Patient-reported outcomes in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Neuroablative Intervention for Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

OBJECTIVE

This review aims to investigate the progression of neuroablation, along with documented clinical efficacy and safety, in the management of treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

METHODS

We searched and compiled clinical research results of neuroablation therapy reported to date. We extracted outcomes related to clinical efficacy, side effects, and surgical complications. Additionally, we summarized key claims and findings.

RESULTS

Neuroablative intervention is a potential treatment approach for refractory OCD. Recent advancements, such as real-time magnetic resonance monitoring and minimally invasive techniques employing ultrasound and laser, offer distinct advantages in terms of safety and comparative efficacy when compared to conventional methods. However, the absence of randomized controlled trials and long-term outcome data underscores the need for cautious consideration when selecting neuroablation.

CONCLUSION

Neuroablative intervention shows promise for refractory OCD, but vigilant consideration is essential in both patient selection and surgical method choices due to the potential for rare yet serious complications.

Internalized stigma in obsessive compulsive disorder: Correlates and associations with quality of life

In the present study we aimed to measure IS among outpatients with OCD, and to assess its relationship with clinical and sociodemographic variables, and quality of life. Out of 100 patients assessed, 79 patients with OCD were included in the study. Each patient was assessed using the SCID-5 CV, Y-BOCS, ISMI Scale, and WHOQOL-BREF. There was a strong correlation of IS with lower QoL and severity of OCD symptoms. Avoidance behavior, psychological health and social relationship domains emerged as independent factors related to IS in the regression analysis. There is a need for further studies on a larger samples to identify the specifics of the development and impact of IS in people with OCD.

Obsessive-Compulsive disorder is a severe threat to society

To give an overview of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). In this review, the vital information about OCD and the possibility of linking suicide through this mental issue, getting to provide references for cover. OCD is a chronicle real unbalanced form of mental disorder that leads to an unreasonable configuration of obsession and compulsion. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is usually believed to follow a persistent, repetitive course. The onset of illness has a bimodal peak – in early adolescence and adulthood. Obsessions are the elevation of thoughts and feelings irrespective of common or genuine sentiments, infuriating and repetitive effects on mental beings. Compulsion is a short part tempo result after the obsession to repeat a particular activity. This anomalous situation helps us understand that it turns out to be critical and last for a short period; it gets back as before when done. Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a psycho-neurological issue that sets out to be impulsive and cause distress and uneasiness in a person's life. OCD has the potential to trigger suicide. An obsessive-compulsive disorder is outlined by the two proximity of continuous impulse and compulsions, and recent studies have also identified neuroimaging and neuropsychological correlations of a natural outcome, but these need further replication. After a comprehensive study, the evidence provided in this article presents that OCD may be a grueling mental issue and a significant threat to society. Keywords. OCD; Obsession; Compulsion; Neuropsychiatric; Treatment; Survey.

Development of a Quality-of-Life Survey for Patients With Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency, a Rare Disorder of GABA Metabolism

Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), a rare disorder of GABA metabolism, presents with significant neurodevelopmental morbidity. Although there is a growing interest in the concept of quality of life through patient reports as a meaningful outcome in rare disease clinical trials, little is known about the overall impact of SSADHD from the patient/family perspective. The purpose of this study was to determine issues related to quality of life and patient/family experience through a focus group discussion with family caregivers of patients with SSADHD. The discussion included the input of 5 family caregivers, and highlighted concerns related to physical function, cognitive and intellectual function, psychological and behavioral function, social function, and family impact. These themes represent appropriate starting points in the development of a quality-of-life survey that may serve as a meaningful clinical tool in future studies of SSADHD.

Explanatory Factors for Disease-Specific Health-Related Quality of Life in Women with Anorexia Nervosa

A better understanding of explanatory factors for disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in anorexia nervosa (AN) could help direct treatment providers to aspects of the most relevance for patient wellbeing and recovery. We aimed to investigate whether factors associated with HRQoL are the same for women with AN and normal-weight controls. The participants in this study were women with AN recruited from specialized eating disorder centers in Denmark and healthy, normal-weight controls invited via online social media. Participants completed online questionnaires on medical history, disease-specific HRQoL (Eating Disorders Quality of Life Scale, EDQLS) and generic HRQoL (SF-36), eating disorder symptomatology, depression, psychological wellbeing, and work and social adjustment. Questionnaires were fully completed by 211 women with AN (median age 21.7 years) and 199 controls (median age 23.9 years). Women with AN had poorer scores on all measures, i.e., worse HRQoL, psychological health, and work/social functioning. Eating disorder symptomatology affected EDQLS score in both groups, but poorer HRQoL in women with AN was also significantly associated with worse scores on bulimia, maturity fears, depression, vitality, and with older age. The factors investigated together explained 79% of the variance in EDQLS score. Management of disordered self-assessment and thought processes may be of particular importance to women with AN. Greater emphasis on these aspects alongside weight gain could enhance patient-clinician alliance and contribute to better treatment outcomes.

The efficacy and safety of acupuncture and moxibustion combined with western medicine for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is common, chronic mental disorder, which is characterized by recurrent, unwanted, or intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors or mental action. Acupuncture and moxibustion, as a popular form of complementary and alternative therapy, have the advantages of low side effects, high safety, and low cost. The research showed that acupuncture and moxibustion have a good clinical efficacy on obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, there is no literature to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture and moxibustion in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder. Thus, this study is aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture and moxibustion for obsessive-compulsive disorder patients, providing reliable evidence for clinical application.

METHODS

Randomized controlled trials of acupuncture and moxibustion combined with western medicine for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder will be searched in the databases including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, Web of science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), WanFang, the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, and China biomedical literature database (CBM) from inception to June, 2020. In addition, Baidu, Google Scholar, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and Chinese Clinical Trials Registry will be searched to obtain the gray literature and relevant data that have not yet been published. Two qualified researchers will extract data and assess the risk of bias from included studies dependently. Statistical analysis is performed in RevMan 5.3 software.

RESULTS

The efficacy and safety of acupuncture and moxibustion combined with western medicine for obsessive-compulsive disorder will be assessed based on the total effective rate, Hamilton Anxiety Scale score, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score, Clinical Global Impression score, side effects, and so on.

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed systematic review and meta-analysis of acupuncture and moxibustion combined with western medicine for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder is expected to provide reliable evidence for clinical application.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION

The private information from individuals will not publish. This systematic review also will not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval is not required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated in relevant conferences.

OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER

DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/CDGTW.

Validation of the Interpretation of Intrusions Inventory for the Mexican Population: Cross-Cultural Discrepancies

To facilitate research on the cognitive model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), leaders in the field of OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Cognitions Working Group [OCCWG]) developed and validated the Interpretation of Intrusions Inventory-31 (III-31). The current sought to adapt and validate this important measure for the Mexican population using a large sample of emerging adults (N = 457). Specifically, we evaluated the factor structure and convergent validity of the III-31 for the Mexican population. Based on a series of confirmatory factor analyses, previously established one-, two-, and three-factor models were found to be a poor fit with current data. However, an exploratory factor analysis yielded a two-factor solution, with one factor assessing the harmfulness and danger of intrusive thoughts (Harmfulness/Danger), and the other assessing exaggerated responsibility and efforts to control intrusions (Responsibility/Control). Satisfactory convergent validity was found with the severity of dysfunctional beliefs and OCD symptoms. Implications and limitations of study results are discussed.

Perceived physical health in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition associated with severe impairment in a variety of quality of life domains, an increased physical health burden, and a higher risk of general medical conditions and mortality compared with the general population. While there is a large amount of literature on psychological quality of life, a systematic review of perceived physical health in OCD is lacking. A quantitative summary might suggest that policy makers also focus the evaluation on perceived physical health and develop new strategies also aimed at this outcome. The current paper presents a protocol for the first systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at summarising perceived physical health in OCD by specifically examining perceived physical health status, bodily pain and role limitations due to physical problems in patients with OCD compared with controls. The review will also investigate potential demographic and clinical moderators of perceived physical health status (age, gender, OCD severity, publication date, methodological quality).

METHODS AND ANALYSIS

A systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies will be included if using a clinical group with a current primary diagnosis of OCD established by international standardised criteria, if measuring perceived physical health status, and if using screened or community participants as controls. No publication date or language restriction will be applied. An online systematic search of electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library), and examination of conference proceedings and theses/dissertations will be conducted by independent reviewers. Risk of bias will be assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION

The current review does not require ethics approval. The results will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER

2018 CRD42018106194.

Patient- and clinician- reported outcome in eating disorders

Patient-reported outcome is increasingly applied in health sciences. Patients with eating disorders (EDs) characteristically have a different opinion of their needs to that of the health professionals, which can lead to ambivalence towards treatment and immense compliance difficulties. This cross-sectional study compared data assessed by the clinician to patient-reported measures in patients with a history of EDs. We included data from a cohort of patients with EDs (n=544) referred to a specialized ED unit in Denmark. Patient-reported measures included the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) and the Short Form 36 (SF-36), and clinical data included remission status and body mass index (BMI). We found a positive association between BMI and EDI-2 scores for anorexia nervosa (AN) and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS), reflecting increasing ED symptomatology with increasing BMI. This association was not observed in bulimia nervosa (BN). We did not find a correlation between SF-36 scores and BMI in any of the diagnostic groups.

Adult obsessive-compulsive disorder and quality of life outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

In the current literature, there are no meta-analyses assessing quality of life (QOL) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Knowledge of QOL domains mainly impaired in OCD could provide specific areas for intervention. The current meta-analysis assessed differences in global, work and social, family, and emotional QOL outcomes between patients with OCD and heathy controls. Age, gender and OCD severity were examined as moderators. Case-control studies were included if patients with primary OCD were compared with controls on QOL outcomes. Electronic databases (1966-October 2014) were searched. Thirteen case-control studies were included (n=26,015). Patients with OCD had significantly lower scores on QOL relative to controls, with moderate effect sizes on global QOL and large effect size on work and social, emotional and family QOL outcomes. Studies using higher percentages of female patients and patients with less severe OCD symptoms reported significantly lower QOL outcomes for patients with OCD than controls. Studies comparing patients with OCD and patients with other psychiatric disorders were not included. Treatments should address QOL in OCD, particularly emotional QOL. Additional strategies targeting QOL should be implemented for female patients with less severe OCD symptoms.