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Amoah OJ, Thapa SB, Ma SY, Nguyen HT, Zakaria MM, Sohng JK. Biosynthesis of Apigenin Glucosides in Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1154-1163. [PMID: 38563097 PMCID: PMC11180926 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2401.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Glucosylation is a well-known approach to improve the solubility, pharmacological, and biological properties of flavonoids, making flavonoid glucosides a target for large-scale biosynthesis. However, the low yield of products coupled with the requirement of expensive UDP-sugars limits the application of enzymatic systems for large-scale. C. glutamicum is a Gram-positive and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) bacteria frequently employed for the large-scale production of amino acids and bio-fuels. Due to the versatility of its cell factory system and its non-endotoxin producing properties, it has become an attractive system for the industrial-scale biosynthesis of alternate products. Here, we explored the cell factory of C. glutamicum for efficient glucosylation of flavonoids using apigenin as a model flavonoid, with the heterologous expression of a promiscuous glycosyltransferase, YdhE from Bacillus licheniformis and the endogenous overexpression of C. glutamicum genes galU1 encoding UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and pgm encoding phosphoglucomutase involved in the synthesis of UDP-glucose to create a C. glutamicum cell factory system capable of efficiently glucosylation apigenin with a high yield of glucosides production. Consequently, the production of various apigenin glucosides was controlled under different temperatures yielding almost 4.2 mM of APG1(apigenin-4'-O-β-glucoside) at 25°C, and 0.6 mM of APG2 (apigenin-7-O-β-glucoside), 1.7 mM of APG3 (apigenin-4',7-O-β-diglucoside) and 2.1 mM of APG4 (apigenin-4',5-O-β-diglucoside) after 40 h of incubation with the supplementation of 5 mM of apigenin and 37°C. The cost-effective developed system could be used to modify a wide range of plant secondary metabolites with increased pharmacokinetic activities on a large scale without the use of expensive UDP-sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obed Jackson Amoah
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Samir Bahadur Thapa
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeong Ma
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Hue Thi Nguyen
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Morshed Md Zakaria
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
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2
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Marsan CB, Lee SG, Nguyen A, Gordillo Sierra AR, Coleman SM, Brooks SM, Alper HS. Leveraging a Y. lipolytica naringenin chassis for biosynthesis of apigenin and associated glucoside. Metab Eng 2024; 83:1-11. [PMID: 38447910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a diverse set of natural products with promising bioactivities including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective properties. Previously, the oleaginous host Yarrowia lipolytica has been engineered to produce high titers of the base flavonoid naringenin. Here, we leverage this host along with a set of E. coli bioconversion strains to produce the flavone apigenin and its glycosylated derivative isovitexin, two potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical candidates. Through downstream strain selection, co-culture optimization, media composition, and mutant isolation, we were able to produce168 mg/L of apigenin, representing a 46% conversion rate of 2-(R/S)-naringenin to apigenin. This apigenin platform was modularly extended to produce isovitexin by addition of a second bioconversion strain. Together, these results demonstrate the promise of microbial production and modular bioconversion to access diversified flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste B Marsan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sung Gyung Lee
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ankim Nguyen
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Angela R Gordillo Sierra
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sarah M Coleman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sierra M Brooks
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hal S Alper
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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3
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Klischan MT, Mazzone F, Berning L, Greb J, Schlamkow M, Haase M, Frey W, Stork B, Pfeffer K, Pietruszka J. Modular Approach for the Synthesis and Bioactivity Profiling of 8,8'-Biflavones. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:41816-41834. [PMID: 37970025 PMCID: PMC10634270 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the scalable and modular synthesis of a library of 55 monomeric and dimeric flavonoids including 14 8,8'-biflavones. The sterically demanding tetra-ortho-substituted axis of an acetophenone dimer key intermediate was constructed in a regioselective manner using Fe-mediated oxidative coupling. This step was systematically optimized and performed on up to multigram scale. The biological activities of this compound library were evaluated, including cytotoxicity against healthy and malignant human cell lines, antimicrobial activity against the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, and antioxidant capacity. A marked increase in activity for the 8,8'-dimeric structures compared to that of their monomeric counterparts was observed. Several biflavones were identified with high selectivity indices (low cytotoxicity and high antiprotozoal activity), showing that this class of natural products may serve as lead structures for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz
K. T. Klischan
- Institute
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine
University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, Geb.15.8, 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Flaminia Mazzone
- Institute
of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty and
University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich
Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lena Berning
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Greb
- Institute
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine
University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, Geb.15.8, 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Max Schlamkow
- Institute
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine
University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, Geb.15.8, 52426 Jülich, Germany
- Institut
für Bio- und Geowissenschaften (IBG-1: Bioorganische Chemie)
Forschungszentrum, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Mona Haase
- Institute
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine
University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, Geb.15.8, 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute
of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty and
University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich
Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institute
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine
University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, Geb.15.8, 52426 Jülich, Germany
- Institut
für Bio- und Geowissenschaften (IBG-1: Bioorganische Chemie)
Forschungszentrum, 52428 Jülich, Germany
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Hosoya M, Saito Y, Horiuchi Y. Honeycomb reactor: a promising device for streamlining aerobic oxidation under continuous-flow conditions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:752-763. [PMID: 37284591 PMCID: PMC10241100 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on the high potential of a honeycomb reactor for the use in aerobic oxidation under continuous-flow conditions. The honeycomb reactor is made of porous material with narrow channels separated by porous walls allowing for high density accumulation in the reactor. This structure raised the mixing efficiency of a gas-liquid reaction system, and it effectively accelerated the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohols to benzaldehydes under continuous-flow conditions. This reactor is a promising device for streamlining aerobic oxidation with high process safety because it is a closed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hosoya
- API R&D Laboratory, Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-Chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saito
- Carbon Neutral Promotion Division, ARK Creation Centre, Cataler Corporation, 1905-10 Shimonobe, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0112, Japan
| | - Yousuke Horiuchi
- Carbon Neutral Promotion Division, ARK Creation Centre, Cataler Corporation, 1905-10 Shimonobe, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0112, Japan
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Phang YL, Liu S, Zheng C, Xu H. Recent advances in the synthesis of natural products containing the phloroglucinol motif. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1766-1802. [PMID: 35762867 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00077b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Covering: June 2009 to 2021Natural products containing a phloroglucinol motif include simple and oligomeric phloroglucinols, polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols, phloroglucinol-terpenes, xanthones, flavonoids, and coumarins. These compounds represent a major class of secondary metabolites which exhibit a wide range of biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic properties. A number of these compounds have been authorized for therapeutic use or are currently being studied in clinical trials. Their structural diversity and utility in both traditional and conventional medicine have made them popular synthetic targets over the years. In this review, we compile and summarise the recent synthetic approaches to the natural products bearing a phloroglucinol motif. Focus has been given on ingenious strategies to functionalize the phloroglucinol moiety at multiple positions. The isolation and bioactivities of the compounds are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Lin Phang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Song Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changwu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Synthesis and Evaluation of Trypanocidal Activity of Chromane-Type Compounds and Acetophenones. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237067. [PMID: 34885649 PMCID: PMC8658963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, is a severe health problem in different regions of Latin America and is currently reported to be spreading to Europe, North America, Japan, and Australia, due to the migration of populations from South and Central America. At present, there is no vaccine available and chemotherapeutic options are reduced to nifurtimox and benznidazole. Therefore, the discovery of new molecules is urgently needed to initiate the drug development process. Some acetophenones and chalcones, as well as chromane-type substances, such as chromones and flavones, are natural products that have been studied as trypanocides, but the relationships between structure and activity are not yet fully understood. In this work, 26 compounds were synthesized to determine the effect of hydroxyl and isoprenyl substituents on trypanocide activity. One of the compounds showed interesting activity against a resistant strain of T. cruzi, with a half effective concentration of 18.3 µM ± 1.1 and an index of selectivity > 10.9.
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7
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Thuan NH, Chaudhary AK, Van Cuong D, Cuong NX. Engineering co-culture system for production of apigetrin in Escherichia coli. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 45:175-185. [PMID: 29362971 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbial cells have extensively been utilized to produce value-added bioactive compounds. Based on advancement in protein engineering, DNA recombinant technology, genome engineering, and metabolic remodeling, the microbes can be re-engineered to produce industrially and medicinally important platform chemicals. The emergence of co-culture system which reduces the metabolic burden and allows parallel optimization of the engineered pathway in a modular fashion restricting the formation of undesired byproducts has become an alternative way to synthesize and produce bioactive compounds. In this study, we present genetically engineered E. coli-based co-culture system to the de novo synthesis of apigetrin (APG), an apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of apigenin. The culture system consists of an upstream module including 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase, chalcone flavanone isomerase (CHS, CHI), and flavone synthase I (FNSI) to synthesize apigenin (API) from p-coumaric acid (PCA). Whereas, the downstream system contains a metabolizing module to enhance the production of UDP-glucose and expression of glycosyltransferase (PaGT3) to convert API into APG. To accomplish this improvement in titer, the initial inoculum ratio of strains for making the co-culture system, temperature, and media component was optimized. Following large-scale production, a yield of 38.5 µM (16.6 mg/L) of APG was achieved. In overall, this study provided an efficient tool to synthesize bioactive compounds in microbial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huy Thuan
- Center for Molecular Biology, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung Street, Haichau District, Danang, Vietnam.
| | - Amit Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Duong Van Cuong
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thainguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thainguyen, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Cuong
- Lab of Marine Medicinal Materials, Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
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8
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Practical synthesis of 2-(4-benzyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-5, 6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-[1, 4]benzoquinone hydrochloride. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang Q, Zhang J, Liu M, Yang J, Zhang XM, Zhou L, Cao L, Liao XL. Modified Syntheses of the Dietary Flavonoid Luteolin. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14404221529907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two novel syntheses of the flavone luteolin are described. In the first, 3,5-dimethoxyphenol was converted to 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone and then by condensation with 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde to 2′-hydroxy-3,4,4′,6′-tetramethoxychalcone. In the second, the chalcone step was prepared in which 3,5-dimethoxyphenol was acylated with 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl chloride. The chalcone was then cyclised with iodine and demethylated with pyridine hydrochloride to form luteolin in 47% and 40% overall yield, respectively. Several disadvantages of previous syntheses like long reaction time, harsh reaction conditions and low overall yield have been overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
| | - Man Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-ming Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Lang Cao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xia-li Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
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11
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Wang Q, Yang J, Zhang XM, Zhou L, Liao XL, Yang B. Practical Synthesis of Naringenin. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14379994045537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two routes for the synthesis of the flavanone naringenin are described. In the first, 3,5-dimethoxyphenol is converted to 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone and then by condensation with anisaldehyde to 2′-hydroxy-4,4′,6′-trimethoxychalcone. The chalcone is then cyclised with aqueous hydrochloric acid and demethylated with pyridine hydrochloride to form naringenin in 45% overall yield. The condensation of 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone with anisaldehyde could also directly produce 4′,5,7-trimethoxyflavanone, which was then converted into naringenin in 60% overall yield. In the second route, a single step for the preparation of the chalcone is used in which 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene is acylated with p-methoxycinnamic acid. Although the synthesis of naringenin is achieved in a lower overall yield of 29%, the process is simpler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-ming Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 94 WeiJin Road, Nankai District, Tianjing 300071, P.R. China
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, Tianjin economic and technological development zone, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 94 WeiJin Road, Nankai District, Tianjing 300071, P.R. China
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, Tianjin economic and technological development zone, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Xia-li Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
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Wang Q, Cui W, Yang J, Yang B. Development of a Concise Synthesis of the Flavonoid Chrysin. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14307337733513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Two novel routes for the synthesis of the flavonoid chrysin are described. In the first, 3,5-dimethoxyphenol (taxicatigenin) was converted to 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone and then by condensation with benzaldehyde to 2′-hydroxy-4′,6′-dimethoxychalcone. The latter was cyclised with iodine and demethylated with pyridine hydrochloride to form chrysin in 50% overall yield. In the second route, taxicatigenin was acylated with cinnamoyl chloride to form a chalcone under special conditions. This was then converted to chrysin in 42% and 56% overall yield, respectively. Several disadvantages of previous syntheses like long reaction time, tedious work-up and low overall yield have been overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
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13
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Liu Q, Qiang X, Li Y, Sang Z, Li Y, Tan Z, Deng Y. Design, synthesis and evaluation of chromone-2-carboxamido-alkylbenzylamines as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:911-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Wang Q, Cui W, Liu M, Zhang J, Liao RQ, Liao XL, Yang J. An Improved Synthesis of Apigenin. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14204548288464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two routes for the synthesis of the flavone apigenin are described. In the first, taxicatigenin was converted to 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone and then by condensation with anisaldehyde to 2′-hydroxy-4,4′,6′-trimethoxychalcone. The latter was cyclised with iodine and demethylated with pyridine hydrochloride to form apigenin in 53% overall yield. In the second route, a single step for the preparation of the chalcone was used in which 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene was acylated with p-methoxycinnamic acid. Although the synthesis of apigenin was achieved in a lower overall yield of 34%, the process was simpler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Man Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Rong-qiang Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xia-li Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
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15
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Cui W, Zhang J, Wang Q, Gao K, Zhang W, Yang J. A novel Synthesis of Naringenin and Related Flavanones. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3184/174751914x14145820775908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Efficient methods are reported for the preparation of naringenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone) which could be easily scaled-up. They have been applied to three other flavanones (6-hydroxyflavanone, 6,4′-dihydroxyflavanone, 6,3′,4′-trihydroxyflavanone) suitably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Kai Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
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16
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Wang J, Li S, Yang T, Yang J. Single-step synthesis of idebenone from Coenzyme Q0 via free-radical alkylation under silver catalysis. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Wang J, Li S, Yang T, Yang J. Synthesis and antioxidant activities of Coenzyme Q analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:710-3. [PMID: 25232967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinones (Coenzyme Q) substituted at the C-6 position with various groups were designed and synthesized based on the Coenzyme Q10 as potent antioxidant. In vitro antioxidant activities of these compounds were evaluated and compared with commercial antioxidant Coenzyme Q10 employing DPPH assay. All these synthesized Coenzyme Q analogues are found to exhibit good antioxidant activities. Of which Compound 8b bearing a N-benzoylpiperazine group at the C-6 position showed more potent inhibition of DPPH radical than Coenzyme Q10. All these results suggested the applicability of the Coenzyme Q analogues as potent antioxidants for combating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, PR China; Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - Shuo Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Tao Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, PR China.
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18
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Wang J, Li S, Hu X, Yang J. A Convenient Synthesis ofN-Benzylpiperazine, 1-Aralkyl-4-benzylpiperazines and an Isostere of Idebenone. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2014.944409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Efficient synthesis of 2,3,4,5-tetramethoxy-6-methylbenzoic acid. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-014-1748-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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20
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Fan L, Chen HY, Gao XQ, Gao XJ. Practical synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-6-Methyl-1,4-Benzoquinone-5-Carboxylic Acid. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3184/174751914x14024185967888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, 450053, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, 450053, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Juan Gao
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, P.R. China
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21
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Abstract
Luteolin is a naturally-occurring polyphenolic flavonoid compound which has received considerable attention because of its wide range of biological and pharmacological properties. Efficient methods are reported for preparing luteolin, based on the acylation of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene and condensation with 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde or the reaction of 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid with 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene. The first of these is the better method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Man Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
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22
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Qin QX, Yang J, Chen DZ, Yang B, Zhang J. An Alternate Preparation of 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenol. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2013.798570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Qin QX, Yang J, Yang B, Liu M, Xiao D, Yang X. A Facile Synthesis of Norathyriol. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3184/174751912x13547158602399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, norathyriol has been synthesised from 2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene by a three-step sequence of transformations involving a Friedel–Crafts acylation with cyclisation and demethylation. The procedure was facile and should be easily scaled-up. The overall yields reached approximately 70%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-xue Qin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Man Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xuemin Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
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