Synthesis of Dibenzo[b,e][1,4]Diazepine Derivatives

Recent Design and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on the Modifications of DHFR Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents

BACKGROUND

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) has been known for decades as a molecular target for antibacterial, antifungal and anti-malarial treatments. This enzyme is becoming increasingly important in the design of new anticancer drugs, which is confirmed by numerous studies including modelling, synthesis and in vitro biological research. This review aims to present and discuss some remarkable recent advances in the research of new DHFR inhibitors with potential anticancer activity.

METHODS

The scientific literature of the last decade on the different types of DHFR inhibitors has been searched. The studies on design, synthesis and investigation structure-activity relationships were summarized and divided into several subsections depending on the leading molecule and its structural modification. Various methods of synthesis, potential anticancer activity and possible practical applications as DHFR inhibitors of new chemical compounds were described and discussed.

RESULTS

This review presents the current state of knowledge on the modification of known DHFR inhibitors and the structures and searches for about eighty new molecules, designed as potential anticancer drugs. In addition, DHFR inhibitors acting on thymidylate synthase (TS), carbon anhydrase (CA) and even DNA-binding are presented in this paper.

CONCLUSION

Thorough physicochemical characterization and biological investigations highlight the structure-activity relationship of DHFR inhibitors. This will enable even better design and synthesis of active compounds, which would have the expected mechanism of action and the desired activity.

Synthesis of Benzo[4,5]isoquinolino[2,1-a]Quinazoline Derivatives by Reaction of (Z)-2-amino-N′-arylbenzimidamides with 1,8-naphthalic Anhydride

The reaction of (Z)-2-amino-N′-arylbenzimidamides with 1,8-naphthalic anhydride in ethyl alcohol under reflux conditions gave benzo[4,5] isoquinolino[2,1-a]quinazoline derivatives in good yield.

A catalytic route to dibenzodiazepines involving Buchwald–Hartwig coupling: reaction scope and mechanistic consideration

We report a new synthetic method for the synthesis of a family of dibenzodiazepines (DBDAs), employing Pd-catalyzed C–N coupling of o-bromoaldimine, with o-bromoaniline as the key step.

An expedient route to highly diversified [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepines and their evaluation for antimicrobial, antiproliferative and in silico studies

A simple and facile synthesis of a series of diversified [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepines has been achieved successfully via a one-pot method under milder conditions and evaluated for their biological activity.

Synthesis of 1,2,4-triazepine and 1,2,5-triazocine derivatives from the reaction of 2-aminobenzohydrazide with π-acceptors

The formation of metal complexes with acid hydrazides plays an important role in the growth of their biological activity. A simple synthetic strategy is described for the synthesis of novel 1,2,4-tri-azepine and 1,2,5-triazocine derivatives via electron donor–acceptor interaction. Thus when 2-aminobenzohydrazide reacted with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and 2-dicyanomethylene-indan-1,3-dione (CNIND) afforded 1,2,4-triazepine derivatives. While on reacting 1 with 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ), 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (DCHNQ), 1,4-naphthoquinone and/or 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-1,4-benzoquinone, 1,2,5-triazocine derivatives were formed.

Synthesis of Thiazine and Thiazepine Derivatives from (Z)-2-Cyano-3-Mercapto-3-(Phenylamino)Acrylamide

The reaction of ( Z)-2-cyano-3-mercapto-3-(phenylamino)acrylamide with teteracyanoethylene and 2-dicyanomethyleneindan-1,3-dione gave thiazine derivatives. While its reaction with 1,4-naphthoquinone, 2,3-dicyano-1,4-naphthoquinone and/or 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone led to the formation of the corresponding napthothiazepine derivatives.