolization cohort ($336 476 [$1 303 842]) than in the nonembolization cohort ($100 237 [$246 255]; P < .001). Among patients with Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade I and II AVMs, the mean (SD) CE was higher in the embolization (n = 40) than in the nonembolization (n = 72) cohort ($164 950 [$348 286] vs $69 021 [$114 938]; P = .004). Among patients with SM grade III AVMs, the mean (SD) CE was lower in the embolization (n = 33) than in the nonembolization (n = 25) cohort ($151 577 [$219 130] vs $189 195 [$446 335]; P = .006). The mean (SD) CE was not significantly different between cohorts among patients with higher-grade AVMs (embolization cohort [n = 3] vs nonembolization cohort [n = 15]: $503 639 [$776 492] vs $2 048 419 [$4 794 758]; P = .49). The mean CE for embolized SM grade III aneurysms was nonsignificant in the ruptured group; however, for the unruptured group, CE was significantly higher in the embolization cohort (n = 26; $160 871 [$240 535]) relative to the nonembolization cohort (n = 15; $108 152 [$166 446]) ( P = .006). CONCLUSION Preoperative embolization was cost-effective for patients with SM grade III AVMs but not for patients with lower-grade AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix , Arizona , USA
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6
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Alfter M, Albiña-Palmarola P, Cimpoca A, Díaz-Peregrino R, Jans P, Ganslandt O, Kühne D, Henkes H. Multi-Stage Treatment for Spetzler-Martin Grades III, IV, and V Arteriovenous Malformations: Preoperative Embolization and Microsurgical Resection in a Consecutive Series of 250 Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5990. [PMID: 37762930 PMCID: PMC10531818 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The treatment of high-grade brain AVMs is challenging and has no guidelines available to date. This study was aimed at reporting the experience of two centers in treating these AVMs through a multi-stage approach consisting of preoperative embolization and microsurgical resection. METHODS A retrospective review was performed for 250 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of high-grade brain AVM (Spetzler-Martin grades III, IV, and V) treated in two centers in Germany between January 1989 and February 2023. The analyzed data included demographic, clinical, morphological, and neurological data. RESULTS A total of 150 cases (60%) were classified as Spetzler-Martin grade III, 82 cases (32.8%) were classified as grade IV, and 18 cases (7.2%) were classified as grade V. Eighty-seven cases (34.8%) presented with hemorrhage. The devascularization percentages achieved were <50% in 24 (9.6%), 50-80% in 55 (22%), and >80% in 171 (68.4%) cases. The average number of sessions was 5.65 ± 5.50 and 1.11 ± 0.32 endovascular and surgical procedures, respectively, and did not significantly differ by rupture status. Death or dependency (mRS score ≥ 3) after the last follow-up was observed in 18.8% of patients and was significantly associated with age > 80 years and poor baseline neurological condition. The complete resection rate was 82.3% and was significantly associated with age > 80 years, large nidus, and deep venous drainage. Permanent disabling neurological deficit after at least 3 months of follow-up was diagnosed in 13.2% of patients and was significantly associated with age > 80 years and infratentorial locations. CONCLUSION A multi-stage treatment for high-grade AVMs is feasible for selected cases but comes at a functional cost. The devascularization percentage was not associated with the investigated outcomes. Age > 80 years was associated with poor safety and effectiveness outcomes; consequently, this treatment should be offered only in exceptional circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Alfter
- Neuroradiological Clinic, Klinikum Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany; (P.A.-P.); (H.H.)
- Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Pablo Albiña-Palmarola
- Neuroradiological Clinic, Klinikum Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany; (P.A.-P.); (H.H.)
- Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Alexandru Cimpoca
- Neuroradiological Clinic, Klinikum Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany; (P.A.-P.); (H.H.)
| | - Roberto Díaz-Peregrino
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Jans
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus, 45131 Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Ganslandt
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Klinikum Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dietmar Kühne
- Clinic for Radiology and Neuroradiology, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus, 45131 Essen, Germany
| | - Hans Henkes
- Neuroradiological Clinic, Klinikum Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany; (P.A.-P.); (H.H.)
- Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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7
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State of the Art in the Role of Endovascular Embolization in the Management of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations-A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237208. [PMID: 36498782 PMCID: PMC9739246 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a significant cause of intracerebral hemorrhages, seizures, and neurological decline, brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are a rare group of complex vascular lesions with devastating implications for patients' quality of life. Although the concerted effort of the scientific community has improved our understanding of bAVM biology, the exact mechanism continues to be elucidated. Furthermore, to this day, due to the high heterogeneity of bAVMs as well as the lack of objective data brought by the lack of evaluative and comparative studies, there is no clear consensus on the treatment of this life-threatening and dynamic disease. As a consequence, patients often fall short of obtaining the optimal treatment. Endovascular embolization is an inherent part of multidisciplinary bAVM management that can be used in various clinical scenarios, each with different objectives. Well-trained neuro-interventional centers are proficient at curing bAVMs that are smaller than 3 cm; are located superficially in noneloquent areas; and have fewer, larger, and less tortuous feeding arteries. The transvenous approach is an emerging effective and safe technique that potentially offers a chance to cure previously untreatable bAVMs. This review provides the state of the art in all aspects of endovascular embolization in the management of bAVMs.
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Park MT, Essibayi MA, Srinivasan VM, Catapano JS, Graffeo CS, Lawton MT. Surgical management outcomes of intracranial arteriovenous malformations after preoperative embolization: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev 2022; 45:3499-3510. [PMID: 36168072 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-022-01860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preoperative embolization for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has been shown to mitigate morbidity for high-risk AVMs, chiefly by reducing lesional blood flow before resection. However, associated risks include postembolization AVM rupture, and the effect of preoperative embolization on outcome remains uncertain. We performed a meta-analysis of the literature on preoperative embolization for microsurgically treated AVMs. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted of all English-language publications reporting clinical outcomes after combined embolization and surgical resection for AVMs. Single- and 2-arm analyses were performed using random-effects modeling. RESULTS Thirty-six studies with 2108 patients were included in this analysis. Most patients (90.6%) who underwent embolization had at least a 50% obliteration of AVMs on posttreatment preoperative angiography, with a mean rate of obliteration of approximately 80% (range 28.8-100%). Among patients who had combined treatment, 3.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1-4.6%) experienced embolization-related hemorrhagic complications before surgery. Both treatment groups achieved excellent postsurgical complete resection rates (odds ratio [OR] 1.05; 95% CI 0.60-1.85). Neither the clinical outcome (OR 1.42; 95% CI 0.84-2.40) nor the total number of hemorrhagic complications (OR 1.84; 95% CI 0.88-3.85) was significantly different between the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS In this meta-analysis, preoperative embolization appears to have substantially reduced the lesional volume with active AV shunting before AVM resection. Anecdotally, preoperative embolization facilitates safe and efficient resection; however, differences in outcomes were not significant. The decision to pursue preoperative embolization remains a nuanced decision based on individual lesion anatomy and treatment team experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian T Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Publications, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Muhammed Amir Essibayi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Publications, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Visish M Srinivasan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Publications, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Joshua S Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Publications, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Christopher S Graffeo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Publications, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Publications, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
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Sen RD, Abecassis IJ, Barber J, Levitt MR, Kim LJ, Ellenbogen RG, Sekhar LN. Concurrent decompression and resection versus decompression with delayed resection of acutely ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg 2022; 137:321-328. [PMID: 34861649 DOI: 10.3171/2021.8.jns211075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) most commonly present with rupture and intraparenchymal hemorrhage. In rare cases, the hemorrhage is large enough to cause clinical herniation or intractable intracranial hypertension. Patients in these cases require emergent surgical decompression as a life-saving measure. The surgeon must decide whether to perform concurrent or delayed resection of the bAVM. Theoretical benefits to concurrent resection include a favorable operative corridor created by the hematoma, avoiding a second surgery, and more rapid recovery and rehabilitation. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical and surgical outcomes of patients who had undergone concurrent emergent decompression and bAVM resection with those of patients who had undergone delayed bAVM resection. METHODS The authors conducted a 15-year retrospective review of consecutive patients who had undergone microsurgical resection of a ruptured bAVM at their institution. Patients presenting in clinical herniation or with intractable intracranial hypertension were included and grouped according to the timing of bAVM resection: concurrent with decompression (hyperacute group) or separate resection surgery after decompression (delayed group). Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. Groups were compared in terms of the primary outcomes of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) lengths of stay (LOSs). Secondary outcomes included complete obliteration (CO), Glasgow Coma Scale score, and modified Rankin Scale score at discharge and at the most recent follow-up. RESULTS A total of 35/269 reviewed patients met study inclusion criteria; 18 underwent concurrent decompression and resection (hyperacute group) and 17 patients underwent emergent decompression only with later resection of the bAVM (delayed group). Hyperacute and delayed groups differed only in the proportion that underwent preresection endovascular embolization (16.7% vs 76.5%, respectively; p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the hyperacute and delayed groups in hospital LOS (26.1 vs 33.2 days, respectively; p = 0.93) or ICU LOS (10.6 vs 16.1 days, respectively; p = 0.69). Rates of CO were also comparable (78% vs 88%, respectively; p > 0.99). Medical complications were similar in the two groups (33% hyperacute vs 41% delayed, p > 0.99). Short-term clinical outcomes were better for the delayed group based on mRS score at discharge (4.2 vs 3.2, p < 0.05); however, long-term outcomes were similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Ruptured bAVM rarely presents in clinical herniation requiring surgical decompression and hematoma evacuation. Concurrent surgical decompression and resection of a ruptured bAVM can be performed on low-grade lesions without compromising LOS or long-term functional outcome; however, the surgeon may encounter a more challenging surgical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev D Sen
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Jason Barber
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael R Levitt
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- 3Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
- 5Stroke & Applied Neurosciences Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Louis J Kim
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- 3Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- 5Stroke & Applied Neurosciences Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard G Ellenbogen
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- 5Stroke & Applied Neurosciences Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Laligam N Sekhar
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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10
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Tao S, Zhang T, Zhou K, Liu X, Feng Y, Zhao W, Chen J. Intraoperative Monitoring Cerebral Blood Flow During the Treatment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations in Hybrid Operating Room by Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging. Front Surg 2022; 9:855397. [PMID: 35599788 PMCID: PMC9120635 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.855397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemodynamic changes caused by hybrid surgery for brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) are usually related to long-term lesions from "blood stealing". There are currently no viable low-cost, noninvasive procedures for assessing cerebral perfusion in the operating room. This study aims to investigate the use of intraoperative laser speckle contrast image (LSCI) software in AVM surgery. Methods In Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 14 patients who underwent surgery with LSCI were collected. To analyze the hemodynamic features of AVM and the influence on the peripheral cortex of AVM embolization and resection, we assessed the transit time between feeding arteries and drainage veins by intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Meanwhile, LSCI was performed at pre-embolization, post-embolization, and after complete resection of bAVM. Results In this study, the transit time of bAVM before and after embolization was compared, the transit time before embolization was significantly shorter than that after embolization (p < 0.05). We also got good visualization of relative CBF, in addition, to flow imaging in the cortical vasculature round bAVM with LSCI. The flux of post-surgery was significantly higher than pre-embolization (p < 0.01). Conclusion Hemodynamic variable assessment plays an important role in the resection of AVM in the hybrid operative room and LSCI can be used to visualize and evaluate cortical cerebral blood flow to detect pathological hyperperfusion in real-time with a good spatial-temporal resolution in a sensitive and continuous, non-invasive mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicai Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingbao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Keyao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohu Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jincao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Brosnan C, Amoo M, Javadpour M. Preoperative embolisation of brain arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev 2022; 45:2051-2063. [PMID: 35260972 PMCID: PMC9160113 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-022-01766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Preoperative embolisation is a commonly performed adjunct to microsurgical excision of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs), with aims such as lessening the technical difficulty of the microsurgical procedure, reducing operative time, decreasing blood loss, and improving patient functional outcomes. We aim to perform a systematic review of randomised trials and cohort studies evaluating preoperative embolisation of bAVMs published between 01 January 2000 and 31 March 2021 and appraise its role in clinical practice. A MEDLINE search was performed, and articles reporting on outcomes following preoperative embolisation, as an adjunct to microsurgery, were eligible for inclusion. PRISMA reporting and Cochrane Handbook guidelines were followed. The primary outcome measure was the risk of complications associated with preoperative embolisation. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021244231). Of the 1661 citations, 8 studies with 588 patients met predefined inclusion criteria. No studies specifically compared outcomes of surgical excision of bAVMs between those with and without preoperative embolisation. Spetzler Martin (SM) grading was available in 301 cases. 123 of 298 (41⋅28%) patients presented with haemorrhage. Complications related to embolisation occurred in 175/588 patients (29.4%, 95% CI 19.6–40.2). Permanent neurological deficits occurred in 36/541 (6%, 95% CI 3.9–8.5) and mortality in 6/588 (0.41%, 95% CI 0–1.4). This is the first systematic review evaluating preoperative embolisation of bAVMs. Existing studies assessing this intervention are of poor quality. Associated complication rates are significant. Based on published literature, there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend preoperative embolisation of AVMs. Further studies are required to ascertain if there are benefits of this procedure and if so, in which cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Brosnan
- National Neurosurgical Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, D09 V2N0, Ireland.
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Michael Amoo
- National Neurosurgical Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, D09 V2N0, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mohsen Javadpour
- National Neurosurgical Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, D09 V2N0, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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12
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Cezayirli PC, Türe H, Türe U. Microsurgical Treatment of Deep and Eloquent AVMs. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg 2022; 44:17-53. [PMID: 35107672 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-87649-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, the treatment of deep and eloquent arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has moved away from microneurosurgical resection and towards medical management and the so-called minimally invasive techniques, such as endovascular embolization and radiosurgery. The Spetzler-Martin grading system (and subsequent modifications) has done much to aid in risk stratification for surgical intervention; however, the system does not predict the risk of hemorrhage nor risk from other interventions. In more recent years, the ARUBA trial has suggested that unruptured AVMs should be medically managed. In our experience, although these eloquent regions of the brain should be discussed with patients in assessing the risks and benefits of intervention, we believe each AVM should be assessed based on the characteristics of the patient and the angio-architecture of the AVM, in particular venous hypertension, which may guide us to treat even high-grade AVMs when we believe we can (and need to) to benefit the patient. Advances in imaging and intraoperative adjuncts have helped us in decision making, preoperative planning, and ensuring good outcomes for our patients. Here, we present several cases to illustrate our primary points that treating low-grade AVMs can be more difficult than treating high-grade ones, mismanagement of deep and eloquent AVMs at the behest of dogma can harm patients, and the treatment of any AVM should be tailored to the individual patient and that patient's lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Cem Cezayirli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hatice Türe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Uğur Türe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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13
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Catapano JS, Srinivasan VM, Rumalla K, Koester SW, Kimata AR, Ma KL, Labib MA, Baranoski JF, Cole TS, Rutledge C, Ducruet AF, Albuquerque FC, Spetzler RF, Lawton MT. Effects of Preoperative Embolization on Spetzler-Martin Grade I and II Arteriovenous Malformations: A Propensity-Adjusted Analysis. Neurosurgery 2022; 90:92-98. [PMID: 34982875 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000001741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with low Spetzler-Martin grades (I and II) are associated with good neurological outcomes after microsurgical resection; however, the use of preoperative embolization for these lesions is controversial. OBJECTIVE To compare the neurological outcomes of preoperative embolization with no embolization in patients with low-grade AVMs. METHODS Patients with a Spetzler-Martin grade I or II AVM who underwent microsurgical resection during January 1, 1997, through December 31, 2019, were analyzed. Patients undergoing preoperative embolization were compared with patients not undergoing embolization. A propensity score was constructed from baseline characteristics and used to match intervention (embolization) and control (nonembolization) groups in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome was poor neurological status on last follow-up examination, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score >2 and a modified Rankin Scale score worse at follow-up than at the preoperative examination. RESULTS Of the 603 patients analyzed, 310 (51.4%) underwent preoperative embolization and 293 (48.6%) did not. Patients in the embolization cohort compared with those in the nonembolization cohort had a higher percentage of Spetzler-Martin grade II AVMs (71.6% vs 52.6%, P < .001) and a lower percentage of hemorrhage (41% vs 55%, P = .001). After propensity score matching, no differences were found between paired cohorts (each N = 203) for baseline characteristics with a significant reduction in absolute standardized mean differences. No significant differences were found in primary outcomes between treatment groups in the matched or unmatched cohorts. CONCLUSION Preoperative embolization of low-grade Spetzler-Martin AVMs is not associated with improved neurological outcomes after microsurgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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14
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Catapano JS, Frisoli FA, Nguyen CL, Wilkinson DA, Majmundar N, Cole TS, Baranoski JF, Whiting AC, Kim H, Ducruet AF, Albuquerque FC, Cooke DL, Spetzler RF, Lawton MT. Spetzler-Martin Grade III Arteriovenous Malformations: A Multicenter Propensity-Adjusted Analysis of the Effects of Preoperative Embolization. Neurosurgery 2021; 88:996-1002. [PMID: 33427287 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade III arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are at the boundary of safe operability, and preoperative embolization may reduce surgical risks. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the benefits of preoperative AVM embolization by comparing neurological outcomes in patients with grade III AVMs treated with or without preoperative embolization. METHODS All microsurgically treated grade III AVMs were identified from 2011 to 2018 at 2 medical centers. Neurological outcomes, measured as final modified Rankin Scale scores (mRS) and changes in mRS from preoperative baseline to last follow-up evaluation, were compared in patients with and without preoperative embolization. RESULTS Of the 102 patients with grade III AVMs who were treated microsurgically, 57 (56%) underwent preoperative embolization. Significant differences were found between the patients with and without embolization in AVM eloquence (74% vs 93%, P = .02), size ≥ 3 cm (47% vs 73%, P = .01), diffuseness (7% vs 22%, P = .04), and mean final mRS (1.1 vs 2.0, P = .005). Poor outcomes were more frequent in patients without embolization (38%) than with embolization (7%) (final mRS > 2; P < .001). Propensity-adjusted analysis revealed AVM resection without embolization was a risk factor for poor outcome (mRS score > 2; odds ratio, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.1-16; P = .03). CONCLUSION Nonembolization of SM grade III AVMs is associated with an increased risk of poor neurological outcomes after microsurgical resection. Preoperative embolization of intermediate-grade AVMs selected because of large AVM size, surgical inaccessibility of feeding arteries, and high flow should be employed more often than anticipated, even in the context of increasing microsurgical experience with AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Fabio A Frisoli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Candice L Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - D Andrew Wilkinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Neil Majmundar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Tyler S Cole
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jacob F Baranoski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Alexander C Whiting
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Helen Kim
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew F Ducruet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Felipe C Albuquerque
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Daniel L Cooke
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert F Spetzler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
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15
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Baskaya MK, Richardson AM. Editorial. To embolize or not to embolize: that is the question for arteriovenous malformations. NEUROSURGICAL FOCUS: VIDEO 2021; 4:V3. [PMID: 36284620 PMCID: PMC9542367 DOI: 10.3171/2020.10.focvid20106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Lv X, Liang S. Update Onyx embolization for plexiform arteriovenous malformation: Ante-grade drifting technique. Neuroradiol J 2020; 33:386-392. [PMID: 32673165 PMCID: PMC7482047 DOI: 10.1177/1971400920940207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The conventional arteriovenous malformation (AVM) Onyx embolization technique is the extrusion Onyx injection technique, with blood-flow control after a certain distance casting through the head end of the microcatheter. This method has elevated periprocedural AVM bleeding complications. In this study, the authors reported safety and efficacy of an updated ante-grade drifting Onyx injection for plexiform AVM embolization. METHODS Between January 2016 and December 2018, 101 consecutive patients with plexiform AVMs were treated with ante-grade drifting Onyx injection. The patients' clinical status was classified using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). To measure associations, logistic univariate or multivariate regression analyses were used. RESULTS Complete AVM obliteration was achieved in 51.2% (52/101) of patients. Two (2/101, 2.0%) arterial perforations occurred without causing neurological deficits. In univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, younger patient age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.12, p = 0.014), haemorrhagic presentation at admission (OR = 7.14, 95% CI 1.52-33.33, p = 0.013) and low Spetzler-Martin grade (OR = 10.00, 95% CI 3.45-25.00, p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with complete obliteration. Pretreatment mRS was correlated with perforation complication (OR = 3.44, 95% CI 1.05-11.29, p = 0.041) in univariate logistic regression analysis but not in multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR = 2.956, 95%CI 0.745, 11.731, p = 0.123). Patients' clinical status was significantly improved after endovascular AVM embolization. CONCLUSIONS With ante-grade drifting Onyx injection, it was possible to prevent serious bleeding complications and elevated complete embolization rate in plexiform AVMs. Younger patient age, haemorrhagic presentation at admission and low AVM Spetzler-Martin grade were significantly correlated with complete obliteration. Although there is not enough statistical power to show that the pretreatment mRS and the arterial perforation complication have a significant correlation, but its OR value is large, and there may be more data in the future to obtain further conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Lv
- Xianli Lv, Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Litang Road168, Changping, Beijing, 102218, PR China.
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Chen Y, Ma L, Chen X. Responses to "Letter to Quantitative Angiographic Hemodynamic Evaluation After Revascularization Surgery for Moyamoya Disease". Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:1173-1174. [PMID: 32303990 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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18
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Shaligram SS, Winkler E, Cooke D, Su H. Risk factors for hemorrhage of brain arteriovenous malformation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:1085-1095. [PMID: 31359618 PMCID: PMC6776739 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) are at risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Overall, bAVM accounts for 25% of hemorrhagic strokes in adults <50 years of age. The treatment of unruptured bAVMs has become controversial, because the natural history of these patients may be less morbid than invasive therapies. Available treatments include observation, surgical resection, endovascular embolization, stereotactic radiosurgery, or combination thereof. Knowing the risk factors for bAVM hemorrhage is crucial for selecting appropriate therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discussed several biological risk factors, which may contribute to bAVM hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali S Shaligram
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative care, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ethan Winkler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel Cooke
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Hua Su
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative care, University of California, San Francisco, California
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