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Ibrahim SRM, Fadil SA, Fadil HA, Eshmawi BA, Mohamed SGA, Mohamed GA. Fungal Naphthalenones; Promising Metabolites for Drug Discovery: Structures, Biosynthesis, Sources, and Pharmacological Potential. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:154. [PMID: 35202181 PMCID: PMC8879409 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are well-known for their abundant supply of metabolites with unrivaled structure and promising bioactivities. Naphthalenones are among these fungal metabolites, that are biosynthesized through the 1,8-dihydroxy-naphthalene polyketide pathway. They revealed a wide spectrum of bioactivities, including phytotoxic, neuro-protective, cytotoxic, antiviral, nematocidal, antimycobacterial, antimalarial, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory. The current review emphasizes the reported naphthalenone derivatives produced by various fungal species, including their sources, structures, biosynthesis, and bioactivities in the period from 1972 to 2021. Overall, more than 167 references with 159 metabolites are listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Sana A. Fadil
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.F.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Haifa A. Fadil
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawarah 30078, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bayan A. Eshmawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shaimaa G. A. Mohamed
- Faculty of Dentistry, British University, El Sherouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt;
| | - Gamal A. Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.F.); (G.A.M.)
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Wethalawe AN, Alwis YV, Udukala DN, Paranagama PA. Antimicrobial Compounds Isolated from Endolichenic Fungi: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133901. [PMID: 34202392 PMCID: PMC8271976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A lichen is a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism, which is algae or cyanobacteria. Endolichenic fungi are a group of microfungi that resides asymptomatically within the thalli of lichens. Endolichenic fungi can be recognized as luxuriant metabolic artists that produce propitious bioactive secondary metabolites. More than any other time, there is a worldwide search for new antibiotics due to the alarming increase in microbial resistance against the currently available therapeutics. Even though a few antimicrobial compounds have been isolated from endolichenic fungi, most of them have moderate activities, implying the need for further structural optimizations. Recognizing this timely need and the significance of endolichenic fungi as a promising source of antimicrobial compounds, the activity, sources and the structures of 31 antibacterial compounds, 58 antifungal compounds, two antiviral compounds and one antiplasmodial (antimalarial) compound are summarized in this review. In addition, an overview of the common scaffolds and structural features leading to the corresponding antimicrobial properties is provided as an aid for future studies. The current challenges and major drawbacks of research related to endolichenic fungi and the remedies for them have been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nethma Wethalawe
- Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, College of Chemical Sciences, Rajagiriya 10100, Sri Lanka; (A.N.W.); (Y.V.A.); (D.N.U.)
| | - Y. Vindula Alwis
- Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, College of Chemical Sciences, Rajagiriya 10100, Sri Lanka; (A.N.W.); (Y.V.A.); (D.N.U.)
| | - Dinusha N. Udukala
- Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, College of Chemical Sciences, Rajagiriya 10100, Sri Lanka; (A.N.W.); (Y.V.A.); (D.N.U.)
| | - Priyani A. Paranagama
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya 11600, Sri Lanka
- Correspondence:
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Yang XY, Zhang JX, Ding QY, He ZC, Zhu CY, Zhang KQ, Niu XM. Metabolites from Two Dominant Thermophilic Fungal Species Thermomyces lanuginosus and Scytalidium thermophilum. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000137. [PMID: 32207881 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Thermomyces lanuginosus and Scytalidium thermophilum are among the most ubiquitous thermophilic fungi in compost and soil. Chemical study on these two prevalent strains collected from Yunnan led to isolation of 23 metabolites, including one new metabolite, therlanubutanolide, and 15 known compounds, isolated from the YGP culture broth of Thermomyces lanuginosus and 7 known compounds isolated from Scytalidium thermophilum, respectively. Therlanubutanolide shared the quite similar features of the same carbon skeleton and saturation as natural hexadecanoic acids. This was the first reported discovery of such a lactone as natural occurring metabolite. All the compounds were reported for the first time from thermophilic fungi. Among them, N-[(2S,3R,4E,8E)-1,3-dihydroxy-9-methyloctadeca-4,8-dien-2-yl]acetamide was for the first time reported to be a naturally occurring metabolite and its NMR data was first provided in this study. A type of PKS-derived metabolites, three 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-ones, which were widely found in plant pathogenic fungi as phytotoxins and reported to have antimicrobial activity, were obtained from both dominant thermophilic fungi. The frequent occurrence of such PKS phytotoxins in these two thermophilic fungi might suggest particular ecological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Yan Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Cong He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Mei Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China
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Helaly SE, Thongbai B, Stadler M. Diversity of biologically active secondary metabolites from endophytic and saprotrophic fungi of the ascomycete order Xylariales. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:992-1014. [PMID: 29774351 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00010g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to December 2017 The diversity of secondary metabolites in the fungal order Xylariales is reviewed with special emphasis on correlations between chemical diversity and biodiversity as inferred from recent taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. The Xylariales are arguably among the predominant fungal endophytes, which are the producer organisms of pharmaceutical lead compounds including the antimycotic sordarins and the antiparasitic nodulisporic acids, as well as the marketed drug, emodepside. Many Xylariales are "macromycetes", which form conspicuous fruiting bodies (stromata), and the metabolite profiles that are predominant in the stromata are often complementary to those encountered in corresponding mycelial cultures of a given species. Secondary metabolite profiles have recently been proven highly informative as additional parameters to support classical morphology and molecular phylogenetic approaches in order to reconstruct evolutionary relationships among these fungi. Even the recent taxonomic rearrangement of the Xylariales has been relying on such approaches, since certain groups of metabolites seem to have significance at the species, genus or family level, respectively, while others are only produced in certain taxa and their production is highly dependent on the culture conditions. The vast metabolic diversity that may be encountered in a single species or strain is illustrated based on examples like Daldinia eschscholtzii, Hypoxylon rickii, and Pestalotiopsis fici. In the future, it appears feasible to increase our knowledge of secondary metabolite diversity by embarking on certain genera that have so far been neglected, as well as by studying the volatile secondary metabolites more intensively. Methods of bioinformatics, phylogenomics and transcriptomics, which have been developed to study other fungi, are readily available for use in such scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soleiman E Helaly
- Dept Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Saha N, Müller M, Husain SM. Asymmetric Synthesis of Natural cis-Dihydroarenediols Using Tetrahydroxynaphthalene Reductase and Its Biosynthetic Implications. Org Lett 2019; 21:2204-2208. [PMID: 30892050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric reduction of hydroxynaphthoquinones to secondary metabolites, (3 S,4 R)-3,4,8- and (2 S,4 R)-2,4,8-trihydroxy-1-tetralone, a putative biosynthetic diketo intermediate and a probable natural analogue, (3 S,4 R)-7-acetyl-3,4,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-1(2 H)-one, using NADPH-dependent tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase (T4HNR) of Magnaporthe grisea is described. This work implies the involvement of T4HNR or related enzymes during the (bio)synthesis of other dihydroarenediols by reduction of the hydroxynaphthoquinone scaffold containing substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Saha
- Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery Unit , Centre of Biomedical Research , SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow 226014 , India
| | - Michael Müller
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Syed Masood Husain
- Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery Unit , Centre of Biomedical Research , SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow 226014 , India
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Rudiyansyah, Alimuddin AH, Masriani, Muharini R, Liu Z, Lin W, Hartmann R, Proksch P. Arugosins O-Q, New Fungal Metabolites from the Fungus Xylariaceae sp. Isolated from Leaves of Lansium domesticum (Meliaceae). Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1901400133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A fungal endophyte which was identified as a hitherto undescribed member of the family Xylariaceae by sequencing of the ITS region was isolated from fresh and healthy leaves of Lansium domesticum collected on tropical peatland of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Chromatographic separation of the ethyl acetate extract of the fungus resulted in the isolation of three new arugosin type metabolites, including arugosins O (1), P (2), and Q (3). The structures were determined by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and HRMS data, and by comparison with data from the literature. Biological activities of those compounds are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudiyansyah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Andi Hairil Alimuddin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Masriani
- Chemistry Education Department, Faculty of Teaching and Education, Tanjungpura University, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Rini Muharini
- Chemistry Education Department, Faculty of Teaching and Education, Tanjungpura University, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Rudolf Hartmann
- Institute of Complex Systems: Strukturbiochemie, Forschungszentrum Jüelich, 52428 Jüelich, Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Lee S, Tamayo-Castillo G, Pang C, Clardy J, Cao S, Kim KH. Diketopiperazines from Costa Rican endolichenic fungus Colpoma sp. CR1465A. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2438-2441. [PMID: 27080179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three new diketopiperazines (1-3), cyclo(l-Pro-d-trans-Hyp) (1), cyclo(l-Pro-d-Glu) (2), and cyclo(d-Pro-d-Glu) (3) and five known diketopiperazines (4-8) were isolated from the endolichenic fungus Colpoma sp. CR1465A identified from the Costa Rican plant Henriettea tuberculosa (Melatomataceae). The structures of the new compounds 1-3 were elucidated using a combination of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 2D NMR and HR-MS, and their absolute configurations were determined by a combination of NOESY analysis and Marfey's method. Cyclo(l-Pro-d-allo-Thr) (4) was recently isolated from a South China Sea marine sponge Callyspongia sp., but its NMR spectroscopic data were not reported, and cyclo(l-Pro-l-Asp) (5) was previously reported but only as a synthetic product. The NMR data assignments of compounds 4 and 5 are reported for the first time. All of the isolated compounds were tested for antifungal and antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulah Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Giselle Tamayo-Castillo
- Unidad Estratégica de Bioprospección, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica & CIPRONA-Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Changhyun Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jon Clardy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shugeng Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 924 Stainback Hwy, Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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Isocoumarins, miraculous natural products blessed with diverse pharmacological activities. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 116:290-317. [PMID: 27155563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Isocoumarins are lactonic natural products abundant in microbes and higher plants. These are considered an amazing scaffold consecrated with more or less all types of pharmacological applications. This review is complementary to the earlier reviews and aims to focus the overlooked aspects of their fascinating chemistry with special emphasis on their classification and diverse biological activities with some SAR conclusions. The most recent available literature on the structural diversity and biological activity of these natural products has been reviewed.
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