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Wang C, Qiao Z, Tian Y, Yang H, Cao H, Cheetham AK. Alcohol imination catalyzed by carbon nanostructures synthesized by C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) free radical coupling. iScience 2023; 26:106659. [PMID: 37182103 PMCID: PMC10173739 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Imines are important intermediates for synthesizing various fine chemicals, with the disadvantage of requiring the use of expensive metal-containing catalysts. We report that the dehydrogenative cross-coupling of phenylmethanol and benzylamine (or aniline) directly forms the corresponding imine with a yield of up to 98%, and water as the sole by-product, in the presence of a stoichiometric base, using carbon nanostructures as the "green" metal-free carbon catalysts with high spin concentrations, which is synthesized by C(sp2)-C(sp3) free radical coupling reactions. The catalytic mechanism is attributed to the unpaired electrons of carbon catalysts to reduce O2 to O2·-, which triggers the oxidative coupling reaction to form imines, whereas the holes in the carbon catalysts receive electrons from the amine to restore the spin states. This is supported by density functional theory calculations. This work will open up an avenue for synthesizing carbon catalysts and offer great potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zirui Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yulan Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huaqiang Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Anthony K. Cheetham
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Bella F, Vlachopoulos N, Nonomura K, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M, Gerbaldi C, Hagfeldt A. Direct light-induced polymerization of cobalt-based redox shuttles: an ultrafast way towards stable dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:16308-11. [PMID: 26364577 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05533d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The photopolymerization of Co(II)/Co(III) complexes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by means of a fast, inexpensive, in situ and inhibition-free process has been examined. We have succeeded in fabricating high-performance DSSCs able to retain a light-to-electricity power conversion efficiency exceeding 6.5% (8.5% at low intensity) after 1800 h of mixed (light on/off, temperature high/low) accelerated aging tests, thus revealing a possible way for the stabilization of these record-holding redox pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bella
- GAME Lab, CHENERGY Group, Department of Applied Science and Technology - DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 - Torino, Italy.
| | - Nikolaos Vlachopoulos
- Laboratory for Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Chemin des Alambics, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Kazuteru Nonomura
- Laboratory for Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Chemin des Alambics, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Gerbaldi
- GAME Lab, CHENERGY Group, Department of Applied Science and Technology - DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 - Torino, Italy.
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory for Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Chemin des Alambics, Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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