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Luce A, Abate M, Scognamiglio G, Montella M, Iervolino D, Campione S, Di Mauro A, Sepe O, Gigantino V, Tathode MS, Ferrara G, Monaco R, De Dominicis G, Misso G, Gentile V, Franco R, Zappavigna S, Caraglia M. Immune cell infiltration and inflammatory landscape in primary brain tumours. J Transl Med 2024; 22:521. [PMID: 38816839 PMCID: PMC11140972 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary malignant brain tumours are more than one-third of all brain tumours and despite the molecular investigation to identify cancer driver mutations, the current therapeutic options available are challenging due to high intratumour heterogeneity. In addition, an immunosuppressive and inflammatory tumour microenvironment strengthens cancer progression. Therefore, we defined an immune and inflammatory profiling of meningioma and glial tumours to elucidate the role of the immune infiltration in these cancer types. METHODS Using tissue microarrays of 158 brain tumour samples, we assessed CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD138, Granzyme B (GzmB), 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX), Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), O-6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) and Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC results were correlated using a Spearman correlation matrix. Transcript expression, correlation, and overall survival (OS) analyses were evaluated using public datasets available on GEPIA2 in Glioblastoma (GBM) and Lower Grade Glioma (LGG) cohorts. RESULTS Seven out of ten markers showed a significantly different IHC expression in at least one of the evaluated cohorts whereas CD3, CD4 and 5-LOX were differentially expressed between GBMs and astrocytomas. Correlation matrix analysis revealed that 5-LOX and GzmB expression were associated in both meningiomas and GBMs, whereas 5-LOX expression was significantly and positively correlated to TG2 in both meningioma and astrocytoma cohorts. These findings were confirmed with the correlation analysis of TCGA-GBM and LGG datasets. Profiling of mRNA levels indicated a significant increase in CD3 (CD3D, CD3E), and CD138 (SDC1) expression in GBM compared to control tissues. CD4 and 5-LOX (ALOX5) mRNA levels were significantly more expressed in tumour samples than in normal tissues in both GBM and LGG. In GBM cohort, GzmB (GZMB), SDC1 and MGMT gene expression predicted a poor overall survival (OS). Moreover, in LGG cohort, an increased expression of CD3 (CD3D, CD3E, CD3G), CD8 (CD8A), GZMB, CD20 (MS4A1), SDC1, PD-L1, ALOX5, and TG2 (TGM2) genes was associated with worse OS. CONCLUSIONS Our data have revealed that there is a positive and significant correlation between the expression of 5-LOX and GzmB, both at RNA and protein level. Further evaluation is needed to understand the interplay of 5-LOX and immune infiltration in glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Luce
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Abate
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Giosuè Scognamiglio
- Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Montella
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Iervolino
- Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Severo Campione
- Department of Advanced Technology, Pathology Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Annabella Di Mauro
- Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Sepe
- Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gigantino
- Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Madhura S Tathode
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Ferrara
- Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Monaco
- Department of Advanced Technology, Pathology Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco De Dominicis
- Department of Advanced Technology, Pathology Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Misso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittorio Gentile
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Biogem Scarl, Institute of Genetic Research, 83031, Ariano Irpino, Italy
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Mahzouni P, Sarmadi T. An observational study on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in meningioma. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:211. [PMID: 25371868 PMCID: PMC4219207 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.143256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme is overexpressed in different types of tumors and is known to be associated with malignant behavior of tumors. We determined the association of COX-2 expression and different grades of human meningioma. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on specimens obtained from adult patients with meningioma. Meningioma was classified according to the WHO 2007 classification protocol (I, II, and III). COX-2 expression intensity was scored based on the percentage of immunopositive cells as 0: 0-10%; +1: >10% and a part of the cell membrane; +2: >10% and complete cell membrane; and +3: >30% and complete cell membrane. Scores of +2 or +3 were considered as COX-2 positive. Results: Ninety meningioma cases (mean age = 53.0 ± 13.2 years, 71.1% female) were studied. COX-2 was positive in 25% (17/68), 68.4% (13/19), and 100% (3/3) of cases with tumor grade I, II, and III, respectively (P < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between tumor grade and COX-2 expression score (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.422, P < 0.001). Conclusions: There is a strong association between COX-2 expression and tumoral grade in meningioma with more aggressive tumors expressing COX-2 with more intensity. Prospective studies examining the association of COX-2 expression with tumor recurrence and interventional studies examining the role of COX-2 inhibitors anticancer therapy of meningioma are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mahzouni
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tannaz Sarmadi
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Kang HC, Kim IH, Park CI, Park SH. Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 and brain fatty acid binding protein expression in grades I-II meningiomas: correlation with tumor grade and clinical outcome after radiotherapy. Neuropathology 2014; 34:446-54. [PMID: 24779988 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was done to evaluate the association of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and brain fatty acid binding protein (BFABP) with tumor grade and outcome of grades I-II meningiomas treated with radiotherapy. From 1996 to 2008, 40 patients with intracranial grades I-II meningiomas were treated with radiotherapy. Immunohistochemical staining for COX-2 and BFABP were performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. COX-2 expression was significantly associated with BFABP status and both COX-2 (P < 0.01) and BFABP (P = 0.01) expression were stronger in the grade II meningiomas than in grade I tumors. Among the clinicopathologic factors, age and COX-2 status were prognostic in progression-free survival. Patients with moderate or strong COX-2 expression had worse outcome than those with negative or weak COX-2 expression (P = 0.03) after controlling for potential confounders. Our results suggest that the molecular biomarker COX-2 has prognostic significance in intracranial grades I-II meningiomas following radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Cheol Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Korea
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Clinicopathological evaluation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in meningioma: immunohistochemical analysis of 76 cases of low and high-grade meningioma. Brain Tumor Pathol 2012; 31:23-30. [PMID: 23250387 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-012-0127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenic activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme in the production of prostaglandins (PGs), has been proved for some types of cancer, including brain tumors. We evaluated expression of COX-2 in meningioma, one of the most common intracranial tumors in adults which accounts for 24-30 % of intracranial tumors. We performed immunostaining for COX-2 in 76 cases of meningioma consisting of 44 cases of low-grade (WHO Grade I) and 32 cases of high-grade (29 cases of Grade II and 3 cases of Grade III) meningioma, and evaluated COX-2 expression levels on the basis of staining intensity and proportion in tumor cells. The expression level of COX-2 in meningioma cells was significantly correlated with WHO grade (P = 0.0153). In addition, COX-2 expression was significantly correlated with MIB-1 labeling index for all 76 cases of meningioma (P = 0.0075), suggesting tumor promotion by COX-2 in meningioma progression. Our results may indicate the therapeutic value of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs against meningioma, especially for patients with elevated proliferation, to regulate the tumorigenic activity of COX-2 in meningioma cells.
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Choy W, Kim W, Nagasawa D, Stramotas S, Yew A, Gopen Q, Parsa AT, Yang I. The molecular genetics and tumor pathogenesis of meningiomas and the future directions of meningioma treatments. Neurosurg Focus 2011; 30:E6. [DOI: 10.3171/2011.2.focus1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Meningiomas are mostly benign, slow-growing tumors of the CNS that originate from arachnoidal cap cells. While monosomy 22 is the most frequent genetic abnormality found in meningiomas, a multitude of other aberrant chromosomal alterations, signaling pathways, and growth factors have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Losses on 22q12.2, a region encoding the tumor suppressor gene merlin, represent the most common genetic alterations in early meningioma formation. Malignant meningioma progression, however, is associated with more complex karyotypes and greater genetic instability. Cytogenetic studies of atypical and anaplastic meningiomas revealed gains and losses on chromosomes 9, 10, 14, and 18, with amplifications on chromosome 17. However, the specific gene targets in a majority of these chromosomal abnormalities remain elusive.
Studies have also implicated a myriad of aberrant signaling pathways involved with meningioma tumorigenesis, including those involved with proliferation, angiogenesis, and autocrine loops. Understanding these disrupted pathways will aid in deciphering the relationship between various genetic changes and their downstream effects on meningioma pathogenesis.
Despite advancements in our understanding of meningioma pathogenesis, the conventional treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery, have remained largely stagnant. Surgery and radiation therapy are curative in the majority of lesions, yet treatment remains challenging for meningiomas that are recurrent, aggressive, or refractory to conventional treatments. Future therapies will include combinations of targeted molecular agents as a result of continued progress in the understanding of genetic and biological changes associated with meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Won Kim
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, and
| | | | | | - Andrew Yew
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, and
| | - Quinton Gopen
- 2Division of Otolaryngology, University of California Los Angeles; and
| | - Andrew T. Parsa
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Isaac Yang
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, and
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