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Guan J, Lin W, Liu W, Hui D. Primary central nervous system extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type with CD20 expression: Case report and review of the literature. Neuropathology 2024; 44:222-229. [PMID: 37963650 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Primary central nervous system (PCNS) extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL), is an exceedingly rare tumor. To the best of our knowledge, only 27 cases and only one reported aberrant CD20 expression have been documented in the literature. Here we present a second case of PCNS ENKTCL with aberrant CD20 expression in a 43-year-old immunocompetent Chinese female. The patient presented with tremors, weakness in the right upper limb, and a slow reaction. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple brain lesions. A histological examination revealed a diffuse distribution of intermediate-sized pleomorphic lymphocytes with angiocentric growth. The tumor cells expressed CD2, CD3, CD56, T-cell intracellular antigen-1, granzyme B, and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs), with additional partial and weak CD20 and CD30 expression. Despite a confirmatory pathological diagnosis, the patient refused treatment and was discharged, ultimately dying from the disease. In the literature review, the clinical, immunohistochemical, EBERs, treatment, and prognostic features of PCNS ENKTCL were summarized. Although PCNS ENKTCT is extremely rare, it does occur and should always be included in differential diagnoses. CD20 expression should be evaluated routinely with relevant markers. The accumulation of cases is crucial for developing an effective treatment strategy for this rare and aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexia Guan
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weizhen Lin
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dayang Hui
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Sreedhara P, Czerwinski V, Alexander E, Choudhary C. T-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Presenting as a Pituitary Mass. JCEM CASE REPORTS 2023; 1:luad097. [PMID: 37908217 PMCID: PMC10580472 DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Primary pituitary T-lymphoblastic lymphoma is a rare clinical entity. A 45-year-old woman presented with headache, left-eye blurry vision, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia, and ptosis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a sellar mass most likely consistent with a pituitary macroadenoma. Laboratory evaluation disclosed secondary hypothyroidism, secondary adrenal insufficiency, and hyperprolactinemia. The mass was removed by transsphenoidal resection, and subsequent immunophenotyping revealed T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Secondary workup confirmed lymphomatous confinement to the central nervous system. Following resection, the patient's headaches improved, but she experienced persistent visual deficits and palsies of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of high-dose methotrexate, followed by alternating cycles of cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate, doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), dexamethasone (cyclophosphamide, mesna, vincristine sulfate, doxorubicin hydrochloride, dexamethasone), and methotrexate/cytarabine. Since receiving chemotherapy, there has been an improvement in numbness, ptosis, left orbital pressure, and headaches. This case represents only the eighth example of T-cell primary pituitary lymphoma, and the youngest patient to receive the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Sreedhara
- Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66204, USA
| | - Vincent Czerwinski
- Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66204, USA
| | - Ethan Alexander
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66204, USA
| | - Chitra Choudhary
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66204, USA
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3
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Tsukamoto T, Miki Y. Imaging of pituitary tumors: an update with the 5th WHO Classifications-part 2. Neoplasms other than PitNET and tumor-mimicking lesions. Jpn J Radiol 2023:10.1007/s11604-023-01407-0. [PMID: 36913010 PMCID: PMC10366287 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-023-01407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Many types of tumors can develop in the pituitary gland. In the recently revised 5th editions of the World Health Organization (WHO) classifications (2021 WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors and the 2022 WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors), various changes have been made to the tumors other than pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET)/pituitary adenoma, as well as PitNET. Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma and papillary craniopharyngioma are now considered separate tumors in the 5th edition of the WHO classification. Tumors positive for thyroid transcription factor 1, a marker of posterior pituitary cells, are now grouped together in the pituicyte tumor family in the 5th edition of the WHO classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors. Poorly differentiated chordoma is newly listed in the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors. In this paper, we present the latest WHO classification of pituitary tumors (adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma, papillary craniopharyngioma, pituitary blastoma, pituicyte tumor family, tumors of pituitary origin other than those of the pituicyte tumor family, germinoma, meningioma, chordoma, metastatic tumors, lymphoma, and pituitary incidentaloma), review diseases requiring differentiation from tumors (pituitary abscess, hypophysitis, pituitary hyperplasia, Rathke's cleft cyst, arachnoid cyst, and aneurysm), and discuss diagnoses based on imaging findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Tsukamoto
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-Machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yukio Miki
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-Machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
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4
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Contreras Pascual C, de Diego García P, González Sacoto WV, Civeira Marin M, Marta Moreno J. Diabetes insipidus as initial manifestation of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma nasal type. ENDOCRINOLOGIA, DIABETES Y NUTRICION 2023; 70:67-69. [PMID: 36702712 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - María Civeira Marin
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Marta Moreno
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
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5
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Pekic S, Stojanovic M, Manojlovic Gacic E, Antic D, Milojevic T, Milicevic M, Stanimirovic A, Doknic M, Miljic D, Banjalic S, Jovanovic M, Jemuovic Z, Nikolic Djurovic M, Grujicic D, Popovic V, Petakov М. The sellar region as presenting theater for hematologic malignancies-A 17-year single-center experience. Endocr J 2022; 69:1079-1090. [PMID: 35400679 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematological neoplastic mass lesions of the sellar region are rare. We identified five cases of hematological malignancy with first presentation in the sellar region from our departmental database of 1,405 patients (0.36%) with sellar lesions diagnosed over the 17-year period (2005-2021). All patients were females (mean age 55.2 ± 3.4 years). One patient had multiple myeloma (MM), one patient had acute myeloid leukemia (AML), while three other patients had lymphoma (intravascular lymphoma (IVL, n = 1) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, n = 2). Most patients presented with ophthalmoplegia, and one patient with diabetes insipidus (DI), with short duration of symptoms (median 30 days). All patients had an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and altered blood count, while patients with lymphoma had elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Sellar mass was demonstrated in three patients while the patient with IVL had an empty sella and in the AML patient posterior lobe T1W hyperintensity was lost. Two patients (IVL and NHL) presented with multiple anterior pituitary deficiencies and one patient (AML) had DI. All patients were treated with chemotherapy. Two patients responded well to treatment (one had reversed hypopituitarism), while three patients died. Differential diagnosis of sellar-parasellar pathology should include suspicion of hematological malignancy, particularly in patients with short duration of nonspecific symptoms, neurological signs (ophthalmoplegia), blood count alterations and LDH elevation, pituitary dysfunction and imaging features atypical for pituitary adenoma. Early diagnosis is crucial for timely initiation of hematological treatment aimed at inducing disease remission and partial or full recovery of pituitary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pekic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of the Metabolism, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Stojanovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of the Metabolism, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emilija Manojlovic Gacic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Darko Antic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Hematology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Toplica Milojevic
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Milicevic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Mirjana Doknic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of the Metabolism, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Miljic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of the Metabolism, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Banjalic
- Center for Radiology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Jovanovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Center for Radiology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zvezdana Jemuovic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of the Metabolism, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Nikolic Djurovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of the Metabolism, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Grujicic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vera Popovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Мilan Petakov
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of the Metabolism, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Diabetes insípida como manifestación inicial de linfoma extraganglionar nasal de células T/NK. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Qin L, Li Y, He Y, Zeng R, Pan T, Zuo Y, Xiao L, Zhou H. Successful Treatment of Primary CNS Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma with Surgery and Chemotherapy Combined with Sintilimab: A Case Report and Literature Review. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1-11. [PMID: 35023929 PMCID: PMC8747803 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s343400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (PCNS ENK/TCL) is an extremely rare lymphoma. Only 23 cases of PCNS ENK/TCL have been reported in the English literature. Due to the rarity of this lymphoma, an effective therapeutic strategy has not been defined. Generally, this type of lymphoma is treated with surgery, intrathecal chemotherapy, and postoperative chemoradiation therapy. The prognosis is poor. Herein, we present a case of primary brain NK/T cell lymphoma in a 50-year-old immunocompetent Chinese female and review the literature. The patient underwent intracranial tumor resection and was subsequently treated with a PD1 monoclonal antibody (Sintilimab) combined with chemotherapy. The patient survived 15 months after diagnosis. This is the first report of PCNS ENK/TCL treated with surgery and chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy and suggests an effective treatment regimen for PCNS ENK/TCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Qin
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Li
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizi He
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruolan Zeng
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilang Zuo
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology of School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China
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8
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Tvedten E, Richardson J, Motaparthi K. What Effect Does Epstein-Barr Virus Have on Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma Prognosis? A Review of 153 Reported Cases. Cureus 2021; 13:e17987. [PMID: 34540511 PMCID: PMC8445857 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this review is to identify the relationship between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and prognosis in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL). Additionally, a literature review of ENKTL was carried out. The investigators designed and implemented a 21-year literature review using the online databases PubMed and Google Scholar. The total number of cases analyzed was 153 (64 case reports; one comparative study; one systematic review). Information related to ENKTL from July 1999 to February 2021 was included in the study. Study variables included: patient demographics, tumor classification, screening modalities, tumor characteristics, symptomatology, treatment, and prognosis. The average age at diagnosis was 50.9 years (range: 4-90 years). Patients of Asian ethnicity were most commonly affected, and there was a 1.6:1 male to female ratio. ENKTL was most frequently detected in the head and neck region, and 53.1% of cases metastasized. Of all head and neck cases, the nose was the most affected location. Immunohistochemistry positivity included: EBV (32.0%), CD2 (96.6%), CD3ϵ (81.7%), CD43 (91.7%), CD56 (86.4%), Granzyme (97.1%), Perforin (90.9%), TIA-1 (97.8%), p53 (33.3%). The most frequently employed single treatment modality was chemotherapy alone, and 34.2% of patients expired within five years of diagnosis. The average follow-up period was 16.51 months (range: 0.25-66 months). EBV was significantly associated with metastatic ENKTL (χ2 = 4.36; CV = 3.84; p = 0.037). We found no association between EBV and ENKTL prognosis (χ2 = 17.2; CV = 21.0; p = 0.14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Tvedten
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan State University, Detroit, USA
| | | | - Kiran Motaparthi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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Caputo M, Prencipe N, Bisceglia A, Bona C, Maccario M, Aimaretti G, Grottoli S, Gasco V. Primary Pituitary Lymphoma As Rare Cause Of A Pituitary Mass And Hypopituitarism In Adulthood. Endocr Pract 2021; 26:1337-1350. [PMID: 33471665 DOI: 10.4158/ep-2020-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differential diagnosis of nonadenomatous sellar masses causing hypopituitarism is still a challenge. Among these masses, growing evidence has demonstrated that primary pituitary lymphoma is a specific and emerging entity. The aim of our study was to describe our experience with a case of primary pituitary lymphoma and to perform a review of the available literature. METHODS We searched relevant databases up to March 2020, identifying 36 suitable articles basing on inclusion criteria (primary pituitary lymphoma in adult immunocompetent subjects). Overall, 43 cases were included in the review, adding a new case diagnosed and treated in our hospital. Epidemiologic data, clinical presentation, hormonal status, radiologic findings, pathology, treatment, and outcome were extracted. RESULTS Mean age at diagnosis was 58.9 years, without gender difference. Symptoms related to mass were common (52.3%), in particular cranial nerve palsy (70.5%), headache (56.8%), and alteration in visual field (40.9%). Impaired hormonal status was detected in 89.7% of patients; of them, 58.9% presented with anterior pituitary failure (partial or total), while 25.6% presented with panhypopituitarism. Overall, diabetes insipidus was present in 30.8% and hyperprolactinemia in 41.0% of patients. The majority of patients presented a radiologically invasive mass in the suprasellar region and cavernous sinus (65.9% and 40.9%, respectively) and histologic diagnosis of diffuse B-cell lymphoma (54.5%). CONCLUSION The differential diagnosis of sellar and parasellar masses causing hypopituitarism should include primary pituitary lymphoma, even in absence of systemic symptoms or posterior pituitary dysfunction. The disease has a heterogeneous pattern, so a collaboration between endocrinologists, neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, and hematologists is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Caputo
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
| | - Nunzia Prencipe
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bisceglia
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Bona
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccario
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Grottoli
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Gasco
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
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Kajtazi NI, Bafaquh M, Ghamdi JA, AlEissa Z, Shmeikh AA, Alsaeed A, Sulaiman T, Vizcaino MA, Al Hameed M, Raghunathan A. An Unusual Case of EBV-Negative Primary CNS Lymphoma of Natural Killer/T-Cell Lineage. Clin Med Insights Pathol 2021; 14:2632010X211065692. [PMID: 34927072 PMCID: PMC8671822 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x211065692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a well-defined cytotoxic lymphoma strongly associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, commonly affecting the nasopharynx and upper aerodigestive tract. Primary central nervous system (CNS) involvement is rare, and only 17 cases were previously reported in the literature. Here, we report the case of a 44-year-old male admitted with a 3-month history of personality changes and progressive right leg weakness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging studies (MRIs) revealed multiple rim-enhancing brain lesions bilaterally. An extensive clinical and laboratory workup was unrevealing, and 2 brain biopsies were initially considered inconclusive. Pertinently, no systemic lymphoproliferative disorder was identified. The patient initially experienced remarkable clinical improvement with dexamethasone, pulse methylprednisolone, and rituximab therapy. However, he eventually had rapid clinical deterioration, was found to have increased brain lesions, and died nearly 6 months after the initial presentation. During this time, the second brain biopsy was found to show involvement by T-cell lymphoma of NK-cell lineage, which was EBV negative. No post-mortem examination was done to identify any systemic lymphoma. This case serves to expand the spectrum of lymphomas involving the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim I Kajtazi
- Department of Neurology, National Neurosciences Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Mohammed Bafaquh
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neurosciences Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Juman Al Ghamdi
- Medical Imaging Administration, Neurointervention Radiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Zahra AlEissa
- Department of Neurology, National Neurosciences Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Arwa Al Shmeikh
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neurosciences Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Ali Alsaeed
- Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Tarek Sulaiman
- Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, KSA
| | - M Adelita Vizcaino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Majed Al Hameed
- Department of Neurology, National Neurosciences Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Aditya Raghunathan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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11
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Akbar M, Clasen-Linde E, Specht L. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, with extranasal presentation - a case report and a review of the literature. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:1480-1487. [PMID: 32689856 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2020.1795250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL), nasal type is a very rare and aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Most commonly it occurs in the upper aerodigestive tract. But, it can also manifest at locations such as the skin, soft tissue, gastrointestinal tract (GI), lungs, testis, etc. These locations are designated as extranasal ENKTCL. The patients with the latter have often more adverse clinical features and poorer survival rate compared with nasal sites. We present a case of an 83-year-old patient with a primary ENKTCL, nasal type, with extranasal presentation in the right upper eyelid. MATERIAL AND METHODS Materials for the literature review was obtained by a comprehensive search on PubMed, which yielded 82 eligible cases with extranasal ENKTCL. RESULTS Sixty-eight cases (83 %) were localized as primary ENKTCL in the lungs (17), central nervous system (CNS) (14), testis (11), GI-tract (7), skin (6), orbit and intraocular tissue (4), pancreas (2), adrenal gland (2), breast (1), etc. 14 cases (17 %) presented as extended or disseminated diseases involving exclusively organs outside the upper aerodigestive tract. There was no systematic pattern of organ involvement in the extended/disseminated ENKTCL. 63 % of the patient with localized extranasal ENKTCL and about 50% of patients with extended/disseminated disease were reported to have died of the disease. Treatment strategies varied with no preferred option. Among the used treatment options were chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, stem cell transplantation alone or in different combinations. CONCLUSION ENKTCL is a highly aggressive disease which may present in extranasal areas. Although the tumors respond to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, durable complete remissions are very rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momena Akbar
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Clasen-Linde
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lena Specht
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Shin DW, Kim JH, Kim YH, Cho YH, Hong SH. Primary central nervous system lymphoma involving the hypothalamic-pituitary axis: a case series and pooled analysis. J Neurooncol 2020; 147:339-349. [PMID: 32221784 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) involving the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (H-P axis) is a rare intracranial neoplasm. We aimed to determine the unique characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with PCNSL at the H-P axis and review the literature. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of patients with PCNSL in our institute from 2000 to 2017. We analyzed patient characteristics, clinicopathologic features, imaging results, and treatment outcomes. Furthermore, we searched the PubMed database and gathered more cases from published studies to analyze patient treatment outcomes. RESULTS A total of 488 patients were diagnosed with central nervous system lymphoma at our institute. Seven (1.4%) patients had H-P axis involvement, five had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and two had mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. All patients had anterior pituitary lobe dysfunction, and two had posterior lobe dysfunction. The median progression-free survival (PFS) for seven patients was 29.0 (range: 0.9-48.1) months, and the 3-year survival rate was 42.9%. Pooled analysis included 45 patients. The median PFS for these patients was 7.0 months (0.9-52.0), and the 2-year survival rate was 20%. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the patients with visual field defects had better prognosis (p = 0.0153 and 0.043, respectively). CONCLUSION PCNSL at the H-P axis is associated with a higher rate of pituitary dysfunction than other parasellar pathologies. PCNSL at the H-P axis has a worse treatment outcome than PCNSL at other sites. However, visual field defect is related to a favorable prognosis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Won Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, 388-1 Pungnab-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, 388-1 Pungnab-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, 388-1 Pungnab-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, 388-1 Pungnab-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Ho Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, 388-1 Pungnab-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
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13
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Pan Q, Luo Y. Recurrence of nasal type NK/T cell lymphoma presenting as neurolymphomatosis on 18F-FDG PET/CT: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18640. [PMID: 31895825 PMCID: PMC6946263 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION NK/T cell lymphomas seldom involve the peripheral nervous system. We report a case of recurrent nasal type NK/T cell lymphoma presenting as neurolymphomatosis and its manifestation on F-FDG PET/CT. PATIENT CONCERNS A 55-year old man presented with a mass in the right nasal cavity was diagnosed with extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type. F-FDG PET/CT showed intense FDG uptake within the mass. After radiotherapy the nasal tumor was completely relieved, but the patient experienced numbness and amyosthenia in the right upper extremity one week after completion of radiotherapy. DIAGNOSIS PET/CT showed intense FDG uptake in the brachial plexus, axillary, suprascapular and median nerves, suggestive of recurrence of lymphoma presenting as neurolymphomatosis. INTERVENTIONS After 1 cycle of chemotherapy, the follow-up PET/CT showed markedly reduced FDG uptake in the previous involved nerves, demonstrating a very good response of neurolymphomatosis to chemotherapy. OUTCOMES The patient finally had a progression free survival of 8 months after completion of 4 cycles of chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. LESSONS As neurolymphomatosis is a rare neurologic manifestation in recurrence of NK/T cell lymphoma, recognition of its presentation is important for prompt diagnosis and initiating treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine; Beijing, PR China
| | - Yaping Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine; Beijing, PR China
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14
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Duan L, Liu J, Zhang Y, Cui L, Zhai X, Pan B, Lu L, Pan H, Yao Y, Zhu H. Primary Pituitary Lymphoma in Immunocompetent Patients: A Report on Two Case Studies and the Review of Literature. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:562850. [PMID: 33613443 PMCID: PMC7890261 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.562850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary pituitary lymphoma (PPL) represents an extremely rare entity. Here, we have reported two recently identified cases of immunocompetent PPL having diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by surgical biopsy. Both patients had hypopituitarism, with one patient developing right ptosis. In both patients, MRI and FDG-PET/CT depicted sellar mass that extended into the cavernous sinus with the right sphenoid also present in one of the patients. No systemic disease was found in these two patients. Surprisingly, we found that both patients had infiltrative lesions in sphenoid sinus mucosa pathologically, but the sphenoid bones that composed the sellar base were visually intact during the biopsy procedure. Chemotherapy was administered to both patients, where one patient achieved remission at the recent follow-up, whereas the other one did not respond to the treatment. The diagnosis of PPL is usually difficult if solely dependent on history, clinical presentation, biochemical indexes, and radiographic findings. We have also updated and reviewed the epidemiologic features, clinical presentations, pathological characteristics, potential mechanisms, therapeutic orientation, and prognostic advances of PPL. A total of 40 cases (including ours and four pediatric patients), histologically diagnosed, were analyzed in terms of clinical presentation, endocrine abnormality, radiological features, pathology, treatment, and follow-up. Hypopituitarism and headache were the most common presentation of PPL, while diabetes insipidus was reported in 13 patients (43.3%). B cell lymphoma was the most common type of pathology, followed by T-cell and NK/T cell. PPL was more invasive in nature at the suprasellar region (72.5%), cavernous sinus (52.5%), and sphenoidal sinus (27.5%) in 29, 21, and 11 patients, respectively. Pediatric patients with PPL seem to be different compared to their adult counterparts in terms of pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and radiological features. The management of PPL usually follows the treatment protocols for PCNSL but has a poor prognosis compared to the pituitary involvement of systemic lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Duan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Cui
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Boju Pan
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Yao, ; Huijuan Zhu,
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Yao, ; Huijuan Zhu,
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15
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Kaltsas GA, Kolomodi D, Randeva H, Grossman A. Nonneuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Pituitary Region. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:3108-3123. [PMID: 30779850 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although most sellar lesions are related to pituitary adenomas, the region gives rise to a variety of neoplasms that can be associated with substantial morbidity and/or mortality. DESIGN Information from reviews and guidelines of relevant societies dealing with such neoplasms, as well as articles that have provided new developments that made important contributions to their pathogenesis and treatment up to 2018, were obtained: public indexes such as PubMed/MEDLINE were used with the relevant search items. RESULTS Sellar neoplasms have a worse outcome than pituitary adenomas that is related not only to their natural history but also to side effects of therapies and evolving endocrine and/or hypothalamic deficiencies. Recent imaging advances have established the radiological fingerprint of some of these neoplasms, and several chromosomal aberrations have also been identified. Although established approaches along with new surgical and radiotherapeutic approaches remain the main treatment modalities, recent evidence has provided insight into their molecular pathogenesis involving, other than chemotherapy, treatments with targeted agents as in gliomas and craniopharyngiomas bearing BRAF mutations. Development of predictive markers of recurrences may also identify high-risk patients, including proliferative markers and expression of the progesterone receptor in meningiomas, and lead to less aggressive surgery. Owing to the rarity and complexity of these neoplasms, patients should be managed in dedicated centers. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis and management of sellar neoplasms necessitate a multidisciplinary approach. Following evolving recent advances in their diagnosis and therapy, such a multidisciplinary approach needs to be extended to establish evidence-based diagnostic and management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Kaltsas
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- WISDEM Centre, University Hospital of Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Dionysia Kolomodi
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Harpal Randeva
- WISDEM Centre, University Hospital of Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Grossman
- Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Primary Central Nervous System Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type Colliding with Meningioma. World Neurosurg 2018; 120:17-26. [PMID: 30144614 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collision tumors are defined as coexistence of 2 histologically different neoplasms occurring in the same anatomic location. Such co-occurrence of tumors in the brain is uncommon. To our knowledge, meningioma colliding with extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma has not been described previously. CASE DESCRIPTION A 50-year-old man presented with a 1-year history of progressive memory decline and 2 weeks of drowsiness, bradykinesia, and aphasia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogeneously enhanced mass beside the left frontal cerebral falx resulting in midline shift. The left frontal lobe mass was resected. Pathologic examination showed the tumor consisted of whorled spindle cells and diffuse medium-sized lymphoid cells. The spindle cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen and negative for S-100. The lymphoid cells expressed CD3ε, CD56, TIA-1, and granzyme B. Epstein-Barr virus encoded small RNAs were detected by in situ hybridization. No monoclonal T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement was detected. Four weeks after surgery, the patient was treated with polychemotherapy and intrathecal methotrexate, but he died 2 months later. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of a unique brain collision tumor consisting of a meningioma and an extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Diagnosis depends on histopathology. Awareness of this entity is important to distinguish it from other intracranial tumors.
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17
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Abstract
The hematolymphoid infiltrations are challenging lesions in endocrine organs and tissues. The fourth edition of WHO classification of tumors of endocrine organs and the fourth edition of WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues are recently published. The updates in both fields include some new disease descriptions and prognostic markers. Our aim in this review article is to give practical diagnostic information about the most frequently seen hematolymphoid involvements of the pituitary gland, thyroid, and adrenal tissue. We designed the text in the order of organs and the contents according to the disease frequency. The pituitary gland and cellar region are the most frequently involved with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Although it is very rare, Erdheim-Chester disease has recently been included in the classification and still needs more clear diagnostic definitions. Lymphoproliferative thyroid lesions and presentations create diagnostic problems for the pathologists. IGG4-related disease and its relation with thyroiditis is a new concept. There are many unknowns on pathobiology of the disease spectrum and discussion on defined diagnostic criteria of the IGG4-related thyroid diseases. The overlapping features of thyroiditis and primary thyroid lymphomas also create diagnostic difficulties. The frequently recognized primary hematolymphoid lesions of the endocrine organs may not be difficult to diagnose since they are expected lesions. The secondary involvement of hematolymphoid neoplasia may be more difficult to diagnose for an endocrine pathologist. In this review article, we aim to give brief description of the diseases and practical diagnostic approach by using optimum markers guided by the latest WHO classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isinsu Kuzu
- Department of Medical Pathology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ahmet Adnan Saygun Cad. No:35. Morphology Building, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Hematopathology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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18
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Velho V, Guha A, Naik H, Bhople L, Jain N. Unravelling Hitherto Unreported Masses Camouflaged as Pituitary Macro Adenomas. Asian J Neurosurg 2018; 13:1005-1007. [PMID: 30459857 PMCID: PMC6208214 DOI: 10.4103/ajns.ajns_17_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lesions of the pituitary gland and the juxtasellar region are quite frequently encountered in daily practise of a neurologist/neurosurgeon. While the differentials of sellar masses are quite large and form an extensive list and the management protocol varies in each case, the onus of properly categorizing and diagnosing the pituitary mass often falls on the reporting radiologist. We hereby present two such unusual masses in the sellar-suprasellar region which were masquerading as pituitary macro adenomas. Materials and Methods Two cases of sellar-suprasellar masses which were preoperatively diagnosed as pituitary macro-adenomas on radiological imaging proved out to be pituitary natural killer cell lymphoma and lepromatous abscess. Results The first one is a rare case of pituitary abscess seen in a lepromatous patient which is not yet reported in the literature. The second case is of primary pituitary natural killer cell lymphoma which is almost entirely unknown, with only two such cases being reported worldwide till date. Conclusion It is important to realize that all enhancing pituitary lesions are not macro adenomas and it is necessary to have a high index of suspicion in such cases. The clinical implications of such an error and steps that can be taken to prevent misinterpretations of unusual sellar masses camouflaging as pituitary macro adenomas have been briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon Velho
- Department of Neurosurgery, J.J. Group of Hospitals and Grant Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amrita Guha
- Department of Radiology, J.J. Group of Hospitals and Grant Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harish Naik
- Department of Neurosurgery, J.J. Group of Hospitals and Grant Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Laxmikant Bhople
- Department of Neurosurgery, J.J. Group of Hospitals and Grant Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nimesh Jain
- Department of Neurosurgery, J.J. Group of Hospitals and Grant Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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19
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Li D, Fu F, Lian L. Primary central nervous system extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma with CD20 expression. Neuropathology 2017; 38:198-204. [PMID: 29063643 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dujuan Li
- Department of Pathology; Henan Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University); Zhengzhou China
| | - Fangfang Fu
- Department of Radiology; Henan Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University); Zhengzhou China
| | - Lifei Lian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
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20
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Brett FM, Flavin R, Chen D, Loftus T, Looby S, McCarthy A, de Gascun C, Jaffe ES, Nor N, Javadpour M, McCabe D. EBV driven natural killer cell disease of the central nervous system presenting as subacute cognitive decline. HUMAN PATHOLOGY: CASE REPORTS 2017; 10:64-68. [PMID: 28845389 PMCID: PMC5568754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain biopsy in patients presenting with subacute encephalopathyis never straightforward and only undertaken when a ‘treatable condition’ is a realistic possibility. This 63 year old right handed, immunocompetent Caucasian woman presented with an 8 month history of rapidly progressive right-sided hearing impairment, a 4 month history of intermittent headaches, tinnitus, ‘dizziness’, dysphagia, nausea and vomiting, with the subsequent evolution of progressive gait ataxia and a subacute global encephalopathy. The possibility of CJD was raised. Brain biopsy was carried out. Western blot for prion protein was negative. She died 9 days later and autopsy brain examination confirmed widespread subacute infarction due to an EBV positive atypical NK/T-cell infiltrate with positivity for CD3, CD56, granzyme B, perforin and EBER with absence of CD4, CD5 and CD8 expression. Molecular studies for T-cell clonality were attempted but failed due to insufficient DNA quality. Serology was consistent with past EBV infection (EBV VCA and EBNA IgG Positive). There was no evidence of disease outside the CNS. Primary central nervous system NK/T-cell lymphoma is extremely rare. The rare reported cases all present with a discrete intracranial mass, unlike the diffuse infiltrative pattern in this case. Whilst the diffuse interstitial pattern is reminiscent of chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) seen in other organ systems such as the liver and bone marrow, the clinical presentation and epidemiologic profile are not typical for CAEBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Brett
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, RCSI, Beaumont Hospital Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard Flavin
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daphne Chen
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, RCSI, Beaumont Hospital Dublin, Ireland
| | - Teresa Loftus
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, RCSI, Beaumont Hospital Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamus Looby
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, RCSI, Beaumont Hospital Dublin, Ireland
| | - Allan McCarthy
- Department of Neurology, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Stroke Service, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Nurul Nor
- Midland Regional Hospital, Tullamore, Ireland
| | - Mohsen Javadpour
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, RCSI, Beaumont Hospital Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dominick McCabe
- Department of Neurology, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Stroke Service, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Vascular Neurology Research Foundation, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free Campus, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Academic Unit of Neurology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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21
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Brett FM, Looby S, Chalissery A, Chen D, Heaney C, Heffernan J, Cunningham F, Howley R, Loftus T, Kearney H, Farrell MA. Brain biopsies requiring Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease precautions in the Republic of Ireland 2005-2016. Ir J Med Sci 2017; 187:515-520. [PMID: 28803271 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-017-1673-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) risk precautions are required when performing brain biopsies on patients with a dementing illness and in 'risk' groups. The impact on a diagnostic neuropathology service is considerable. We sought to determine if better case selection might reduce the necessity for application of CJD risk precautions. METHODS We reviewed the clinical information, contributory investigations and final neuropathologic diagnosis in a cohort of patients (n = 21), referred to the National CJD Surveillance Centre between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2016. RESULTS Of this 21-patient cohort, five were positive for CJD, four belonged to the 'at risk of CJD' category requiring brain surgery, while the remaining 12 were referred to the National CJD Surveillance Unit with CJD as part of their differential diagnosis. CJD was confirmed in 5/21 (three sporadic [s]CJD, one variant [v]CJD and one iatrogenic [i] CJD). CJD was clinically probable in 4/5 proven CJD patients (80%). The patients (n = 4) in the 'at risk of CJD' group were diagnosed with tumour (n = 2), inflammation (n = 1) and non-specific changes (n = 1). Of the remaining 12 patients (in whom CJD was included in the differential diagnosis), the final neuropathologic diagnoses included tumour (n = 2), neurodegenerative (n = 2), inflammatory (n = 1), metabolic (n = 2), vascular (n = 2) and non-specific gliosis (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS More often than not, the clinical suspicion of CJD was not borne out by the final neuropathological diagnosis. Failure by clinicians to adhere to the recommended CJD investigation algorithm impacts adversely on the neuropathology workload and causes unnecessary concern among operating theatre, laboratory and nursing personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Brett
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - S Looby
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - A Chalissery
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - D Chen
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - C Heaney
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - J Heffernan
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - F Cunningham
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - R Howley
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - T Loftus
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - H Kearney
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - M A Farrell
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
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22
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Miyata-Takata T, Takata K, Kato S, Hu LM, Noujima-Harada M, Chuang SS, Sato Y, Maeda Y, Yoshino T. Clinicopathological analysis of primary central nervous system NK/T cell lymphoma: rare and localized aggressive tumour among extranasal NK/T cell tumours. Histopathology 2017; 71:287-295. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Miyata-Takata
- Department of Pathology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Pathology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | - Seiichi Kato
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Nagoya University Hospital; Nagoya Japan
| | - Lei-Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Nagoya University Hospital; Nagoya Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Mai Noujima-Harada
- Department of Pathology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | | | - Yasuharu Sato
- Department of Pathology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshino
- Department of Pathology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
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23
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Mai HC, Chen DX, Lu D, Zhang YS. Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma presenting as cavernous sinus syndrome. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 6:543-546. [PMID: 28413664 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphomas are rare, highly aggressive tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) that commonly affect the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. NK/T-cell lymphomas are associated with a poor prognosis, as they exhibit a wide range of unique clinical presentations and neuroimaging findings that are currently difficult to detect. Pathological examination is considered to be more reliable for defining the pathological entity of NK/T-cell lymphoma. Early testing for fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography may improve the evaluation of lymphomas, which have been known to display avid 18FDG uptake. The authors herein report a case of NK/T-cell lymphoma presenting with cavernous sinus syndrome involving the CNS via direct extension from the nose. NK/T-cell lymphomas are very aggressive, with an unfavorable clinical outcome, and the optimal therapy has not yet been clearly defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Cheng Mai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Xia Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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24
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Imai A, Takase H, Imadome KI, Matsuda G, Ohnishi I, Yamamoto K, Kudo T, Tanaka Y, Maehara T, Miura O, Arai A. Development of Extranodal NK/T-cell Lymphoma Nasal Type in Cerebrum Following Epstein-Barr Virus-positive Uveitis. Intern Med 2017; 56:1409-1414. [PMID: 28566607 PMCID: PMC5498208 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 74-year-old woman developed bilateral uveitis with high Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA load in the vitreous fluid without lymphoma cells. Four years after the onset, T2-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI revealed hyperintense lesions in the right occipital and parietal lobe. A biopsy resulted in the diagnosis of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma nasal type (ENKL). The repeat region of LMP1, an EBV gene, detected in the brain lesion was identical to that detected in the vitreous fluid. ENKL of the central nervous system is quite rare, and the pathogenesis has not been determined. The lymphoma in this case might have been closely associated with the EBV-positive uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Imai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Imadome
- Division of Advanced Medicine for Virus Infections, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Japan
| | - Go Matsuda
- Division of Advanced Medicine for Virus Infections, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Japan
| | - Iichiro Ohnishi
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamamoto
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Takumi Kudo
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Yoji Tanaka
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Maehara
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Ayako Arai
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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Tarabay A, Cossu G, Berhouma M, Levivier M, Daniel RT, Messerer M. Primary pituitary lymphoma: an update of the literature. J Neurooncol 2016; 130:383-395. [PMID: 27581598 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary intracranial lymphomas (Weller et al. in Neuro Oncol 14(12):1481-1484, 2012) are an emerging disease and an isolated localization in the pituitary gland i.e. primary pituitary lymphoma (PPL) represents a rare condition. We present an update of the most recent evidence for PPL through a systematic review of the literature. A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed database up to October 2015. The population was defined as immunocompetent patients with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of PPL. Patients' characteristics, clinical presentation, radiological features, pathology reports, adjuvant treatment and follow-up data were analyzed. We reported one case of PPL and included our data in this analysis. A total of 33 cases of PPL were identified, including ours. A slight not significant female prevalence was evident, with a mean age of 59 years at diagnosis. Visual troubles and headaches were the most common presenting symptoms. About 80 % of patients presented a cranial nerve (CN) deficit. The most frequently involved were the II and III CN. Anterior hypopituitarism was present in 70 % of cases and a diabetes insipidus in 36 % of cases. PPL was rarely limited to the sella and most often extended to the suprasellar and parasellar space. 70 % of cases underwent resection, 21 % a biopsy. A B-cell lymphoma was isolated in 82 % of cases, a T-cell lymphoma in 15 % and a NK/T cell lymphoma in one case. Overall mean survival rate was 14.4 months (95 % confidence interval 9.0-19.8 months) and there was no difference in terms of survival rates when patients were stratified according to the treatment they received. PPL is an emerging clinical entity. Literature data are too scarce to allow the definition of specific protocols of treatment and the management is based on the guidelines present for PCNSL. The role of surgery aiming at a complete resection of PPL should be reevaluated in wider studies including only this category of patients, to establish the real role of each therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tarabay
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Cossu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Berhouma
- Skull Base Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosurgery B, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological and Neurosurgical Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M Levivier
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R T Daniel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Messerer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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27
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Izumi K, Fujita K, Fukutsuka K, Hayashida M, Akasaka T, Ohno H. MYC/BCL2/BCL6 triple-hit lymphoma that presented with a suprasellar tumor and meningeal dissemination: A case report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.12936/tenrikiyo.19-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kumi Fujita
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Tenri Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Hitoshi Ohno
- Department of Hematology, Tenri Hospital
- Tenri Institute of Medical Research
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28
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Primary Central Nervous System Natural Killer Cell Lymphoma in a Chinese Woman with Atypical 11 C-Choline Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry Findings. World Neurosurg 2015; 84:1176.e5-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Grisold W, Grisold A, Marosi C, Meng S, Briani C. Neuropathies associated with lymphoma †. Neurooncol Pract 2015; 2:167-178. [PMID: 31386037 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npv025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathy occurs with various manifestations as a consequence of lymphoma, and an understanding of the etiology is necessary for proper treatment. Advances in medical imaging have improved the detection of peripheral nerve involvement in lymphoma, yet tissue diagnosis is often equally important. The neoplastic involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in lymphoma can occur within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), inside the dura, or outside of the CSF space, affecting nerve root plexuses and peripheral nerves. The infiltration of either cranial or peripheral nerves in lymphoma is termed neurolymphomatosis (NL). These infiltrations can occur as mononeuropathy, multifocal neuropathy, symmetric neuropathies, or plexopathies. In rare cases, intravascular lymphoma (IL) can affect the PNS and an even rarer condition is the combination of NL and IL. Immune-mediated and paraneoplastic neuropathies are important considerations when treating patients with lymphoma. Demyelinating neuropathies, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, occur more frequently in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma than in Hodgkin's disease. Paraproteinemic neuropathies can be associated with lymphoma and paraneoplastic neuropathies are rare. While the treatment of lymphomas has improved, a knowledge of neurotoxic, radiotherapy, neoplastic, immune-mediated and paraneoplastic effects are important for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Grisold
- Department of Neurology, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, Vienna 1100, Austria (W.G.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria (A.G.); Department of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria (C.M.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, Vienna 1100, Austria (S.M.); Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 5, Padova 35128, Italy (C.B.)
| | - Anna Grisold
- Department of Neurology, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, Vienna 1100, Austria (W.G.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria (A.G.); Department of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria (C.M.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, Vienna 1100, Austria (S.M.); Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 5, Padova 35128, Italy (C.B.)
| | - Christine Marosi
- Department of Neurology, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, Vienna 1100, Austria (W.G.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria (A.G.); Department of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria (C.M.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, Vienna 1100, Austria (S.M.); Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 5, Padova 35128, Italy (C.B.)
| | - Stefan Meng
- Department of Neurology, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, Vienna 1100, Austria (W.G.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria (A.G.); Department of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria (C.M.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, Vienna 1100, Austria (S.M.); Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 5, Padova 35128, Italy (C.B.)
| | - Chiara Briani
- Department of Neurology, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, Vienna 1100, Austria (W.G.); Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria (A.G.); Department of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria (C.M.); Department of Radiology, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, Kundratstraße 3, Vienna 1100, Austria (S.M.); Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 5, Padova 35128, Italy (C.B.)
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Jiang X, Yin W, Song J, Chen X, Zhao C, Wen F. Primary central nervous system extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, with antecedent hemophagocytic syndrome in a child. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2014; 17:482-6. [PMID: 25207703 DOI: 10.2350/14-02-1441-cr.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Primary central nervous system (CNS) extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (NKTCL), is an exceedingly uncommon entity. Here, we present a case of CNS NKTCL that manifested initially as hemophagocytic syndrome 4 months earlier in a 13-year-old girl. Histological examination revealed the cerebellum mass was composed of large-sized and atypical tumor cells, with an angiocentric and angiodestructive growth pattern and prominent necrosis. The tumor cells exhibited marked pleomorphism with conspicuous nucleoli and prominent mitotic activity. Immunohistochemical staining showed the tumor cells were positive for CD45, CD2, CD3ε, CD30, CD43, CD56, and granzyme B. Epstein-Barr virus--encoded ribonucleic acid was expressed in almost all of the nuclei of the lymphoma cells. The T-cell receptor γ chain gene rearrangement study showed no evidence of a clonal rearrangement. The patient was treated with etoposide and dexamethasone and died a few days after the operation. As far as we know, this case is the 1st pediatric and female patient of primary CNS NKTCL with antecedent hemophagocytic syndrome, which highlights the clinical data and is helpful for the diagnosis of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Jiang
- 1 Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Road Yitian, Futian District, Shenzhen 518026, China
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31
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Dang YL, Hor JY, Chia YK, Lim TT, Eow GB. Suprasellar lymphoma masquerading as tuberculosis of the central nervous system. Acta Neurol Belg 2014; 114:239-41. [PMID: 23757110 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-013-0217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Primary natural killer/T-cell lymphoma presenting as leptomeningeal disease. J Neurol Sci 2014; 343:46-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Malignant lymphoma in the parasellar region. Case Rep Med 2014; 2014:747280. [PMID: 24660002 PMCID: PMC3934533 DOI: 10.1155/2014/747280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The entity of pituitary (sellar or parasellar) lymphoma includes primary pituitary lymphoma (PPL) and secondary pituitary lymphoma (SPL). The latter has an involvement of systemic lymphoma. Both of these lymphomas are extremely rare. We describe a patient with SPL showing a good prognosis. A 78-year-old woman presented with diplopia, left ptosis, and back pain. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a parasellar mass lesion extending to the upper clivus and another mass lesion with compression fracture of the Th3 vertebral body. Transsphenoidal exploration was performed, and it showed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Based on the positive tumor cells in the following bone marrow aspiration and hepatosplenomegaly in computed tomography (CT) findings, this patient was diagnosed as having a pituitary involvement of systemic lymphoma. After chemotherapy, she achieved complete remission for 4 years. The entity of pituitary lymphoma is extremely rare. Nineteen cases of PPL and 16 cases of SPL have been reported. Generally, clinical and radiological diagnosis was difficult because there are no specific findings. Therefore, biopsy was necessary in all of the cases. T2 hypointensity of a lesion in MR imaging in addition to an elevated serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in a patient with a sellar lesion can be useful clues for the differential diagnosis of this rare disease.
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34
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Prajapati HJ, Vincentelli C, Hwang SN, Voloschin A, Crocker I, Dehkharghani S. Primary CNS natural killer/T-cell lymphoma of the nasal type presenting in a woman: case report and review of the literature. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:e26-9. [PMID: 24419127 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.47.6796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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35
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Primary CNS lymphoma arising in the region of the optic nerve presenting as loss of vision: 2 case reports, including a patient with a massive intracerebral hemorrhage. Brain Tumor Pathol 2013; 31:222-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10014-013-0159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Ogura R, Aoki H, Natsumeda M, Shimizu H, Kobayashi T, Saito T, Takizawa J, Okamoto K, Hasegawa G, Umezu H, Ohshima K, Takahashi H, Fujii Y, Kakita A. Epstein‐
B
arr virus‐associated primary central nervous system cytotoxic
T
‐cell lymphoma. Neuropathology 2012; 33:436-41. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Ogura
- Department of Neurosurgery University of Niigata Niigata Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aoki
- Department of Neurosurgery University of Niigata Niigata Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Pathology Brain Research Institute University of Niigata Niigata Japan
| | | | | | - Jun Takizawa
- Division of Hematology University of Niigata Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science Niigata Japan
| | | | - Go Hasegawa
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology University of Niigata Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science Niigata Japan
| | - Hajime Umezu
- Department of Pathology University of Niigata Hospital Niigata Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Takahashi
- Department of Pathology Brain Research Institute University of Niigata Niigata Japan
| | - Yukihiko Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery University of Niigata Niigata Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology Brain Research Institute University of Niigata Niigata Japan
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37
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Rainsbury P, Mitchell-Innes A, Clifton N, Khalil H. Primary lymphoma of the pituitary gland: an unusual cause of hemianopia in an immunocompetent patient. JRSM SHORT REPORTS 2012; 3:55. [PMID: 23301143 PMCID: PMC3434436 DOI: 10.1258/shorts.2012.012067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pg Rainsbury
- Salisbury District Hospital , Salisbury , Wiltshire SP2 8BJ , UK
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38
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Li DM, Lun LD. Mucor irregularis infection and lethal midline granuloma: a case report and review of published literature. Mycopathologia 2012; 174:429-39. [PMID: 22744721 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-012-9559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mucor irregularis (Rhizomucor variabilis) infection and lethal midline granuloma (LMG) are characterized by progressive swelling, ulceration, and destruction of the central face that is usually fatal. Pathological features are inflammation, necrosis, and granulation. LMG has been called by various names, and in recent years, it has been known as NK/T cell lymphoma. However, diagnosis still relies on the progressive necrosis course rather than malignancy in histology. The disease has long challenged physicians, particularly when it worsens with radiotherapy or chemotherapy but sometimes achieves total remission without anti-malignancy therapies. We describe a 35-year-old man who had typical clinical-pathological symptoms of LMG, which turned out to be primary M. irregularis infection; that was diagnosed by positive tissue culture and fungal elements in histology. The patient was successfully treated with antifungal therapy (liposomal amphotericin B, total 4,600 mg and amphotericin B total 277 mg, over a duration of 70 days). We hereby review current knowledge about the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, radiographic characteristics, and pathologic features of LMG with those of M. irregularis infection and their associations. We conclude that primary M. irregulars infection can mimic the clinico-pathological symptoms of LMG and the condition responds favorably to aggressive antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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39
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Malaise O, Frusch N, Beck E, Servais S, Caers J, Caers J, de Prijck B, Betea D, Beguin Y. Panhypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus in a patient with primary central nervous system lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:2515-6. [PMID: 22563813 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.682312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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40
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Huang APH, Wu MZ, Kuo MF. Pediatric primary lymphoma of the pituitary stalk: a different disease entity from the adult form? J Formos Med Assoc 2012; 112:171-2. [PMID: 23473531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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41
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Wiens AL, Hagen MC, Bonnin JM, Rizzo KA. T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia presenting as a pituitary mass lesion: a case report and review of the literature. Neuropathology 2012; 32:668-74. [PMID: 22432597 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2012.01314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a rare case of primary T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma of the pituitary gland. A 58-year-old woman presented with headaches, right-sided ptosis and cranial nerve III palsy. She subsequently developed polyuria, polydipsia, and hyperglycemia and was found to have hypopituitarism. MRI revealed a large, heterogeneously enhancing intrasellar/suprasellar lesion displacing the optic chiasm and extending into the right cavernous sinus. Radiologically, these findings were thought to represent an invasive pituitary adenoma. Pterional craniotomy was performed with subtotal tumor resection. Histopathological examination revealed a T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (T-LBL) admixed with pituitary corticotrophic cell hyperplasia. CT scans of the chest, abdomen and pelvis showed no evidence of systemic disease. Analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow, including flow cytometry, demonstrated no involvement by T-LBL. Follow-up MRI of the spine revealed abnormalities in the distal thoracic spinal cord and conus medullaris, raising suspicions of leptomeningeal dissemination. Only five case reports of T-cell primary pituitary lymphoma (PPL) have been previously described, four of which were associated with hypopituitarism and/or concurrent pituitary adenoma. We present the first report of a T-cell PPL associated with adenohypophyseal hyperplasia and the third documented occurrence of a primary pituitary T-LBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Wiens
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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42
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Carrasco CA, Rojas-Z D, Chiorino R, González G. Primary pituitary lymphoma in immunocompetent patient: diagnostic problems and prolonged follow-up. Pituitary 2012; 15:93-6. [PMID: 20146099 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-010-0219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary pituitary lymphoma in immunocompetent patients is a rare disease and has been described in less than 20 cases. Moreover, low-grade lymphomas constitute only 3% of all primary central nervous system lymphoma. The objective of this report is to report a low-grade primary pituitary lymphoma, diagnostic problems and to give more evidence about the evolution of this rare disease. A 49 y.o. woman was referred to our clinic with symptoms of hypopituitarism. A diagnostic work-up showed mild anemia, an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 122 mm/h and a negative Elisa test for HIV. Panhypopituitarism was confirmed and the MRI showed a 20 mm sellar and suprasellar enhancing mass with a thickening of the pituitary stalk, chiasmal compression and bitemporal hemianopsia. She underwent transsphenoidal resection only 10 months later for non medical reasons. During this period she was clinically asymptomatic on hormonal replacement therapy. A new MRI showed regression of the suprasellar extension and invasion to the left cavernous sinus. A firm and infiltrative mass was found during transsphenoidal surgery, and only partial resection was performed. Biopsy showed a low-grade lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Staging was negative for other localizations. She was given chemotherapy and localized radiotherapy. Four years after surgery, the sellar MRI showed a 10 mm residual sellar mass with the persistence of a cavernous sinus invasion and she is considered to be in remission. The neurosurgeon and clinician should consider primary pituitary lymphoma as a potential cause of a sellar mass, especially in the presence of diabetes insipidus and an enhancing invasive mass. Neurosurgical biopsy is crucial for a correct diagnosis and prognosis could be better than classic CNS primary lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen A Carrasco
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Lira 85, 5º Piso, Santiago, Chile.
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43
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Low field MR imaging of sellar and parasellar lesions: Experience in a developing country hospital. Eur J Radiol 2012; 81:e139-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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44
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Primary pituitary lymphoma in an immunocompetent patient: a rare clinical entity. J Neurol 2011; 259:297-305. [PMID: 21932128 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-6179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Primary pituitary lymphoma in immunocompetent patients is an exceedingly rare clinical entity. We report the case of a 41-year-old woman with initial polydipsia and polyuria. When laboratory evaluation revealed panhypopituitarism, a pituitary enhanced MRI was performed and was suggestive of a pituitary adenoma. Obstructive hydrocephalus provoked by enlarged sellar mass was also demonstrated during observation, and a shunt procedure following lesion resection was carried out. Histopathological examination and immunophenotyping verified diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. No systemic disease was found on staging of the patient. We will also review the clinical, radiological features and outcomes of 28 cases that have been reported since 1993.
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45
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Nagireddy S, Avery RA, Kakivayi S, Matin K. Natural killer T-cell lymphoma presenting as adrenal mass and partial adrenal insufficiency followed by CNS involvement. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:e431-3. [PMID: 21383293 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.33.6396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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46
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Fadoukhair Z, Amzerin M, Ismaili N, Belbaraka R, Latib R, Sbitti Y, M'rabti H, Boutayeb S, Ichou M, Errihani H. Symptomatic hypopituitarism revealing primary suprasellar lymphoma. BMC Endocr Disord 2010; 10:19. [PMID: 21114849 PMCID: PMC3006376 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-10-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common cause of hypopituitarism is pituitary adenoma. However, in the case of suprasellar masses different etiologies are possible. We report an unusual case of primary suprasellar lymphoma presented with hypopituitarism. CASE PRESENTATION A 26 year old woman presented with amenorrhea, galactorrhea and neurological disorders. Also, the laboratory work-up revealed partial hypopituitarism. The magnetic resonance imaging of the head showed a suprasellar mass. A presumptive diagnosis of granulomatous processes was made and the patient was given steroid therapy. Repeated brain MRI detected new lesions in the brain with regression of the suprasellar mass. Stereotactic biopsy of the paraventricular lesion revealed the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma. CONCLUSION This case presentation reports a rare cause of hypopituitarism. Primary suprasellar lymphoma is extremely rare and represented a real diagnostic challenge. Besides, suprasellar masses are varied in aetiology and can present diagnostic problems for a radiologist. Also, because of the increased incidence of PCNSL, lymphoma must be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of lesions in the suprasellar region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouhour Fadoukhair
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mounia Amzerin
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nabil Ismaili
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rhizlane Belbaraka
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachida Latib
- Department of Radiology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yassir Sbitti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Military Instruction Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hind M'rabti
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Saber Boutayeb
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Ichou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Military Instruction Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hassan Errihani
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Rabat, Morocco
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Primary central nervous system extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: case report and review of the literature. J Neurooncol 2010; 103:387-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Meriden Z, Bullock GC, Bagg A, Bonatti H, Cousar JB, Lopes MB, Robbins MK, Cathro HP. Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease involving the pituitary gland. Hum Pathol 2010; 41:1641-5. [PMID: 20656316 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are heterogeneous lesions with variable morphology, immunophenotype, and molecular characteristics. Multiple distinct primary lesions can occur in PTLD, rarely with both B-cell and T-cell characteristics. Lesions can involve both grafted organs and other sites; however, PTLD involving the pituitary gland has not been previously reported. We describe a patient who developed Epstein-Barr virus-negative PTLD 13 years posttransplantation involving the terminal ileum and pituitary, which was simultaneously involved by a pituitary adenoma. Immunohistochemistry of the pituitary lesion showed expression of CD79a, CD3, and CD7 with clonal rearrangements of both T-cell receptor gamma chain (TRG@) and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH@) genes. The terminal ileal lesion was immunophenotypically and molecularly distinct. This is the first report of pituitary PTLD and illustrates the potentially complex nature of PTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zina Meriden
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800214, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Yasuda M, Akiyama N, Miyamoto S, Warabi M, Takahama Y, Kitamura M, Yakushiji F, Kinoshita H. Primary sellar lymphoma: intravascular large B-cell lymphoma diagnosed as a double cancer and improved with chemotherapy, and literature review of primary parasellar lymphoma. Pituitary 2010; 13:39-47. [PMID: 19707877 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-009-0196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is one of the causative factors of hypothalamus-pituitary dysfunction, and intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a subtype of primary extranodal neoplasm. A 69-year-old woman visited our hospital because of general fatigue. We diagnosed her with presumable non-functional primary pituitary adenoma and subsequent dysfunction. Eight months after, the patient revisited our hospital because of dyspnea. Though we conducted systemic investigations including chest and abdomen enhanced computer tomography, transbronchial lung biopsy, and bone marrow biopsy, the diagnosis was not confirmed. Inadvertently, a breast cancer was found, and the surgical specimen proved that the patient had double cancer-adenocarcinoma and IVLBCL. Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisolone regimen was initiated, and complete remission was achieved. Notably, the sellar mass returned to normal size with improved function. We reviewed 32 patients with primary parasellar lymphoma. In affected sites, both sellar and pituitary stalk (6.7%), both hypothalamus and pituitary stalk (6.7%), only sellar (63.3%), only pituitary stalk (6.7%), only hypothalamus (13.3%), and only clivus (3.3%) were observed. In hypothalamus-pituitary dysfunction, both anterior and posterior dysfunction (20.7%), only anterior dysfunction (58.6%), only posterior dysfunction (3.4%), and no dysfunction (17.2%) were observed. It seemed that hypothalamic lesion is related to both anterior and posterior dysfunction, while sellar lesion is related to mainly anterior dysfunction. In cranial nerve dysfunction, 2nd nerve dysfunction (45.2%) and 6th nerve dysfunction (35.5%) were frequently observed. It seemed that sellar lesion is related to both 2nd and 6th nerve dysfunction, while hypothalamic lesion is related to mainly 2nd nerve dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuko Yasuda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, 4-23-15, Koutoh-bashi, Sumida-ku, 130-8575, Tokyo, Japan
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Diabetes insipidus as main presentation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with hypophyseal involvement: Two case reports. Leuk Res 2010; 34:e32-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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