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Zaer H, Glud AN, Schneider BM, Lukacova S, Vang Hansen K, Adler JR, Høyer M, Jensen MB, Hansen R, Hoffmann L, Worm ES, Sørensen JCH, Orlowski D. Radionecrosis and cellular changes in small volume stereotactic brain radiosurgery in a porcine model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16223. [PMID: 33004849 PMCID: PMC7529917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has proven an effective tool for the treatment of brain tumors, arteriovenous malformation, and functional conditions. However, radiation-induced therapeutic effect in viable cells in functional SRS is also suggested. Evaluation of the proposed modulatory effect of irradiation on neuronal activity without causing cellular death requires the knowledge of radiation dose tolerance at very small tissue volume. Therefore, we aimed to establish a porcine model to study the effects of ultra-high radiosurgical doses in small volumes of the brain. Five minipigs received focal stereotactic radiosurgery with single large doses of 40–100 Gy to 5–7.5 mm fields in the left primary motor cortex and the right subcortical white matter, and one animal remained as unirradiated control. The animals were followed-up with serial MRI,
PET scans, and histology 6 months post-radiation. We observed a dose-dependent relation of the histological and MRI changes at 6 months post-radiation. The necrotic lesions were seen in the grey matter at 100 Gy and in white matter at 60 Gy. Furthermore, small volume radiosurgery at different dose levels induced vascular, as well as neuronal cell changes and glial cell remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Zaer
- Centre for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, indgang J, Plan 1, J118-125, (Krydspunkt 116), 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Nørgaard Glud
- Centre for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, indgang J, Plan 1, J118-125, (Krydspunkt 116), 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bret M Schneider
- Zap Surgical Systems, Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Slávka Lukacova
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Oncology and Radiation Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Vang Hansen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John R Adler
- Zap Surgical Systems, Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Morten Høyer
- Danish Center for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Bjørn Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Oncology and Radiation Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rune Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Oncology and Radiation Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lone Hoffmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Oncology and Radiation Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Schjødt Worm
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Oncology and Radiation Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Chr Hedemann Sørensen
- Centre for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, indgang J, Plan 1, J118-125, (Krydspunkt 116), 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dariusz Orlowski
- Centre for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, indgang J, Plan 1, J118-125, (Krydspunkt 116), 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Gamma knife irradiation of injured sciatic nerve induces histological and behavioral improvement in the rat neuropathic pain model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61010. [PMID: 23593377 PMCID: PMC3625209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of gamma knife (GK) irradiation on injured nerves using a rat partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL) model. GK irradiation was performed at one week after ligation and nerve preparations were made three weeks after ligation. GK irradiation is known to induce immune responses such as glial cell activation in the central nervous system. Thus, we determined the effects of GK irradiation on macrophages using immunoblot and histochemical analyses. Expression of Iba-1 protein, a macrophage marker, was further increased in GK-treated injured nerves as compared with non-irradiated injured nerves. Immunohistochemical study of Iba-1 in GK-irradiated injured sciatic nerves demonstrated Iba-1 positive macrophage accumulation to be enhanced in areas distal to the ligation point. In the same area, myelin debris was also more efficiently removed by GK-irradiation. Myelin debris clearance by macrophages is thought to contribute to a permissive environment for axon growth. In the immunoblot study, GK irradiation significantly increased expressions of βIII-tubulin protein and myelin protein zero, which are markers of axon regeneration and re-myelination, respectively. Toluidine blue staining revealed the re-myelinated fiber diameter to be larger at proximal sites and that the re-myelinated fiber number was increased at distal sites in GK-irradiated injured nerves as compared with non-irradiated injured nerves. These results suggest that GK irradiation of injured nerves facilitates regeneration and re-myelination. In a behavior study, early alleviation of allodynia was observed with GK irradiation in PSL rats. When GK-induced alleviation of allodynia was initially detected, the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a potent analgesic factor, was significantly increased by GK irradiation. These results suggested that GK irradiation alleviates allodynia via increased GDNF. This study provides novel evidence that GK irradiation of injured peripheral nerves may have beneficial effects.
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Wiant D, Atwood TF, Olson J, Papagikos M, Forbes ME, Riddle DR, Bourland JD. Gamma knife radiosurgery treatment planning for small animals using high-resolution 7T micro-magnetic resonance imaging. Radiat Res 2009; 172:625-31. [PMID: 19883231 DOI: 10.1667/rr1614.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery is capable of providing small, high gradient dose distributions to a target with a high level of precision, which makes it an excellent choice for studies of focal irradiations with small animals. However, the Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery process makes use of a human-sized fiducial marker system that requires a field of view of at least 200 mm(2) to relate computed tomography and magnetic resonance images to the Gamma Knife treatment planning software. Thus the Gamma Knife fiducial marker system is five to six times larger than a typical small animal subject. The required large field of view limits the spatial resolution and structural detail available in the animal treatment planning image set. In response to this challenge we have developed a custom-designed stereotactic jig and miniature fiducial marking system that allow small bore high-resolution micro-imaging techniques, such as 7T MR and micro-CT, to be used for treatment planning of Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery focal irradiation of small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wiant
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
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Hirano M, Shibato J, Rakwal R, Kouyama N, Katayama Y, Hayashi M, Masuo Y. Transcriptomic analysis of rat brain tissue following gamma knife surgery: early and distinct bilateral effects in the un-irradiated striatum. Mol Cells 2009; 27:263-8. [PMID: 19277511 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-009-0032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma knife surgery (GKS) is used for the treatment of various human brain disorders. However, the biological effects of gamma ray irradiation on both the target area, and the surrounding tissues are not well studied. The effects of gamma ray exposure to both targeted and untargeted regions were therefore evaluated by monitoring gene expression changes in the unilateral irradiated (60 Gy) and contralateral un-irradiated striata in the rat. Striata of irradiated and control brains were dissected 16 hours post-irradiation for analysis using a whole genome 44K DNA oligo microarray approach. The results revealed 230 induced and 144 repressed genes in the irradiated striatum and 432 induced and 239 repressed genes in the un-irradiated striatum. Out of these altered genes 39 of the induced and 16 of the reduced genes were common to both irradiated and un-irradiated tissue. Results of semiquantitative, confirmatory RT-PCR and western blot analyses suggested that gamma-irradiation caused cellular damage, including oxidative stress, in the striata of both hemispheres of the brains of treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Hirano
- Health Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) West, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8569, Ibaraki, Japan
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