1
|
Stanchi NO, Oliva D, Lucca AV, Nuñez S, López G, Del Curto B, Pucheta MB, Rigonatto T, Sánchez G, Bonin S, Trevisan G. Retrospective Analysis of Potential Lyme Disease Clinical Cases in Argentina. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1374. [PMID: 39065142 PMCID: PMC11278920 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease, a multisystemic infectious disorder caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Borrelia transmitted by the bite of ticks, typically from the family Ixodidae, pose a significant public health issue worldwide. The Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) group encompasses the Borrelia Lyme Group (LG), Borrelia Echidna-Reptile Group (REPG), and Borrelia Relapsing Fever Group (RFG), with some species remaining unclassified due to culturing challenges. Research into B. burgdorferi s.l. infection (Lyme Group) has intensified, focusing on its epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Originally identified in North America and Europe, Lyme disease has now become a global concern, with Latin American countries reporting the microorganism, the disease, and/or its vectors. In Argentina, the presence of B. burgdorferi and Lyme disease has sparked significant scientific and medical debate. Ecological changes due to climate and habitat shifts have expanded the geographical distribution of these ticks. Argentina, with its diverse geography and climate, hosts various tick species that could potentially act as Lyme disease vectors, raising important public health questions. The confirmed presence of B. burgdorferi s.l. and Lyme disease in Argentina remains contentious but relevant, necessitating thorough scientific and medical examination. This work aims to enhance understanding and discussion of Lyme disease in Argentina by presenting clinical cases and their laboratory analyses, highlighting the disease's presence and implications in the country. Through documenting suspected clinical cases and analyzing available data on B. burgdorferi and Lyme disease in Argentina, this study seeks to contribute to the understanding of the disease's current status and inform future research, prevention, and control strategies in the region. The goal is to provide a basis for addressing Lyme disease's public health impact in Argentina and promote further investigation into this evolving issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Oscar Stanchi
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina; (D.O.); (B.D.C.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of Chaco Austral, Roque Sáenz Peña 3700, Argentina; (A.V.L.); (S.N.); (T.R.)
| | - Dolores Oliva
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina; (D.O.); (B.D.C.)
| | - Ana Vanina Lucca
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of Chaco Austral, Roque Sáenz Peña 3700, Argentina; (A.V.L.); (S.N.); (T.R.)
| | - Sandra Nuñez
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of Chaco Austral, Roque Sáenz Peña 3700, Argentina; (A.V.L.); (S.N.); (T.R.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of Noreste, Corrientes 3400, Argentina
| | - Giuliana López
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of Chaco Austral, Roque Sáenz Peña 3700, Argentina; (A.V.L.); (S.N.); (T.R.)
| | - Beatriz Del Curto
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina; (D.O.); (B.D.C.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of Chaco Austral, Roque Sáenz Peña 3700, Argentina; (A.V.L.); (S.N.); (T.R.)
| | - María Belén Pucheta
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of Chaco Austral, Roque Sáenz Peña 3700, Argentina; (A.V.L.); (S.N.); (T.R.)
| | - Teresita Rigonatto
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of Chaco Austral, Roque Sáenz Peña 3700, Argentina; (A.V.L.); (S.N.); (T.R.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of Noreste, Corrientes 3400, Argentina
| | - Graciela Sánchez
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of Chaco Austral, Roque Sáenz Peña 3700, Argentina; (A.V.L.); (S.N.); (T.R.)
| | - Serena Bonin
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Giusto Trevisan
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (G.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guérin M, Shawky M, Zedan A, Octave S, Avalle B, Maffucci I, Padiolleau-Lefèvre S. Lyme borreliosis diagnosis: state of the art of improvements and innovations. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:204. [PMID: 37528399 PMCID: PMC10392007 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With almost 700 000 estimated cases each year in the United States and Europe, Lyme borreliosis (LB), also called Lyme disease, is the most common tick-borne illness in the world. Transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes and caused by bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, LB occurs with various symptoms, such as erythema migrans, which is characteristic, whereas others involve blurred clinical features such as fatigue, headaches, arthralgia, and myalgia. The diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis, based on a standard two-tiered serology, is the subject of many debates and controversies, since it relies on an indirect approach which suffers from a low sensitivity depending on the stage of the disease. Above all, early detection of the disease raises some issues. Inappropriate diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis leads to therapeutic wandering, inducing potential chronic infection with a strong antibody response that fails to clear the infection. Early and proper detection of Lyme disease is essential to propose an adequate treatment to patients and avoid the persistence of the pathogen. This review presents the available tests, with an emphasis on the improvements of the current diagnosis, the innovative methods and ideas which, ultimately, will allow more precise detection of LB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Guérin
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60203, Compiègne, France
| | - Marc Shawky
- Connaissance Organisation Et Systèmes TECHniques (COSTECH), EA 2223, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60203, Compiègne, France
| | - Ahed Zedan
- Polyclinique Saint Côme, 7 Rue Jean Jacques Bernard, 60204, Compiègne, France
| | - Stéphane Octave
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60203, Compiègne, France
| | - Bérangère Avalle
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60203, Compiègne, France
| | - Irene Maffucci
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60203, Compiègne, France
| | - Séverine Padiolleau-Lefèvre
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60203, Compiègne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alcon-Chino MET, De-Simone SG. Recent Advances in the Immunologic Method Applied to Tick-Borne Diseases in Brazil. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080870. [PMID: 36014992 PMCID: PMC9414916 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic-origin infectious diseases are one of the major concerns of human and veterinary health systems. Ticks, as vectors of several zoonotic diseases, are ranked second only to mosquitoes as vectors. Many ticks’ transmitted infections are still endemic in the Americas, Europe, and Africa and represent approximately 17% of their infectious diseases population. Although our scientific capacity to identify and diagnose diseases is increasing, it remains a challenge in the case of tick-borne conditions. For example, in 2017, 160 cases of the Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF, a tick-borne illness) were confirmed, alarming the notifiable diseases information system. Conversely, Brazilian borreliosis and ehrlichiosis do not require notification. Still, an increasing number of cases in humans and dogs have been reported in southeast and northeastern Brazil. Immunological methods applied to human and dog tick-borne diseases (TBD) show low sensitivity and specificity, cross-reactions, and false IgM positivity. Thus, the diagnosis and management of TBD are hampered by the personal tools and indirect markers used. Therefore, specific and rapid methods urgently need to be developed to diagnose the various types of tick-borne bacterial diseases. This review presents a brief historical perspective on the evolution of serological assays and recent advances in diagnostic tests for TBD (ehrlichiosis, BSF, and borreliosis) in humans and dogs, mainly applied in Brazil. Additionally, this review covers the emerging technologies available in diagnosing TBD, including biosensors, and discusses their potential for future use as gold standards in diagnosing these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mônica E. T. Alcon-Chino
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, Brazil
| | - Salvatore G. De-Simone
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, Brazil
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-38658183
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wojciechowska-Koszko I, Kwiatkowski P, Sienkiewicz M, Kowalczyk M, Kowalczyk E, Dołęgowska B. Cross-Reactive Results in Serological Tests for Borreliosis in Patients with Active Viral Infections. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020203. [PMID: 35215146 PMCID: PMC8879713 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, serological tests for Lyme disease (LD), routinely performed in laboratories following the European Concerted Action on Lyme Borreliosis recommendations as part of two-stage diagnostics, are often difficult to interpret. This concerns both the generation of false positive and negative results, which frequently delay the correct diagnosis and implementation of appropriate treatment. The above problems result from both morphological and antigenic variability characteristics for the life strategy of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, a complicated immune response, and imperfections in diagnostic methods. The study aimed to check the reactivity of sera from 69 patients with confirmed infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and BK virus (BKV) with Borrelia antigens used in serological tests: indirect immunofluorescence (IIFT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and immunoblot (IB). In the group of patients infected with EBV, the highest percentage of positive/borderline anti-Borrelia IgM and IgG results was obtained in the following tests: IIFT (51.9% for IgM, 63.0% for IgG), ELISA (22.2% for IgM, 29.6% for IgG) and IB (11.1% for IgM, 7.4% for IgG). In the group of CMV-infected patients, the highest percentage of positive/borderline anti-Borrelia IgM results were obtained in the following tests: IB (23.1%), IIFT (15.4%) and ELISA (7.7%), while in the IgG class in the IIFT (15.4%), IB (11.5%) and ELISA (3.9%) tests. In the group of patients infected with BKV, the highest percentage of positive/borderline anti-Borrelia IgM results was obtained in the following tests: IIFT (25.0%), IB (25.0%) and ELISA (3.9%), and in the IgG class in the tests: IB (50.0%), IIFT (6.2%) and ELISA (6.2%). The native flagellin (p41) and OspC proteins were the most frequently detected Borrelia antigens in all studied groups of patients in both classes of antibodies. Similar to other authors, the study confirmed the fact that serological tests used in the diagnosis of LD have a high potential to generate false positive results in patients with active viral infections, which may be related to cross-reacting antibodies appearing during the most common polyclonal activation of T/B lymphocytes, activated by viral superantigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Wojciechowska-Koszko
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich Av. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-466-12-59
| | - Paweł Kwiatkowski
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich Av. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Monika Sienkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostic, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego St. 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Kowalczyk
- Babinski Memorial Hospital, Aleksandrowska St. 159, 91-229 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Edward Kowalczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego St. 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich Av. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wojciechowska-Koszko I, Mnichowska-Polanowska M, Kwiatkowski P, Roszkowska P, Sienkiewicz M, Dołęgowska B. Immunoreactivity of Polish Lyme Disease Patient Sera to Specific Borrelia Antigens-Part 1. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11112157. [PMID: 34829504 PMCID: PMC8625222 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse clinical picture and the non-specificity of symptoms in Lyme disease (LD) require the implementation of effective diagnostics, which should take into account the heterogeneity of Borrelia antigens. According to available guidelines, laboratories should use a two-tier serological diagnosis based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) screening test and confirmation of the immunoblot (IB). The aim of the study was to investigate the immunoreactivity of LD patient sera to Borrelia antigens and to attempt to identify the genospecies responsible for LD using an ELISA–IB assay combination. Eighty patients with suspected LD and 22 healthy people participated in the study. All samples were tested with ELISA and IB assays in both IgM and IgG antibodies. In the case of the ELISA assay, more positive results were obtained in the IgM class than in the IgG class. In the case of the IB assay, positive results dominated in the IgG class. Positive results obtained in the IB assay most often showed IgM antibodies against the OspC and flagellin antigens, whereas the IgG antibodies were against VlsE, BmpA, OspC, p41, and p83 antigens. The IB assay is an important part of LD serodiagnosis and should be mandatory in diagnostic laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Wojciechowska-Koszko
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-466-12-59
| | - Magdalena Mnichowska-Polanowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Paweł Kwiatkowski
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (P.R.)
| | - Paulina Roszkowska
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (P.R.)
| | - Monika Sienkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostic, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego St. 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pacheco A, Rutler O, Valenzuela I, Feldman D, Eskin B, Allegra JR. Positive Tests for Lyme Disease and Emergency Department Visits for Bell's Palsy Patients. J Emerg Med 2020; 59:820-827. [PMID: 32978030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Etiologies for Bell's palsy include herpes viruses and Lyme disease, with highest incidence in the colder and warmer months, respectively. In New Jersey, a Lyme-endemic area, the months with the most Lyme disease (80% of cases) are May through October ("Lyme months"). OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine whether positive tests for Lyme disease and visits are greater in the Lyme months than the rest of the year for patients with Bell's palsy in New Jersey emergency departments (EDs). METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review from two New Jersey suburban EDs with consecutive patients from February 1, 2013 to January 31, 2018.We identified patients having Bell's palsy using the emergency physician diagnosis. We tabulated positive Lyme tests and visits for Bell's palsy by month of year. We calculated the ratio of positive tests and visits between the Lyme months and the rest of the year along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS There were 442 visits for Bell's palsy, 359 (81%) of these patients were tested for Lyme disease and 57 (16%) of the tests were positive. The Lyme months had 7.1 (95% CI 3.5-14.4) times more positive tests and 1.3 (95% CI 1.1-1.4) times more Bell's palsy visits than the rest of the year. Both measures peaked in July. CONCLUSIONS In a Lyme-endemic area, positive Lyme tests and ED visits for Bell's palsy are greatest in the Lyme months, peaking in July. This finding can help guide testing and treatment for patients in the ED with Bell's palsy during various months of the year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Barnet Eskin
- Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, New Jersey
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chou E, Lasek-Nesselquist E, Taubner B, Pilar A, Guignon E, Page W, Lin YP, Cady NC. A fluorescent plasmonic biochip assay for multiplex screening of diagnostic serum antibody targets in human Lyme disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228772. [PMID: 32040491 PMCID: PMC7010292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease (LD) diagnosis using the current two-tier algorithm is constrained by low sensitivity for early-stage infection and ambiguity in determining treatment response. We recently developed a protein microarray biochip that measures diagnostic serum antibody targets using grating-coupled fluorescent plasmonics (GC-FP) technology. This strategy requires microliters of blood serum to enable multiplexed biomarker screening on a compact surface and generates quantitative results that can be further processed for diagnostic scoring. The GC-FP biochip was used to detect serum antibodies in patients with active and convalescent LD, as well as various negative controls. We hypothesized that the quantitative, high-sensitivity attributes of the GC-FP approach permit: 1) screening of antibody targets predictive for LD status, and 2) development a diagnostic algorithm that is more sensitive, specific, and informative than the standard ELISA and Western blot assays. Notably, our findings led to a diagnostic algorithm that may be more sensitive than the current standard for detecting early LD, while maintaining 100% specificity. We further show that analysis of relative antibody levels to predict disease status, such as in acute and convalescent stages of infection, is possible with a highly sensitive and quantitative platform like GC-FP. The results from this study add to the urgent conversation regarding better diagnostic strategies and more effective treatment for patients affected by tick-borne disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Chou
- College of Nanoscale Science & Engineering, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America
- College of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Erica Lasek-Nesselquist
- Bioinformatics Core, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Taubner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia, United States of American
| | - Arturo Pilar
- Ciencia, Inc., East Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ernest Guignon
- Ciencia, Inc., East Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - William Page
- Ciencia, Inc., East Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yi-Pin Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Science, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel C. Cady
- College of Nanoscale Science & Engineering, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brandt KS, Horiuchi K, Biggerstaff BJ, Gilmore RD. Evaluation of Patient IgM and IgG Reactivity Against Multiple Antigens for Improvement of Serodiagnostic Testing for Early Lyme Disease. Front Public Health 2019; 7:370. [PMID: 31867303 PMCID: PMC6906137 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Serologic testing is the standard for laboratory diagnosis and confirmation of Lyme disease. Serodiagnostic assays to detect antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme borreliosis, are used for detection of infection. However, serologic testing within the first month of infection is less sensitive as patients' antibody responses continue to develop. Previously, we screened several B. burgdorferi in vivo expressed antigens for candidates that elicit early antibody responses in patients with Stage 1 and 2 Lyme disease. We evaluated patient IgM seroreactivity against 6 antigens and found an increase in sensitivity without compromising specificity when compared to current IgM second-tier immunoblot scoring. In this study, we continued the evaluation using a multi-antigen panel to measure IgM plus IgG seroreactivity in these early Lyme disease patients' serum samples. Using two statistical methods for calculating positivity cutoff values, sensitivity was 70 and 84-87%, for early acute and early convalescent Lyme disease patients, respectively. Specificity was 98-100% for healthy non-endemic control patients, and 96-100% for healthy endemic controls depending on the statistical analysis. We conclude that improved serologic testing for early Lyme disease may be achieved by the addition of multiple borrelial antigens that elicit IgM and IgG antibodies early in infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Brandt
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kalanthe Horiuchi
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Brad J Biggerstaff
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Robert D Gilmore
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|