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Xiao H, Li H, Song H, Kong L, Yan X, Li Y, Deng Y, Tai H, Wu Y, Ni Y, Li W, Chen J, Yang J. Shenzao jiannao oral liquid, an herbal formula, ameliorates cognitive impairments by rescuing neuronal death and triggering endogenous neurogenesis in AD-like mice induced by a combination of Aβ42 and scopolamine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112957. [PMID: 32416248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Alzheimer's disease (AD) is identified as "forgetfulness" or "dementia", and is mainly caused by "kidney essence deficiency" which ultimately induces "encephala reduction". Therefore, herbal formulas possessing the efficacy of nourishing kidney essence or replenishing brain marrow are commonly served as effective strategies for AD treatment. Shenzao jiannao oral liquid (SZJN), a traditional Chinese preparation approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), is used for the treatment of insomnia and mind fatigue at present for its efficacy of nourishing kidneys. In present study, we found that SZJN could improve cognitive function of AD-like mice. AIMS OF STUDY This study aims to investigate the effects of SJZN on ameliorating cognitive deficits of AD-like mouse model, and to illuminate the underlying mechanisms from the perspective of neuroprotection and neurogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Kunming mice (28 ± 2 g) were randomly allocated into seven groups: control, sham, model, donepezil and SZJN groups (low, middle and high). The AD mouse model was established by Aβ42 combined with scopolamine. SZJN were intragastrically administrated at doses of 0.3, 1.5 and 7.5 g/kg for 28 days. Morris water maze (MWM) test was applied to determine the cognitive function. Hematoxylin eosin (HE) and Nissl staining were carried out to evaluate pathological damages in the cortex and hippocampal tissues. To explore the protective effects of SZJN on multiple pathogenic factors of AD, protein levels of Aβ42, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, synaptophysin (SYP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurogenesis related proteins were assessed using Immunofluorescence (IF) and western blot analysis. In vitro, the AD cell model was established by transduction of APP695swe genes into Neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from the hippocampal tissues of neonatal C57BL/6 mice. Cell viability assay and neurosphere formation assay were carried out to verify the efficacy of SZJN on proliferation of NSCs. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that SZJN (1.5 g/kg and 7.5 g/kg) treatment significantly ameliorated cognitive deficits of AD-like mice. SZJN (7.5 g/kg) treatment significantly retarded the pathological damages including neuronal degeneration, neuronal apoptosis, Aβ peptides aggregation and reaction of astrocytes in AD-like mice. In addition, SZJN (7.5 g/kg) increased the expression of BDNF and SYP, and restored the abnormal level of MDA and SOD in the brain of AD-like mice. Furthermore, SZJN treatment for 28 days remarkably increased the proliferation of NSCs evidenced by more Nestin+ and BrdU+ cells in the hippocampal DG regions, and increased the amount of mature neurons marked by NeuN both in the cortex and hippocampal DG regions. In vitro, SZJN treatement (16, 32, 64 mg/ml) promoted the proliferation of NSCs evidenced by the increased amount and enlarged size of the neurospheres (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that SZJN could ameliorate cognitive deficits by protecting neurons from death and triggering endogenous neurogenesis. Therefore, SZJN may be considered as a promising agent to restore neuronal loss and deter the deterioration in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghe Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, 116600, PR China.
| | - Hongyan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, 116600, PR China
| | - Huipeng Song
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, 116600, PR China
| | - Liang Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, 116600, PR China
| | - Xin Yan
- Diaoyutai Pharmaceutical Group Jilin Tianqiang Pharmaceutical co. LTD, 309 Renmin Street, Tonghua, 135300, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, 116600, PR China
| | - Yan Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, 116600, PR China
| | - He Tai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Visera-State Theory and Application, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huanggu District Chongshan Road No. 79, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110847, PR China
| | - Yutong Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, 116600, PR China
| | - Yingnan Ni
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, 116600, PR China
| | - Wanyi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, 116600, PR China
| | - Jicong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, 116600, PR China
| | - Jingxian Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, 116600, PR China.
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Xiao H, Wang Y, Wu Y, Li H, Liang X, Lin Y, Kong L, Ni Y, Deng Y, Li Y, Li W, Yang J. Osthole ameliorates cognitive impairments via augmenting neuronal population in APP / PS1 transgenic mice. Neurosci Res 2020; 164:33-45. [PMID: 32302734 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with notable factors of dysfunction in multiple neurological changes, encompassing neuronal loss in the frontal cortex and hippocampal regions. Dysfunction of proliferation and self-renewal of neural stem cells (NSCs) was observed in AD patients and animals. Thereby, mobilizing endogenous neurogenesis by pharmacological agents would provide a promising route for neurodegeneration. Osthole (Ost), a natural coumarin derivative, has been reported to exert extensive neuroprotective effects in AD. However, whether ost can facilitate endogenous neurogenesis against AD in vivo is still unknown. In this study, by using Morris water maze (MWM) test, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence analysis and western blot, we demonstrated that oral administration of ost could improve the learning and memory function, inhibit neuronal apoptosis, elevate the expression of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95). Moreover, ost could remarkably enhance proliferation of NSCs and increase the amount of mature neurons in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Together, our findings demonstrated that ost possessed the ability of promoting endogenous neurogenesis and ost could be served as a plausible agent to reverse or slow down the progress of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghe Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Yuying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xicai Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yin Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yingnan Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yan Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Wanyi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jingxian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
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