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Liao YS, Lauderdale TL, Chang JH, Liang SY, Tsao CS, Wei HL, Wang YW, Teng RH, Hong YP, Chen BH, Chiou CS. Epidemiological trends in serotypes distribution and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella from humans in Taiwan, 2004-2022. IJID REGIONS 2024; 11:100372. [PMID: 38799797 PMCID: PMC11126859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Salmonella, a zoonotic pathogen, significantly impacts global human health. Understanding its serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance is crucial for effective control measures and medical interventions. Methods We collected Salmonella isolates and demographic data from Taiwanese hospitals between 2004 and 2022, analyzing their serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility. Results Among 40,595 isolates, salmonellosis predominated in children aged 0-4 (61.2%) years and among males (55.2%). Males also showed higher rates of extraintestinal infections (18.1% vs 16.0%, P <0.001), particularly, in the ≥65 years age group (52.4%). The top five serovars were S. Enteritidis (32.8%), S. Typhimurium (21.7%), S. Newport (6.2%), S. Stanley (4.7%), and S. Anatum (4.0%). Notably, S. Enteritidis prevalence increased from 23.9% (2004-2005) to 43.6% (2021-2022). Antimicrobial resistance was high, with a 51.6% multidrug resistance (MDR) rate. Disturbingly, MDR rates exceeded 90% in serovars Albany, Schwarzengrund, Choleraesuis, and Goldcoast. Resistance to key therapeutic agents, azithromycin, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin, exhibited concerning upward trends, and the surge in cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistance was closely linked to the emergence and spread of MDR S. Anatum and S. Goldcoast clones. Conclusions Prioritizing control measures against S. Enteritidis and closely monitoring the prevalence and spread of MDR clones are imperative to mitigate Salmonella infections in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Shu Liao
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ling Lauderdale
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsien Chang
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Yun Liang
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sen Tsao
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao Lun Wei
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - You-Wun Wang
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Hsiou Teng
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Hong
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Chen
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Shun Chiou
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centres for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
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Itoh N, Akazawa N, Yamaguchi M, Ishibana Y, Murakami H, Ohkusu K, Ohkusu M, Ishiwada N. Pyelonephritis with bacteremia caused by Salmonella Choleraesuis in a Japanese patient with carcinoma of unknown primary origin: A case report. J Infect Chemother 2024:S1341-321X(24)00101-6. [PMID: 38552839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) is a nontyphoidal Salmonella pathogen that causes swine paratyphoids. S. Choleraesuis is a zoonotic pathogen transmitted to humans via contaminated food and causes sepsis. Here, we report a rare case of pyelonephritis caused by S. Choleraesuis in a Japanese patient with a carcinoma of unknown primary origin. On the day of admission, the patient was diagnosed with pyelonephritis associated with ureteral stent obstruction. He had no history of raw pork consumption or gastrointestinal symptoms. Gram-negative rods were isolated from urine and blood cultures, identified as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The serological typing results were O7: -: 1 and 5; however, the serotypes could not be determined. The isolate was identified as S. Choleraesuis using multilocus sequence typing, nucleotide sequence analysis of the fliC gene, and biochemical examination. Four days after a 14-day course of intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam (9 g/day), the patient showed relapse of the condition. Subsequently, the patient was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone (2 g/day) and oral amoxicillin (1000 mg/day) for 14 days each; recurrence was not observed. This novel case of pyelonephritis with bacteremia was caused by S. Choleraesuis in Japan. Conventional testing methods could not identify the serotypes; however, the case highlights the importance of adopting advanced diagnostic techniques based on molecular biology to ensure accurate pathogen identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Itoh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan.
| | - Nana Akazawa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamaguchi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishibana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Hiromi Murakami
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Ohkusu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku-ku, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Misako Ohkusu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan
| | - Naruhiko Ishiwada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan
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Feng Y, Chen CL, Chang YJ, Li YH, Chiou CS, Su LH, Li HC, Yang HP, Chiu CH. Microbiological and genomic investigations of invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Panama from a large outbreak in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:660-669. [PMID: 34294499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Salmonella Panama was considered an invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) serovar. Comprehensive clinical, microbiological, and genomic studies on S. Panama are scarce. We aimed to characterize the clinical and microbiological characteristics of S. Panama infection. Virulence mechanism of S. Panama and other iNTS serovars were also examined. METHODS Based on data from the longitudinal surveillance system for Salmonella deployed in Taiwan since 2004, a case-control study was undertaken to evaluate clinical characteristics of S. Panama infection during an outbreak in 2015-2016. Cellular experiments were conducted to compare pathogenicity of S. Panama and other iNTS with S. Typhimurium. RESULTS Most patients (41/44, 93.2%) infected by S. Panama were <5 years old (median, 1.3 years). The case-control study showed that 28 out of the 41 (68.3%) manifested as bacteremia, compared to S. Typhimurium (11.1%). Patients infected by S. Panama had longer durations of fever (P = 0.005) and hospitalization (P < 0.001). Genomic analyses split the isolates into three clades: two clones caused the outbreak, whereas another one accounted for the sporadic infections before 2015. Cellular experiments revealed that S. Panama and other iNTS serovars showed higher monolayer penetration and intracellular survival within macrophages, compared to S. Typhimurium. CONCLUSION This study confirmed that S. Panama is a clinically invasive serovar. Different iNTS serovars express common virulence phenotypes, but they may acquire invasiveness through distinct expression or combinations of virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Feng
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chyi-Liang Chen
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jung Chang
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Li
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Shun Chiou
- Center for Research, Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Hui Su
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chieh Li
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Yang
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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4
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Chen YW, Tang HJ, Tsai YS, Lee NY, Hung YP, Huang CF, Lee CC, Li CW, Li MC, Syue LS, Su SL, Hsu SH, Ko WC, Chen PL. Risk of non-typhoidal Salmonella vascular infections is increased with degree of atherosclerosis and inflammation: A multicenter study in southern Taiwan. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2021; 55:474-481. [PMID: 34301492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis and vascular inflammatory response have been considered as risk factors for non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) vascular infection. The study aims to assess the risk of vascular infection by measuring atherosclerosis severity, NTS vascular infection (NTSVI) score, and serum levels of inflammatory markers in people with NTS bacteremia. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted in two medical centers and two regional hospitals. Adults aged ≥50 years with NTS bacteremia who underwent computed tomography (CT) scan for revealing vascular infections were enrolled. The degree of atherosclerosis was scaled by a calcium score determined by a CT scan. Serum concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers were determined in the patients enrolled in a medical center. RESULTS Fourteen (20.3%) of 69 patients with NTS bacteremia had vascular infections. Calcium scores over the thoracic (12,540 vs. 3,261, P = 0.0005) and abdominal (9755 vs. 3,461, P = 0.0006) aorta of those with vascular infections were higher than those without vascular infection. All vascular infections were present in the high-risk group (NTSVI score ≥1), yielding a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 30.9%. Among 17 low-risk patients (NTSVI score <1), none had vascular infections, resulting in a negative predictive value of 100%. Higher plasma concentrations of IL-1β were detected in the cases of vascular infection than those in the control group (23.6 vs. 1.06 pg/mL, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Atherosclerosis of the aorta which is associated with a positive NTSVI score can predict the occurrence of vascular infections and serum IL-1β could be a biomarker for vascular infection in patients with NTS bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Tsai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Yao Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Infection Control Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pin Hung
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fang Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Infection Control Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Infection Control Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Shan Syue
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Infection Control Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Su
- Diagnostic Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hao Hsu
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Infection Control Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Diagnostic Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Lin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Infection Control Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Diagnostic Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Fuche FJ, Jones JA, Ramachandran G, Higginson EE, Simon R, Tennant SM. Deletions in guaBA and htrA but not clpX or rfaL constitute a live-attenuated vaccine strain of Salmonella Newport to protect against serogroup C 2-C 3 Salmonella in mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 15:1427-1435. [PMID: 29927725 PMCID: PMC6663134 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1491499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are a leading cause of foodborne infections worldwide, and serogroups B, C1, C2-C3 and D are the most common serogroups associated with human disease. While live vaccine candidates that protect against S. Typhimurium (serogroup B) and S. Enteritidis (serogroup D) have been described by us and others, far less effort has been directed towards vaccines that target either serogroup C1 or C2-C3Salmonella. Here we describe a Salmonella Newport-based live-attenuated vaccine (serogroup C2-C3). Deletion of the genes clpX or rfaL, previously used in live vaccines to attenuate S. Typhimurium and/or S. Enteritidis, failed to attenuate S. Newport. However, we found that deletion of either guaBA or htrA raised the 50% lethal dose of S. Newport in an intraperitoneal infection model in BALB/c mice. Our live-attenuated vaccine candidate CVD 1966 (S. Newport ΔguaBA ΔhtrA) elicited strong antibody responses against COPS, flagellin and outer membrane proteins when administered intraperitoneally or orally. Following lethal challenge with the parental virulent strain of S. Newport, we observed vaccine efficacies of 53% for immunization via the intraperitoneal route and 47% for immunization via the oral route. Following intraperiteonal immunization, the vaccine also significantly reduced the bacterial burden of challenge organisms in the liver and spleen. Interestingly, reducing the LPS chain length by deleting rfaL did not induce a stronger immune response towards surface antigens, and failed to elicit any protection against lethal homologous challenge. In conclusion, we have developed a live-attenuated Salmonella serogroup C2-C3 vaccine that we are further evaluating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien J Fuche
- a Center for Vaccine Development and Institute for Global Health, Department of Medicine , University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
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Wu C, Yan M, Liu L, Lai J, Chan EWC, Chen S. Comparative characterization of nontyphoidal Salmonella isolated from humans and food animals in China, 2003-2011. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00613. [PMID: 29736431 PMCID: PMC5934692 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Food animals are major reservoirs from which specific pathogenic Salmonella strains emerge periodically. Probing the identity and origin of such organisms is essential for formulation of highly-focused infection control measures and analysis of factors underlying dissemination of such strains. In this work, the genetic and phenotypic features of animal and human clinical isolates collected at different geographical localities in China during the period 2003–2011 were characterized and compared. Animal-specific serotypes were identified, with S. Enteritidis, S. Cremieu and S. Fyris being recovered almost exclusively from chicken, ducks and pigs respectively. Nevertheless, only four serotypes were commonly found to be transmitted among both animal and human clinical isolates: S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Derby and S. Indiana. Strains of the serotypes S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium not only accounted for up to 50% of all human clinical isolates tested, but often shared identical genetic profiles with the animal isolates. Using a recently identified mobile efflux gene, oqxAB, as genetic marker for assessing the efficiency of transmission between animal and human isolates, we demonstrated that a newly emerged genetic trait could be simultaneously detectable among both animal and human clinical isolates. Findings in this work show that transmission of Salmonellae between animal and human is highly efficient and serotype dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congming Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meiyin Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention (ICDC), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lizhang Liu
- Shenzhen Key lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China.,State Key Lab of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Lai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Edward Wai-Chi Chan
- Shenzhen Key lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China.,State Key Lab of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sheng Chen
- Shenzhen Key lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China.,State Key Lab of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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7
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High prevalence of ceftriaxone resistance among invasive Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis isolates in Thailand: The emergence and increase of CTX-M-55 in ciprofloxacin-resistant S. Choleraesuis isolates. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:447-453. [PMID: 29605531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
S. Choleraesuis is a highly invasive zoonotic pathogen that causes a serious systemic infection in humans. The emergence and increase of resistance to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin among S. Choleraesuis has become a serious therapeutic problem. The present study demonstrated high frequency of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella Choleraesuis among 414 nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates from bacteremic patients in Thailand. High rates of ceftriaxone (58.3%) and ciprofloxacin (19.6%) resistances were observed in S. Choleraesuis isolates. The dissemination of the self-transferable blaCTX-M-14-carrying IncFIIs, IncFII, and IncI1 plasmids and blaCMY-2-carrying IncA/C plasmid along with the clonal spread of blaCMY-2-harbouring S. Choleraesuis isolates contributed to the high frequency of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs; third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins) during 2005-2007. We reported the first occurrence of ceftazidime-hydrolysing CTX-M-55 in S. Choleraesuis isolates which dramatically increased and became the most abundant CTX-M variant among ESC-resistant S. Choleraesuis isolates during 2012-2016. The spread of clone pulsotype B3 was due to the dissemination of IncA/C plasmids carrying both blaCTX-M-55 and qnrS1 among ciprofloxacin-resistant S. Choleraesuis isolates harbouring D87G in GyrA. These isolates were apparently responsible for the high rates of co-resistance to ESCs and ciprofloxacin (51.3%) during 2012-2016. This study emphasizes the importance to have an action plan to control the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in S. Choleraesuis since this poses a threat to global health due to travel and trade in animal food products.
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Chen CL, Su LH, Janapatla RP, Lin CY, Chiu CH. Genetic analysis of virulence and antimicrobial-resistant plasmid pOU7519 in Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2017; 53:49-59. [PMID: 29273286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zoonotic Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis), causing paratyphoid in pigs and bacteremia in humans, commonly carry a virulence plasmid and sometimes a separate antimicrobial-resistant plasmid or merging together. This study aimed to analyze the likely mechanism of how to form a virulence-resistance chimera of plasmid in S. Choleraesuis. METHODS Whole plasmid sequence of pOU7519 in S. Choleraesuis strain OU7519 was determined using shotgun cloning and sequencing. Sequence annotation and comparison were performed to determine the sequence responsible for the formation of a chimeric virulence-resistance pOU7519. Other chimeric plasmids among the collected strains of S. Choleraesuis were also confirmed. RESULTS The sequence of pOU719, 127,212 bp long, was identified to be a chimera of the virulence plasmid pSCV50 and a multidrug-resistant plasmid pSC138 that have been found in S. Choleraesuis strain SC-B67. The pOU7519 is a conjugative plasmid carrying various mobile DNAs, including prophages, insertion sequences, integrons and transposons, especially a Tn6088-like transposon. By dissecting the junction site of the pSCV50-pSC138 chimera in pOU7519, defective sequences at integrase gene scv50 (int) and its attachment site (att) were found, and that likely resulted in a stable chimera plasmid due to the failure of excision from the pSCV50-pSC138 chimera. Similar structure of chimera was also found in other large plasmids. CONCLUSION The deletion of both the int and att sties could likely block chimera excision, and result in an irreversible, stable pSCV50-pSC138 chimera. The emergence of conjugative virulence and antimicrobial-resistant plasmids in S. Choleraesuis could pose a threat to health public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chyi-Liang Chen
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Hui Su
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chun-Yen Lin
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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9
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Sugimoto R, Suzuki H, Nei T, Tashiro A, Washio Y, Sonobe K, Nakamura Y, Wakayama N, Inai S, Izumiya H. Neck abscess due to Salmonella Choleraesuis: case study and literature review. JMM Case Rep 2017; 4:e005109. [PMID: 29026636 PMCID: PMC5610711 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. We herein describe a case with a neck abscess due to non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS). NTS habitually reside in our environment and colonize all animals including mammals. Colonizations of pigs, chickens, cows and sheep are important because food poisoning episodes in human are often associated with meat. Extra-intestinal infection due to NTS has numerous presentations and complications, with aortic aneurysms being common. Case presentation. A 26-year-old Japanese male complaining of left-sided neck swelling was referred to our hospital for a suspected deep neck abscess. An enhanced computed tomography scan of the neck revealed a low density lesion in the left-sided deep neck area, and consequently the patient underwent urgent incision and drainage. After this urgent operation, Salmonella Choleraesuis was isolated from a greyish-white abscess. The patient ultimately recovered with antimicrobial administration, though re-incision for lymphadenectomy was necessary. The neck abscess may have developed because he had eaten raw meat. Furthermore, untreated diabetes mellitus was diagnosed at presentation. Conclusion.Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis infections are rare in Japan. NTS are generally recognized as important pathogens in food poisoning globally, and attention is required to avoid the development of extra-intestinal infections. In Japan, the increasing lifestyle diversity in recent years highlights the importance of recognizing rare infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Sugimoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan.,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Suzuki
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Takahito Nei
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tashiro
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan.,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Yohei Washio
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazunari Sonobe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuzo Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Nozomu Wakayama
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Shunta Inai
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Izumiya
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
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Complete Genome and Methylome Sequences of Two Salmonella enterica spp. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/1/e01599-15. [PMID: 26798102 PMCID: PMC4722269 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01599-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is responsible for major foodborne outbreaks worldwide. It can cause gastroenteritis characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. Salmonella infections raise public health concerns along with consequential economic impacts. In this report, we announce the first complete genome sequences of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Choleraeuis (S. Choleraeuis) ATCC 10708 and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Pullorum (S. Pullorum) ATCC 9120, isolated from patients with diarrhea.
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11
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Pedersen K, Sørensen G, Löfström C, Leekitcharoenphon P, Nielsen B, Wingstrand A, Aarestrup FM, Hendriksen RS, Baggesen DL. Reappearance of Salmonella serovar Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf in Danish pig herds. Vet Microbiol 2015; 176:282-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Evangelopoulou G, Kritas S, Christodoulopoulos G, Burriel AR. The commercial impact of pig Salmonella spp. infections in border-free markets during an economic recession. Vet World 2015; 8:257-72. [PMID: 27047083 PMCID: PMC4774829 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.257-272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Salmonella, a group of important zoonotic pathogens, is having global economic and political importance. Its main political importance results from the pathogenicity of many of its serovars for man. Serovars Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are currently the most frequently associated to foodborne infections, but they are not the only ones. Animal food products contaminated from subclinically infected animals are a risk to consumers. In border free markets, an example is the EU, these consumers at risk are international. This is why, economic competition could use the risk of consumer infection either to restrict or promote free border trade in animals and their products. Such use of public health threats increases during economic recessions in nations economically weak to effectively enforce surveillance. In free trade conditions, those unable to pay the costs of pathogen control are unable to effectively implement agreed regulations, centrally decided, but leaving their enforcement to individual states. Free trade of animal food products depends largely on the promotion of safety, included in "quality," when traders target foreign markets. They will overtake eventually the markets of those ineffectively implementing agreed safety regulations, if their offered prices are also attractive for recession hit consumers. Nations unable to effectively enforce safety regulations become disadvantaged partners unequally competing with producers of economically robust states when it comes to public health. Thus, surveillance and control of pathogens like Salmonella are not only quantitative. They are also political issues upon which states base national trade decisions. Hence, the quantitative calculation of costs incurring from surveillance and control of animal salmonelloses, should not only include the cost for public health protection, but also the long term international economic and political costs for an individual state. These qualitative and qualitative costs of man and animal Salmonella infections should be calculated in the light of free trade and open borders. Understandably, accurate calculation of the economic and political costs requires knowledge of the many factors influencing nationally the quality and safety of pork products and internationally free trade. Thus, how Salmonella pig infections affect commerce and public health across open borders depends on a state's ability to accurately calculate costs for the surveillance and control of animal salmonelloses in general, and pig infections as a particular example.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Evangelopoulou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - S Kritas
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, MKD, Greece
| | - G Christodoulopoulos
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - A R Burriel
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
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13
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Aoyama M, Nemoto D, Matsumura T, Hitomi S. A fatal case of iliopsoas abscess caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis that heterogeneously formed mucoid colonies. J Infect Chemother 2015; 21:395-7. [PMID: 25737074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Choleraesuis, an organism highly adapted to swine, rarely causes invasive human infection. We describe a fatal case of Salmonella ser. Choleraesuis infection developing iliopsoas abscess. A part of organisms recovered from the blood formed mucoid colonies, which became reactive to anti-O antigen antisera after either heat treatment or subculture through semisolid agar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieko Aoyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Ibaraki Seinan Medical Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nemoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsumura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ibaraki Seinan Medical Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Shigemi Hitomi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Japan.
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