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Li J, Lin Y, Liu B, Zhou X, Chen W, Shen G. Alkylated Sulfonium Modification of Low Molecular Weight Polyethylenimine to Form Lipopolymers as Gene Vectors. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2339-2349. [PMID: 38250374 PMCID: PMC10795143 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Hydrophobic modification of low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI) is an efficient method to form ideal gene-transfer carriers. Sulfonium-a combination of three different functional groups, was conjugated onto PEI 1.8k at a conjugation ratio of 1:0.1 to form a series of sulfonium PEI (SPs). These SPs were hydrophobically modified and characterized by Fourier transform infrared and HNMR. DNA-condensing abilities of SPs were tested with gel retardation experiment, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated via the MTT assay. The particle size and zeta potential of SP/DNA nanoparticles were measured and evaluated for cellular uptake and transfection ability on HepG2 cell line. The results showed that the sulfonium moiety was attached to PEI 1.8k with a high yield at a conjugation ratio of 1:0.1. SPs containing longer alkyl chains condensed DNA completely at an SP/DNA weight ratio of 2:1. The formed nanoparticle size was in the range of 168-265 nm, and the zeta potential was +16-45 mV. The IC50 values of SPs were 6.5-43.2 μg/mL. The cytotoxicity of SPs increased as the hydrophobic chain got longer. SP/DNA showed much stronger cellular uptakes than PEI 25k; however, pure SPs presented almost no gene transfection on cells. Heparin release experiment showed that SP's strong binding of DNA resulted in low release of DNA and thus hindered the gene transfection process. By mixing SP with PEI 1.8k, the mixture presented adjustable DNA binding and releasing. The mixture formed by 67% SP and 33% PEI 1.8k showed strong gene transfection. In conclusion, sulfonium is an effective linkage to carry hydrophobic groups to adjust cell compatibilities and gene transfection capabilities of PEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College
of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang
Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
- Heilongjiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling
of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
- Key
Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China,
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, College of
Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang
Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yue Lin
- College
of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang
Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Bingling Liu
- College
of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang
Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- College
of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang
Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Wenyang Chen
- College
of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang
Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Guinan Shen
- College
of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang
Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
- Heilongjiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling
of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
- Key
Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China,
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, College of
Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang
Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
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Thumvijit T, Taya S, Punvittayagul C, Peerapornpisal Y, Wongpoomchai R. Cancer chemopreventive effect of Spirogyra neglecta (Hassall) Kützing on diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:1611-6. [PMID: 24641376 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.4.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirogyra neglecta, a freshwater green alga, is a local food in the northern and northeastern parts of Thailand. This investigation explored the anticarcinogenicity of S neglecta and its possible cancer chemopreventive mechanisms in rats divided into 14 groups. Groups 1 and 10 served as positive and negative control groups, respectively. Groups 1-9 were intraperitoneally injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) once a week for 3 weeks. Groups 10-14 received normal saline instead. One week after the last DEN injection, groups 2-5 were administered for 9 consecutive weeks various doses of S neglecta extract (SNE) and dried S neglecta (SND), mixed with basal diet. Groups 6-9 and 11-14 similarly were administered various doses of SNE and SND starting from the first week of the experiment. Administration of SNE and SND was not associated with formation of glutathione-S- transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in rat liver. SNE and SND during initiation phase significantly reduced the number of GST-P positive foci in rats injected with DEN. The number of GST-P also diminished in groups treated with SNE and SND after injection with DEN, except for the low dose extract group. SNE showed stronger anticarcinogenic potency than SND. Furthermore, SNE also decreased the number of Ki-67 positive cells. However, the numbers of TUNEL-positive cells in the liver of the SNE-treated groups were not statistically different from the controls. The GST activity in 50 mg/kg bw of SNE and 1% of SND groups was significantly increased as compared to the positive control. In conclusion, Spirogyra neglecta (Hassall) Kutzing showed cancer chemopreventive properties at the early stages of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Possible inhibitory mechanisms include enhancement of the activities of some detoxifying enzymes and/or suppression of precancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarika Thumvijit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand E-mail :
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Kosanić M, Ranković B, Stanojković T. Biological activities of two macroalgae from Adriatic coast of Montenegro. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 22:390-7. [PMID: 26150743 PMCID: PMC4487264 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation the acetone extracts of macroalgae Ulva lactuca and Enteromorpha intestinalis were tested for antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring the scavenging capacity of tested samples on DPPH and superoxide anion radicals, reducing the power of samples and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds in extracts. As a result of the study, U. lactuca extract was found to have a better free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 623.58 μg/ml) than E. intestinalis extract (IC50 = 732.12 μg/ml). Moreover, the tested extracts had effective ferric reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. The total content of phenol in extracts of U. lactuca and E. intestinalis was 58.15 and 40.68 μg PE/mg, while concentrations of flavonoids were 39.58 and 21.74 μg RE/mg, respectively. Furthermore, among the tested species, extracts of U. lactuca showed a better antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.156 to 5 mg/ml, but it was relatively weak in comparison with standard antibiotics. Bacillus mycoides and Bacillus subtilis were the most susceptible to the tested extracts. Contrary to this Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium purpurescens were the most resistant. Finally, cytotoxic activity of tested extracts was evaluated on four human cancer cell lines. Extract of E. intestinalis expressed the stronger cytotoxic activity towards all tested cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 74.73 to 155.39 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Kosanić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Branislav Ranković
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Stanojković
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Lee JC, Hou MF, Huang HW, Chang FR, Yeh CC, Tang JY, Chang HW. Marine algal natural products with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:55. [PMID: 23724847 PMCID: PMC3674937 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For their various bioactivities, biomaterials derived from marine algae are important ingredients in many products, such as cosmetics and drugs for treating cancer and other diseases. This mini-review comprehensively compares the bioactivities and biological functions of biomaterials from red, green, brown, and blue-green algae. The anti-oxidative effects and bioactivities of several different crude extracts of algae have been evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Natural products derived from marine algae protect cells by modulating the effects of oxidative stress. Because oxidative stress plays important roles in inflammatory reactions and in carcinogenesis, marine algal natural products have potential for use in anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ching Lee
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Sundaram M. Antitumor activity of ethanol extract of Gracilaria edulis (Gmelin) Silva on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 10:430-5. [DOI: 10.3736/jcim20120412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Pierre G, Sopena V, Juin C, Mastouri A, Graber M, Maugard T. Antibacterial activity of a sulfated galactan extracted from the marine alga Chaetomorpha aerea against Staphylococcus aureus. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-011-0224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Carcinoma infection and immune systems of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice treated with structurally similar sulfonium compounds. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011; 75:808-11. [PMID: 21512215 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effects of intraperitoneal administration of dimethylsulfonioacetate (DMSA), dimethlsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and methylmethionine (MeMet) solutions (10 mM each) on the body weights and the hematological parameters (red and white blood cells) of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice were examined for up to 10 d. Body weights significantly increased in the EAC-bearing mice treated with and without MeMet in contrast to those with DMSA and DMSP. This increase was attributed to the increased amounts of ascitic fluid. EAC-bearing mice with and without MeMet both showed abnormal values of hematological parameters, while those with DMSA and DMSP exhibited almost normal levels on the 10th day.
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