1
|
Sarkar S, Okafor CC. Impact of Veterinary Feed Directive Rules Changes on the Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria Isolated from Cecal Samples of Food-Producing Animals at US Slaughterhouses. Pathogens 2024; 13:631. [PMID: 39204232 PMCID: PMC11357339 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the impact of the 2017 Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD) rule changes on the prevalence of tetracycline-resistant and erythromycin-resistant bacteria (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Escherichia coli) in cecal samples of food animals (cattle, swine, chicken, and turkey) at US slaughterhouses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze 2013-2019 cecal samples of food-producing animals surveillance data from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) in the U.S. The variables included year (used to evaluate VFD rule changes), host, and quarter of year. The analysis of surveillance data showed that the VFD rule changes have varying effects on tetracycline-resistant and erythromycin-resistant bacteria in food animals. For example, the odds of detecting tetracycline-resistant Salmonella spp. decreased in cattle but increased in chickens following the implementation of the VFD rule changes. Similarly, the odds of detecting tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli decreased in chickens but increased in swine after the VFD rule changes. The odds of detecting erythromycin-resistant Campylobacter spp. increased in cattle but decreased in chickens after the VFD rule changes. In conclusion, the implementation of VFD rule changes has been beneficial in reducing the odds of detecting tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli and erythromycin-resistant Campylobacter spp. in chickens, as well as tetracycline-resistant Salmonella spp. in cattle at US slaughterhouses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chika C. Okafor
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wottlin LR, Harvey RB, Norman KN, Burciaga S, Loneragan GH, Droleskey RE, Anderson RC. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica from Head Meat and Trim for Ground Product at Pork Processing Facilities. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1008-1016. [PMID: 35499403 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-22-049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pork head meat may harbor Salmonella and contaminate other carcass by-products during harvest and fabrication. A large pork processing plant in the United States was sampled bimonthly for 11 months to determine the concentration, prevalence, seasonality, serotype diversity, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica isolated from cheek meat and head trim of swine carcasses. Each collection consisted of 25 samples on two consecutive days in the morning and afternoon shifts, for a total of 100 cheek meat and 100 head trim samples each month. Tissues were cultured for Salmonella by using restrictive media and enrichment techniques, and a subset of isolates was serotyped, analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility, and genome sequenced. Salmonella postenrichment prevalence did not differ (P = 0.20) between cheek meat (63%) and head trim (66%). Postenrichment prevalence differed (P < 0.05) by month (January, 94%; March, 80%; May, 54%; July, 59%; September, 47%; and November, 55%) and by processing shift (morning, 68%; afternoon, 62%). The subset (n = 618) of isolates selected for serotyping yielded 21 distinct serotypes: Typhimurium (49%), Infantis (10%), Heidelberg (8%), I 4,[5],12:i:- (8%), and 17 other types (≤5%). In total, 407 multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to three or more antibiotic classes) isolates were identified. There were 120 isolates that exhibited the penta-resistant ACSSuT phenotype. In addition, 113 isolates exhibited decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC ≥ 0.12 μg/mL). Resistance genes blaCARB, blaSHV, blaTEM, aac(6')-Ib-cr,qnrB, sul2, and dfrA were expressed in numerous MDR Salmonella isolates. The data herein suggest that pork products from the head, compared with data reported for carcasses, may have a relatively high prevalence of Salmonella with diverse serotypes and MDR. HIGHLIGHTS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L R Wottlin
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, Texas 77845
| | - R B Harvey
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, Texas 77845
| | - K N Norman
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, 3201 Russell Long Boulevard, College Station, Texas 77845
| | - S Burciaga
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, 3201 Russell Long Boulevard, College Station, Texas 77845
| | - G H Loneragan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, 7671 Evans Drive, Amarillo, Texas 79106, USA
| | - R E Droleskey
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, Texas 77845
| | - R C Anderson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, Texas 77845
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu C, Yan M, Liu L, Lai J, Chan EWC, Chen S. Comparative characterization of nontyphoidal Salmonella isolated from humans and food animals in China, 2003-2011. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00613. [PMID: 29736431 PMCID: PMC5934692 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Food animals are major reservoirs from which specific pathogenic Salmonella strains emerge periodically. Probing the identity and origin of such organisms is essential for formulation of highly-focused infection control measures and analysis of factors underlying dissemination of such strains. In this work, the genetic and phenotypic features of animal and human clinical isolates collected at different geographical localities in China during the period 2003–2011 were characterized and compared. Animal-specific serotypes were identified, with S. Enteritidis, S. Cremieu and S. Fyris being recovered almost exclusively from chicken, ducks and pigs respectively. Nevertheless, only four serotypes were commonly found to be transmitted among both animal and human clinical isolates: S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Derby and S. Indiana. Strains of the serotypes S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium not only accounted for up to 50% of all human clinical isolates tested, but often shared identical genetic profiles with the animal isolates. Using a recently identified mobile efflux gene, oqxAB, as genetic marker for assessing the efficiency of transmission between animal and human isolates, we demonstrated that a newly emerged genetic trait could be simultaneously detectable among both animal and human clinical isolates. Findings in this work show that transmission of Salmonellae between animal and human is highly efficient and serotype dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congming Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meiyin Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention (ICDC), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lizhang Liu
- Shenzhen Key lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China.,State Key Lab of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Lai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Edward Wai-Chi Chan
- Shenzhen Key lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China.,State Key Lab of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sheng Chen
- Shenzhen Key lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China.,State Key Lab of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bermúdez PM, Pulecio SL, Suárez MC. Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de aislamientos de Salmonella enterica provenientes de pisos, equipos, utensilios y producto terminado en el beneficio porcino en Colombia. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y DE ZOOTECNIA 2016. [DOI: 10.15446/rfmvz.v63n1.56903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>La diseminación de aislamientos de Salmonella spp resistentes a antimicrobianos, a través de las cadenas productivas de alimentos de origen animal, es una preocupación de salud pública de carácter mundial. Éste estudio describe los patrones de resistencia antimicrobiana de 283 aislamientos de Salmonella enterica procedentes de plantas de beneficio porcino en Colombia. Se evaluó la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana frente a diez antimicrobianos: amoxacilina-ácido clavulánico (30 ug), ampicilina(10 ug), ceftiofur (30 ug), ciprofloxacina (5 ug), cloranfenicol (30 ug), florfenicol (30 ug), gentamicina (10 ug), sulfadiazina/trimetroprim (25 ug), tetraciclina (30 ug) y tilmicosina (15 ug) mediante el método de difusión en disco (Bauer & Kirby, 1966). Los resultados evidenciaron la presencia de 279 aislamientos multiresistentes de Salmonella enterica de origen porcino provenientes del ambiente y producto terminado de las plantas de beneficio evaluadas (46.64% n: 132). Se detectaron 52 patrones de multiresistencia, el más común fue ceftiofur-tetraciclina-tilmicosina en el 9,89% (n: 28) de los aislamientos. Con referencia a éstos antimicrobianos el 96,82% (n: 274) de los aislamientos fueron resistentes a tetraciclina, 73,14% (n: 207) a tilmicosina y 28,27% (n: 80) a ceftiofur. De especial interés fue la alta proporción de aislamientos resistentes a éste último, debido a una posible resistencia cruzada con ceftriaxona. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la necesidad de promover y fortalecer un Programa oficial de Vigilancia de la Resistencia Antimicrobiana y sistemas de monitoreo voluntario en cada eslabón de las cadenas productivas, para contribuir a la prevención y control de la transmisión de microorganismos resistentes de origen alimentario en el marco del sistema de gestión de inocuidad alimentaria en Colombia.</p>
Collapse
|
5
|
Abakpa G, Umoh V, Ameh J, Yakubu S, Kwaga J, Kamaruzaman S. Diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica isolated from fresh produce and environmental samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Garrido V, Sánchez S, San Román B, Zabalza-Baranguá A, Díaz-Tendero Y, de Frutos C, Mainar-Jaime RC, Grilló MJ. Simultaneous infections by different Salmonella strains in mesenteric lymph nodes of finishing pigs. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:59. [PMID: 24606823 PMCID: PMC3974189 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonellosis is a major worldwide zoonosis, and Salmonella-infected finishing pigs are considered one of the major sources of human infections in developed countries. Baseline studies on salmonellosis prevalence in fattening pigs in Europe are based on direct pathogen isolation from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). This procedure is considered the most reliable for diagnosing salmonellosis in apparently healthy pigs. The presence of simultaneous infections by different Salmonella strains in the same animal has never been reported and could have important epidemiological implications. RESULTS Fourteen finishing pigs belonging to 14 farms that showed high salmonellosis prevalence and a variety of circulating Salmonella strains, were found infected by Salmonella spp, and 7 of them were simultaneously infected with strains of 2 or 3 different serotypes. Typhimurium isolates showing resistance to several antimicrobials and carrying mobile integrons were the most frequently identified in the colonized MLN. Four animals were found infected by Salmonella spp. of a single serotype (Rissen or Derby) but showing 2 or 3 different antimicrobial resistance profiles, without evidence of mobile genetic element exchange in vivo. CONCLUSION This is the first report clearly demonstrating that pigs naturally infected by Salmonella may harbour different Salmonella strains simultaneously. This may have implications in the interpretation of results from baseline studies, and also help to better understand human salmonellosis outbreaks and the horizontal transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - María-Jesús Grilló
- Animal Health, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC-UPNA-Gobierno de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Evangelopoulou G, Kritas S, Govaris A, Burriel AR. Pork meat as a potential source of Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae infection in humans. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:741-4. [PMID: 24335956 PMCID: PMC3957749 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02933-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae was isolated from 13 of 123 slaughtered pigs in central Greece. The samples cultured were feces, ileum tissue, mesenteric lymph nodes, and gallbladder swabs. A total of 74 isolates from 492 samples were identified as Salmonella spp. by use of standard laboratory culture media and two commercial micromethods and by use of a polyvalent slide agglutination test for the detection of O and H antigens. Among them were 19 (25.68%) suspected to be S. enterica subsp. arizonae according to analysis with standard laboratory culture media. Of those, 14 were identified as S. enterica subsp. arizonae by the API 20E (bioMérieux, France) and the Microgen GnA+B-ID (Microgen Bioproducts, Ltd., United Kingdom) identification systems. All the isolates were tested for resistance to 23 antimicrobials. Strains identified as S. enterica subsp. arizonae were resistant to 17 (70.8%) antibiotics. The highest proportions of resistance were observed for sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (71.4%), tetracycline (71.4%), ampicillin (64.3%), and amoxicillin (57.1%). Two isolates were resistant to aztreonam (7.1%) and tigecycline (7.1%), used only for the treatment of humans. Thus, pork meat may play a role in the transmission of antibiotic-resistant S. enterica subsp. arizonae to human consumers. This is the first report of S. enterica subsp. arizonae isolation from pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grammato Evangelopoulou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Spyridon Kritas
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Salonika, Greece
| | - Alexander Govaris
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Angeliki R. Burriel
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Habing GG, Lombard JE, Kopral CA, Dargatz DA, Kaneene JB. Farm-Level Associations with the Shedding of Salmonella and Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella in U.S. Dairy Cattle. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:815-21. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Greg G. Habing
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jason E. Lombard
- Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Christine A. Kopral
- Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - David A. Dargatz
- Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - John B. Kaneene
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kich JD, Coldebella A, Morés N, Nogueira MG, Cardoso M, Fratamico PM, Call JE, Fedorka-Cray P, Luchansky JB. Prevalence, distribution, and molecular characterization of Salmonella recovered from swine finishing herds and a slaughter facility in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 151:307-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Mather AE, Matthews L, Mellor DJ, Reeve R, Denwood MJ, Boerlin P, Reid-Smith RJ, Brown DJ, Coia JE, Browning LM, Haydon DT, Reid SWJ. An ecological approach to assessing the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in animal and human populations. Proc Biol Sci 2011; 279:1630-9. [PMID: 22090389 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined long-term surveillance data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 (DT104) isolates from concurrently sampled and sympatric human and animal populations in Scotland. Using novel ecological and epidemiological approaches to examine diversity, and phenotypic and temporal relatedness of the resistance profiles, we assessed the more probable source of resistance of these two populations. The ecological diversity of AMR phenotypes was significantly greater in human isolates than in animal isolates, at the resolution of both sample and population. Of 5200 isolates, there were 65 resistance phenotypes, 13 unique to animals, 30 unique to humans and 22 were common to both. Of these 22, 11 were identified first in the human isolates, whereas only five were identified first in the animal isolates. We conclude that, while ecologically connected, animals and humans have distinguishable DT104 communities, differing in prevalence, linkage and diversity. Furthermore, we infer that the sympatric animal population is unlikely to be the major source of resistance diversity for humans. This suggests that current policy emphasis on restricting antimicrobial use in domestic animals may be overly simplistic. While these conclusions pertain to DT104 in Scotland, this approach could be applied to AMR in other bacteria-host ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Mather
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kaneene JB, Miller R, May K, Hattey JA. An Outbreak of Multidrug-ResistantSalmonella entericaSerotype Oranienburg in Michigan Dairy Calves. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:1193-201. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John B. Kaneene
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - RoseAnn Miller
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Katherine May
- Center for Comparative Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Joseph A. Hattey
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Soyer Y, Alcaine SD, Schoonmaker-Bopp DJ, Root TP, Warnick LD, McDonough PL, Dumas NB, Gröhn YT, Wiedmann M. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis diversity of human and bovine clinical Salmonella isolates. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:707-17. [PMID: 20180633 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) characterization of 335 temporally and spatially matched clinical, bovine, and human Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates revealed 167 XbaI PFGE patterns. These isolates were previously classified into 51 serotypes and 73 sequence types, as determined by multilocus sequence typing. Discriminatory power of PFGE (Simpson's index, D = 0.991) was considerably higher than that of multilocus sequence typing (D = 0.920) or serotyping (D = 0.913). Although 128 PFGE types each only represented a single isolate, 8 PFGE types represented >4 isolates, including (i) three serotype Enteritidis and Heidelberg patterns that were only identified among human isolates, (ii) two PFGE patterns (each representing serotypes Bardo and Newport) that were significantly more common among bovine isolates as compared with human isolates; (iii) two PFGE types that each includes two serotypes (4,5,12:i:- and Typhimurium; Thompson and 1,7:-:1,5); and (iv) one PFGE type that includes eight Typhimurium isolates from humans and cattle. Characterization of isolates collected over multiple farm visits indicated that given specific PFGE types persisted over time on 11 farms. On an additional seven farms, isolates with a given sequence type represented multiple PFGE type, which typically only differed by <3 bands, suggesting PFGE type diversification during strain persistence. Sixteen PFGE types were isolated from 2 or more farms, including two widely distributed serotype Newport-associated PFGE types each found on 10 farms. In six instances two or three human isolates collected in the same county in the same or consecutive months represented the same subtypes, suggesting small human case clusters. PFGE-based characterization and surveillance of human and animal isolates can provide improved understanding of Salmonella diversity and epidemiology, including identification of possible host-associated and common, widely distributed PFGE types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeşim Soyer
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Akoachere JFT, Tanih NF, Ndip LM, Ndip RN. Phenotypic characterization of Salmonella typhimurium isolates from food-animals and abattoir drains in Buea, Cameroon. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2009; 27:612-618. [PMID: 19902796 PMCID: PMC2928082 DOI: 10.3329/jhpn.v27i5.3637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella spp. have been extensively incriminated worldwide as common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans, with food-animals serving as important reservoirs. The study was aimed at investigating cattle and pigs slaughtered in Buea as reservoirs of Salmonella Typhimurium and the susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics. In total, 230 specimens (comprising 50 each from the rectum, ileum, and gall bladder of cattle; and 10 each from same anatomical sites of pigs and 50 from abattoir drains) were analyzed for Salmonella using the standard microbiological, biochemical and serological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion test. The isolates were characterized into biotypes using the API 20E kit, and results were analyzed using the chi-square test. Seventy-five (32.6%) of the 230 specimens were positive for S. Typhimurium, with pigs and abattoir drains presenting the highest level of isolation (40%). Biochemical typing grouped the isolates into five biotypes. Biotype I was the most prevalent (30.6%) while biotype IV was the least prevalent (9.3%) and was absent in samples from pigs. Antibiotic susceptibility studies revealed 14 antibiotypes based on antibiotics used in the study. The predominant antibiotype AMX DOX CEF was recorded in 13 (17.3%) of the isolates. Multidrug resistance (to four or more antibiotics) was recorded in 50.7% (38/75) of the isolates. The most active drugs were ciprofloxacin (98.6%), ofloxacin (93.3%), amikacin (90.6%), and gentamicin (84%). All the isolates (100%) were resistant to tetracycline and ampicillin. Cattle and pigs were found to be reservoirs of S. Typhimurium in the environment of Buea, Cameroon, implying that foods from these sources, if not properly handled, could serve as vehicles for its transmission to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane-Francis T.K. Akoachere
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Nicoline F. Tanih
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Lucy M. Ndip
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Roland N. Ndip
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alexander KA, Warnick LD, Cripps CJ, McDonough PL, Grohn YT, Wiedmann M, Reed KE, James KL, Soyer Y, Ivanek R. Fecal shedding of, antimicrobial resistance in, and serologic response toSalmonellaTyphimurium in dairy calves. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009; 235:739-48. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.235.6.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
15
|
Zhu M, Xie ZQ, Zhang LS, Xia SL, Yang WZ, Ran L, Wang ZJ. Characterization of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium from outpatients of 28 hospitals in Henan province in 2006. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2009; 22:136-140. [PMID: 19618691 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-3988(09)60036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the diarrheal patients with Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) infections and to set up the first baseline for S. typhimurium pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns in Henan province, thus laying a foundation for comprehensive surveillance of Salmonella in human as well as foods. METHODS S. typhimurium isolates recovered from outpatients with diarrhea in Henan province from May to October of 2006 were characterized. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of 8 antimicrobial agents and PFGE were carried out to analyze the S. typhimurium isolates. RESULTS Twenty-four (0.9%) S. typhimurium isolates were identified from 2661 stool specimens of diarrheal cases. Eighty-eight percent of isolates showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent. The resistance to chloramphenicol (79%) was most common. Fifty-eight percent of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. All the 14 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates were resistant to more than five antimicrobial agents. Thirty-three percent of S. typhimurium isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (R-type ACSSuT). Eight antimicrobia-resistant phenotypes were found among the 24 isolates in 16 PFGE patterns. CONCLUSION The rate of multidrug-resistant S. typhimurium is relatively high in S. typhimurium PFGE patterns of Henan province. Multidrug-resistant S. typhimurium should be considered a public health threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Huaxi School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Duffy L, Barlow R, Fegan N, Vanderlinde P. Prevalence and serotypes of Salmonella associated with goats at two Australian abattoirs. Lett Appl Microbiol 2008; 48:193-7. [PMID: 19055632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and serotype of Salmonella in goats presented for slaughter. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 121 goats were examined for the presence of Salmonella in matching rumen, faecal and carcass samples. Samples were analysed for the presence of Salmonella following the Australian Standard AS 1766.2.5-1991. Salmonella was isolated from 56 (46.3%) faecal samples, 55 (45.5%) rumen samples and 35 (28.9%) carcass samples. The dominant serotypes isolated were Salmonella serotype Saintpaul (31%), Salmonella serotype Typhimurium (13%) and Salmonella serotype Chester (11%). CONCLUSIONS Salmonella was isolated from at least one of the three sample sites in 68% of animals. Carcase contamination with faeces, compared with rumen liquor, is a greater hazard for Salmonella contamination of goat carcases. Goat meat is a potential source of Salmonella serovars associated with human disease. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Goat carcases contaminated with Salmonella during slaughter could be a source of food-borne disease if consumed raw or inadequately cooked, or may be a source of cross-contamination to other foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Duffy
- Food Science Australia, Tingalpa DC, Queensland, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pickering LK. Antimicrobial resistance among enteric pathogens. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 609:154-63. [PMID: 18193664 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-73960-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Larry K Pickering
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kawagoe K, Mine H, Asai T, Kojima A, Ishihara K, Harada K, Ozawa M, Izumiya H, Terajima J, Watanabe H, Honda E, Takahashi T, Sameshima T. Changes of multi-drug resistance pattern in Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium isolates from food-producing animals in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 69:1211-3. [PMID: 18057843 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.69.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 153 isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium derived from food-producing animals in Japan between 2002 and 2005 were investigated for antimicrobial resistance and phage types related to definitive phage type 104 (DT104). The predominant resistance type was resistance to ampicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, kanamycin, and oxytetracycline in bovine (45.2%, 48/104) and resistance to dihydrostreptomycin and oxytetracycline in porcine isolates (58.7%, 27/48). DT104-related phage type was found in 32 of 104 bovine isolates, two of 48 porcine isolates, and one of eight isolates from poultry, showing that the proportion of the phage type in S. Typhimurium isolates from cattle and pigs significantly (P<0.01) decreased from 71.9% and 31.4% in 1999-2001 to 30.8% and 4.1% in 2002-2005, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Kawagoe
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rotimi VO, Jamal W, Pal T, Sonnevend A, Dimitrov TS, Albert MJ. Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. and isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 60:71-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
20
|
Graziani C, Busani L, Dionisi AM, Lucarelli C, Owczarek S, Ricci A, Mancin M, Caprioli A, Luzzi I. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium from human and animal sources in Italy. Vet Microbiol 2007; 128:414-8. [PMID: 18054179 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated in Italy in the period 2002-2004 from human and animal sources were examined for their antimicrobial susceptibility. Resistance to tetracycline (T, 73.6%), sulfonamides (Su, 73.3%), ampicillin (A, 67.6%), streptomycin (S, 65.4%) and chloramphenicol (C, 32.3%) were frequently observed. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was only observed in a swine strain, but most human strains resistant to nalidixic acid showed reduced susceptibility to that drug (MIC > or = 0.125 mg/l). Overall, 64% of the strains were resistant to four or more drugs. The most common resistance profiles were ACSSuT, prevalent in strains belonging phage type DT104 and ASSuT, prevalently associated with strains unable to be typed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Graziani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento di Sanità Alimentare ed Animale, Viale Regina Elena, 299 I-00161 Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bhatta DR, Bangtrakulnonth A, Tishyadhigama P, Saroj SD, Bandekar JR, Hendriksen RS, Kapadnis BP. Serotyping, PCR, phage-typing and antibiotic sensitivity testing of Salmonella serovars isolated from urban drinking water supply systems of Nepal. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 44:588-94. [PMID: 17576218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2007.02133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the occurrence and diversity of Salmonella serovars in urban water supply systems of Nepal. METHODS AND RESULTS Occurrence of Salmonella was detected in 42 out of 300 water samples by enrichment culture technique in selenite F broth followed by plating on Salmonella Shigella agar. A total of 54 isolates identified to genus level by standard tests were subsequently confirmed by serotyping, phage typing and PCR detection of virulence genes (inv A and spv C). The predominant serotype was Salmonella Typhimurium, followed by Salm. Typhi, Salm. Paratyphi A and Salmonella Enteritidis. Most of the Salm. Typhi isolates were E1 phage type followed by UVS4, A and UVS1. All isolates of Salm. Paratyphi A and Salm. Enteritidis were an untypable (UT) phage type. The majority of isolates were multi-drug resistant as revealed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Ceftriaxone resistant isolates of Salm. Enteritidis indicated the presence of one of the ESBL genes, blaSHV, whereas the genes blaTEM and blaCTX were absent. CONCLUSIONS The microbiological quality of the urban water supply is poor and indicates possibility of fatal outbreaks of enteric fever and related infections in Nepal. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The present study will be useful in water borne disease control and prevention strategy formulation in Nepal and in the global context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D R Bhatta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pune, Pune, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dagnra AY, Akolly K, Gbadoe A, Aho K, David M. [Emergence of multidrug resistant Salmonella strains in Lome (Togo)]. Med Mal Infect 2007; 37:266-9. [PMID: 17459634 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study had for aim to compare antibiotic resistance of 332 Salmonella enterica strains identified in human samples in the course of infections, in Lome. DESIGN The strains were collected over two periods: 1998-2002 (N=168) and 2003-2004 (N=164). The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion assay. RESULTS The main serotypes identified were 147 Salmonella Typhi (44.3%), 97 Salmonella Typhimurium (29.2%), and 74 Salmonella Enteritidis (22.3%). The proportions of strains resistant to chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazol, and amoxicillin (first line antibiotics) varied respectively from 33, 46, and 57% in 1998-2002 to 73, 79, and 82% in 2003-2004 (P<0.0001). The percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone was inferior to 10%. CONCLUSION Fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporins have become the first line antibiotics for the treatment of Salmonella in Lome (Togo).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A-Y Dagnra
- Laboratoire de bactériologie-virologie, CHU Tokoin, 08 BP 8742 Lomé, Togo.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|