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Hu B, Pei J, Wan C, Liu S, Xu Z, Zou Y, Li Z, Tang Z. Mechanisms of Postischemic Stroke Angiogenesis: A Multifaceted Approach. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4625-4646. [PMID: 39045531 PMCID: PMC11264385 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s461427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke constitutes a significant global health care challenge, and a comprehensive understanding of its recovery mechanisms is imperative for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Angiogenesis, a pivotal element of ischemic tissue repair, facilitates the restoration of blood flow to damaged regions, thereby promoting neuronal regeneration and functional recovery. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying postischemic stroke angiogenesis remain incompletely elucidated. This review meticulously examines the constituents of the neurovascular unit, ion channels, molecular mediators, and signaling pathways implicated in angiogenesis following stroke. Furthermore, it delves into prospective therapeutic strategies informed by these factors. Our objective is to provide detailed and exhaustive information on the intricate mechanisms governing postischemic stroke angiogenesis, thus providing a robust scientific foundation for the advancement of novel neurorepair therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingchun Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qujing Medical College, Qujing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongwei Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
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Bai S, Zhang G, Chen S, Wu X, Li J, Wang J, Chen D, Liu X, Wang J, Li Y, Tang Y, Tang Z. MicroRNA-451 Regulates Angiogenesis in Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Targeting Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04207-3. [PMID: 38743209 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke with the highest fatality and disability rate. Up to now, commonly used first-line therapies have limited value in improving prognosis. Angiogenesis is essential to neurological recovery after ICH. Recent studies have shown that microRNA-451(miR-451) plays an important role in angiogenesis by regulating the function of vascular endothelial cells. We found miR-451 was significantly decreased in the peripheral blood of ICH patients in the acute stage. Based on the clinical findings, we conducted this study to investigate the potential regulatory effect of miR-451 on angiogenesis after ICH. The expression of miR-451 in ICH mouse model and in a hemin toxicity model of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) was decreased the same as in ICH patients. MiR-451 negatively regulated the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of hBMECs in vitro. MiR-451 negatively regulated the microvessel density in the perihematoma tissue and affected neural functional recovery of ICH mouse model. Knockdown of miR-451 could recovered tight junction and protect the integrity of blood-brain barrier after ICH. Based on bioinformatic programs, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was predicted to be the target gene and identified to be regulated by miR-451 inhibiting the protein translation. And p-AKT and p-ERK were verified to be downstream of MIF in angiogenesis. These results all suggest that miR-451 will be a potential target for regulating angiogenesis in ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Bai
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingxuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanwei Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingxin Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhouping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Tao C, Li Y, An N, Liu H, Liu Z, Sun Y, Qian Y, Li N, Xing Y, Gao Y. Pathological mechanisms and future therapeutic directions of thrombin in intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1293428. [PMID: 38698822 PMCID: PMC11063263 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1293428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a common subtype of hemorrhagic stroke, often causes severe disability or death. ICH induces adverse events that might lead to secondary brain injury (SBI), and there is currently a lack of specific effective treatment strategies. To provide a new direction for SBI treatment post-ICH, the systematic review discussed how thrombin impacts secondary injury after ICH through several potentially deleterious or protective mechanisms. We included 39 studies and evaluated them using SYRCLE's ROB tool. Subsequently, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms of thrombin-mediated effects on SBI post-ICH in terms of inflammation, iron deposition, autophagy, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, we described the effects of thrombin in endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, microglia, and neurons, as well as the harmful and beneficial effects of high and low thrombin concentrations on ICH. Finally, we concluded the current research status of thrombin therapy for ICH, which will provide a basis for the future clinical application of thrombin in the treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Tao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Na An
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yikun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Qian
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Gareev I, Beylerli O, Zhao B. MiRNAs as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Biomark Res 2024; 12:17. [PMID: 38308370 PMCID: PMC10835919 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most common type of hemorrhagic stroke, most often occurring between the ages of 45 and 60. Hypertension is most often the cause of ICH. Less often, atherosclerosis, blood diseases, inflammatory changes in cerebral vessels, intoxication, vitamin deficiencies, and other reasons cause hemorrhages. Cerebral hemorrhage can occur by diapedesis or as a result of a ruptured vessel. This very dangerous disease is difficult to treat, requires surgery and can lead to disability or death. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs (about 18-22 nucleotides) that are involved in a variety of biological processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, etc., through gene repression. A growing number of studies have demonstrated miRNAs deregulation in various cardiovascular diseases, including ICH. In addition, given that computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are either not available or do not show clear signs of possible vessel rupture, accurate and reliable analysis of circulating miRNAs in biological fluids can help in early diagnosis for prevention of ICH and prognosis patient outcome after hemorrhage. In this review, we highlight the up-to-date findings on the deregulated miRNAs in ICH, and the potential use of miRNAs in clinical settings, such as therapeutic targets and non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic biomarker tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgiz Gareev
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - Ozal Beylerli
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450008, Russia
| | - Boxian Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
- Harbin Medical University No, 157, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Tasopoulou KM, Karakasiliotis I, Argyriou C, Bampali M, Tsaroucha AK, Dovrolis N, Christaina E, Georgiadis GS. Next-Generation Sequencing of microRNAs in Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: MiR-24 as a Biomarker. Ann Vasc Surg 2024; 99:366-379. [PMID: 37922957 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are asymptomatic but can potentially lead to rupture if left undetected. To date, there is a lack of simple nonradiologic routine tests available for diagnosing AAAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proven to be good-quality biomarkers in several diseases, including AAA. METHODS An attempt to identify a panel of circulating miRNAs with differential expression in AAAs via next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in serum samples: small AAAs (n = 3), large AAAs (n = 3), and controls (n = 3). For miR-24, validation with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was undertaken in a larger group (n = 80). RESULTS In the NGS study, 23 miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed (with statistical significance) in small AAAs in comparison with controls. Among them, miR-24 showed the largest upregulation with 23-fold change (log2FC 4.5, P = 0.024). For large AAAs compared with controls, and small AAAs compared with large AAAs, a panel of 33 and 131 miRNAs showed statistically significant differential expression, respectively. Based on the results of the NGS stage, a literature search was performed, and information regarding AAA pathogenesis, coronary artery disease, and peripheral arterial disease was documented where applicable: miR-24, miR-103, miR-193a, miR-486, miR-582, and miR-3663. Of these 6 miRNAs, miR-24 was chosen for further validation with real-time PCR. Additionally, in the NGS study analysis, 17 miRNAs were common between the small-large AAAs, small AAAs-controls, and large AAAs-controls comparisons: miR-7846, miR-3195, miR-486-2, miR-3194, miR-5589, miR-1538, miR-3178, miR-4771-1, miR-5695, miR-6504, miR-1908, miR-6823, miR-3159, miR-23a, miR-7853, miR-496, and miR-193a. Interestingly, in the validation stage with real-time PCR, miR-24 was found downregulated in small and large AAAs compared with controls (fold-changes: 0.27, P = 0.015 and 0.15, P = 0.005, respectively). No correlation was found between average Ct values, aneurysm diameter, and patients' age. CONCLUSIONS Our findings further highlight the importance of miR-24 as a potential biomarker as well as a therapeutic target for abdominal aneurysmal disease. Future research and validation of a panel of miRNAs for AAA would aid in diagnosis and discrimination between diseases with overlapping pathogeneses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi-Maria Tasopoulou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Karakasiliotis
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christos Argyriou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Bampali
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alexandra K Tsaroucha
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolas Dovrolis
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eleni Christaina
- Department of Biostatistics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George S Georgiadis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Huang Q, Yu X, Fu P, Wu M, Yin X, Chen Z, Zhang M. Mechanisms and therapeutic targets of mitophagy after intracerebral hemorrhage. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23941. [PMID: 38192843 PMCID: PMC10772251 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles responsible for cellular energy production. In addition to regulating energy homeostasis, mitochondria are responsible for calcium homeostasis, clearance of damaged organelles, signaling, and cell survival in the context of injury and pathology. In stroke, the mechanisms underlying brain injury secondary to intracerebral hemorrhage are complex and involve cellular hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial damage and autophagy are essential for neuronal metabolism and functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage, and are closely related to inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and other pathological processes. Because hypoxia and inflammatory responses can cause secondary damage after intracerebral hemorrhage, the restoration of mitochondrial function and timely clearance of damaged mitochondria have neuroprotective effects. Based on studies on mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), cellular inflammation, apoptosis, ferroptosis, the BNIP3 autophagy gene, pharmacological and other regulatory approaches, and normobaric oxygen (NBO) therapy, this article further explores the neuroprotective role of mitophagy after intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Peijie Fu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Moxin Wu
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Manqing Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
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Zhou J, Guo H, Yang A, Liu T, Li P, Cui H, Wang Y, Tang T. Buyang Huanwu Decoction: A Traditional Chinese Medicine, Promotes Lactate-Induced Angiogenesis in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:4063315. [PMID: 36349188 PMCID: PMC9637474 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4063315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the underlying mechanisms and exploring effective therapies for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are urgently needed. Here, we aim to elucidate the potential roles and underlying mechanisms of Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) in ICH. In the first set of experiments, rats were randomly divided into five groups: Sham, ICH, ICH + sodium oxamate (OXA), ICH + BYHWD, and ICH + BYHWD + OXA. The lactate level around the hematoma was evaluated. PCNA+/vWF+ nuclei were observed. Additionally, an online bioinformatics analysis tool was used to predict the BYHWD druggable targets related to angiogenesis. Then, we validated these predictions. In the second set, exogenous sodium L-lactate (Lac) was infused into the intact brains of rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, Lac, and Lac + YC-1. The numbers of PCNA+/vWF+ nuclei and the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF were evaluated. In the first set of experiments, compared with the ICH group, the BYHWD group exhibited significantly increased numbers of PCNA+/vWF+ nuclei, and neurological dysfunction was markedly improved. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the improvements caused by BYHWD indicated a role for the HIF-1α pathway. The HIF-1α and VEGF protein levels were upregulated after BYHWD administration. Moreover, we verified that lactate was involved in the predicted mechanisms. In the second set, lactate facilitated angiogenesis and HIF-1α and VEGF expression. Co-infusion with a HIF-1α inhibitor, YC-1, significantly inhibited these effects. Our data suggest that the pharmacological effects of BYHWD involve lactate-induced angiogenesis, these data may provide new evidence for its use in ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Shanxi Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliate of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Ali Yang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Gerontology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affliate to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hanjin Cui
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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Wang L, Xiong X, Zhang L, Shen J. Neurovascular Unit: A critical role in ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:7-16. [PMID: 33389780 PMCID: PMC7804897 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS), a common cerebrovascular disease, results from a sudden blockage of a blood vessel in the brain, thereby restricting blood supply to the area in question, and making a significantly negative impact on human health. Unfortunately, current treatments, that are mainly based on a recanalization of occluded blood vessels, are insufficient or inaccessible to many stroke patients. Recently, the profound influence of the neurovascular unit (NVU) on recanalization and the prognosis of IS have become better understood; in‐depth studies of the NVU have also provided novel approaches for IS treatment. In this article, we review the intimate connections between the changes in the NVU and IS outcomes, and discuss possible new management strategies having practical significance to IS. We discuss the concept of the NVU, as well as its roles in IS blood‐brain barrier regulation, cell preservation, inflammatory immune response, and neurovascular repair. Besides, we also summarize the influence of noncoding RNAs in NVU, and IS therapies targeting the NVU. We conclude that both the pathophysiological and neurovascular repair processes of IS are strongly associated with the homeostatic state of the NVU and that further research into therapies directed at the NVU could expand the range of treatments available for IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengzhou People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch), Shengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Luyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Jin ZL, Gao WY, Liao SJ, Yu T, Shi Q, Yu SZ, Cai YF. Paeonol inhibits the progression of intracerebral haemorrhage by mediating the HOTAIR/UPF1/ACSL4 axis. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211010647. [PMID: 33906483 PMCID: PMC8718120 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211010647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating subtype of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. It has been reported that paeonol (PAN) inhibits the progression of ICH. However, the mechanism by which paeonol mediates the progression of ICH remains unclear. To mimic ICH in vitro, neuronal cells were treated with hemin. An in vivo model of ICH was established to detect the effect of paeonol on ferroptosis in neurons during ICH. Cell viability was tested by MTT assay. Furthermore, cell injury was detected by GSH, MDA and ROS assays. Ferroptosis was examined by iron assay. RT-qPCR and western blotting were used to detect gene and protein expression, respectively. The correlation among HOTAIR, UPF1 and ACSL4 was explored by FISH, RNA pull-down and RIP assays. Paeonol significantly inhibited the ferroptosis of neurons in ICH mice. In addition, paeonol significantly reversed hemin-induced injury and ferroptosis in neurons, while this phenomenon was notably reversed by HOTAIR overexpression. Moreover, paeonol notably inhibited ferroptosis in hemin-treated neuronal cells via inhibition of ACSL4. Additionally, HOTAIR bound to UPF1, and UPF1 promoted the degradation of ACSL4 by binding to ACSL4. Furthermore, HOTAIR overexpression reversed paeonol-induced inhibition of ferroptosis by mediating the UPF1/ACSL4 axis. Paeonol inhibits the progression of ICH by mediating the HOTAIR/UPF1/ACSL4 axis. Therefore, paeonol might serve as a new agent for the treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Long Jin
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Ji’nan University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ying Gao
- Department of TCM Pediatrics, Jiangmen Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Jun Liao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Ji’nan University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Qing Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Ji’nan University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Zhen Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jiangmen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Ji’nan University, Jiangmen, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Feng Cai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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10
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Iannucci J, Renehan W, Grammas P. Thrombin, a Mediator of Coagulation, Inflammation, and Neurotoxicity at the Neurovascular Interface: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:762. [PMID: 32792902 PMCID: PMC7393221 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The societal burden of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is staggering, with current estimates suggesting that 50 million people world-wide have AD. Identification of new therapeutic targets is a critical barrier to the development of disease-modifying therapies. A large body of data implicates vascular pathology and cardiovascular risk factors in the development of AD, indicating that there are likely shared pathological mediators. Inflammation plays a role in both cardiovascular disease and AD, and recent evidence has implicated elements of the coagulation system in the regulation of inflammation. In particular, the multifunctional serine protease thrombin has been found to act as a mediator of vascular dysfunction and inflammation in both the periphery and the central nervous system. In the periphery, thrombin contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis and diabetes, by inducing endothelial dysfunction and related inflammation. In the brain, thrombin has been found to act on endothelial cells of the blood brain barrier, microglia, astrocytes, and neurons in a manner that promotes vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Thrombin is elevated in the AD brain, and thrombin signaling has been linked to both tau and amyloid beta, pathological hallmarks of the disease. In AD mouse models, inhibiting thrombin preserves cognition and endothelial function and reduces neuroinflammation. Evidence linking atrial fibrillation with AD and dementia indicates that anticoagulant therapy may reduce the risk of dementia, with targeting thrombin shown to be particularly effective. It is time for “outside-the-box” thinking about how vascular risk factors, such as atherosclerosis and diabetes, as well as the coagulation and inflammatory pathways interact to promote increased AD risk. In this review, we present evidence that thrombin is a convergence point for AD risk factors and as such that thrombin-based therapeutics could target multiple points of AD pathology, including neurodegeneration, vascular activation, and neuroinflammation. The urgent need for disease-modifying drugs in AD demands new thinking about disease pathogenesis and an exploration of novel drug targets, we propose that thrombin inhibition is an innovative tactic in the therapeutic battle against this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Iannucci
- The George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - William Renehan
- The George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Paula Grammas
- The George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
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