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Gendrot M, Madamet M, Mosnier J, Fonta I, Amalvict R, Benoit N, Briolant S, Pradines B. Baseline and multinormal distribution of ex vivo susceptibilities of Plasmodium falciparum to methylene blue in Africa, 2013-18. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:2141-2148. [PMID: 32407538 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum resistance to most antimalarial compounds has emerged in Southeast Asia and spread to Africa. In this context, the development of new antimalarial drugs is urgent. OBJECTIVES To determine the baseline in vitro activity of methylene blue (Proveblue®) on African isolates and to determine whether parasites have different phenotypes of susceptibility to methylene blue. METHODS Ex vivo susceptibility to methylene blue was measured for 609 P. falciparum isolates of patients hospitalized in France for malaria imported from Africa. A Bayesian statistical analysis was designed to describe the distribution of median effective concentration (EC50) estimates. RESULTS The EC50 ranged from 0.16 to 87.2 nM with a geometric mean of 7.17 nM (95% CI = 6.21-8.13). The 609 EC50 values were categorized into four components: A (mean = 2.5 nM; 95% CI = 2.28-2.72), B (mean = 7.44 nM; 95% CI = 7.07-7.81), C (mean = 16.29 nM; 95% CI = 15.40-17.18) and D (mean = 38.49 nM; 95% CI = 34.14-42.84). The threshold value for in vitro reduced susceptibility to methylene blue was estimated at 35 nM using the geometric mean of EC50 plus 2 SDs of the 609 isolates. This cut-off also corresponds to the lower limit of the 95% CI of the methylene blue EC50 of component D. Thirty-five isolates (5.7%) displayed EC50 values above this threshold. CONCLUSIONS Methylene blue exerts a promising efficacy against P. falciparum and is a potential partner for triple combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Gendrot
- Unite Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Marylin Madamet
- Unite Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Joel Mosnier
- Unite Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Fonta
- Unite Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Amalvict
- Unite Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Benoit
- Unite Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Unite Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unite Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
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Cytotoxic and Anti-Plasmodial Activities of Stephania dielsiana Y.C. Wu Extracts and the Isolated Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163755. [PMID: 32824689 PMCID: PMC7465040 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products remain a viable source of novel therapeutics, and as detection and extraction techniques improve, we can identify more molecules from a broader set of plant tissues. The aim of this study was an investigation of the cytotoxic and anti-plasmodial activities of the methanol extract from Stephania dielsiana Y.C. Wu leaves and its isolated compounds. Our study led to the isolation of seven alkaloids, among which oxostephanine (1) is the most active against several cancer cell lines including HeLa, MDA-MB231, MDA-MB-468, MCF-7, and non-cancer cell lines, such as 184B5 and MCF10A, with IC50 values ranging from 1.66 to 4.35 μM. Morever, oxostephanine (1) is on average two-fold more active against cancer cells than stephanine (3), having a similar chemical structure. Cells treated with oxostephanine (1) are arrested at G2/M cell cycle, followed by the formation of aneuploidy and apoptotic cell death. The G2/M arrest appears to be due, at least in part, to the inactivation of Aurora kinases, which is implicated in the onset and progression of many forms of human cancer. An in-silico molecular modeling study suggests that oxostephanine (1) binds to the ATP binding pocket of Aurora kinases to inactivate their activities. Unlike oxostephanine (1), thailandine (2) is highly effective against only the triple-negative MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. However, it showed excellent selectivity against the cancer cell line when compared to its effects on non-cancer cells. Furthermore, thailandine (2) showed excellent anti-plasmodial activity against both chloroquine-susceptible 3D7 and chloroquine-resistant W2 Plasmodium falciparum strains. The structure-activity relationship of isolated compound was also discussed in this study. The results of this study support the traditional use of Stephania dielsiana Y.C. Wu and the lead molecules identified can be further optimized for the development of highly effective and safe anti-cancer and anti-plasmodial drugs.
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Foguim FT, Robert MG, Gueye MW, Gendrot M, Diawara S, Mosnier J, Amalvict R, Benoit N, Bercion R, Fall B, Madamet M, Pradines B. Low polymorphisms in pfact, pfugt and pfcarl genes in African Plasmodium falciparum isolates and absence of association with susceptibility to common anti-malarial drugs. Malar J 2019; 18:293. [PMID: 31455301 PMCID: PMC6712813 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to all available anti-malarial drugs has emerged and spread including artemisinin derivatives and their partner drugs. Several genes involved in artemisinin and partner drugs resistance, such as pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfK13 or pfpm2, have been identified. However, these genes do not properly explain anti-malarial drug resistance, and more particularly clinical failures observed in Africa. Mutations in genes encoding for Plasmodium falciparum proteins, such as P. falciparum Acetyl-CoA transporter (PfACT), P. falciparum UDP-galactose transporter (PfUGT) and P. falciparum cyclic amine resistance locus (PfCARL) have recently been associated to resistance to imidazolopiperazines and other unrelated drugs. Methods Mutations on pfugt, pfact and pfcarl were characterized on 86 isolates collected in Dakar, Senegal and 173 samples collected from patients hospitalized in France after a travel in African countries from 2015 and 2016 to assess their potential association with ex vivo susceptibility to chloroquine, quinine, lumefantrine, monodesethylamodiaquine, mefloquine, dihydroartemisinin, artesunate, doxycycline, pyronaridine and piperaquine. Results No mutations were found on the genes pfugt and pfact. None of the pfcarl described mutations were identified in these samples from Africa. The K784N mutation was found in one sample and the K734M mutation was identified on 7.9% of all samples for pfcarl. The only significant differences in ex vivo susceptibility according to the K734M mutation were observed for pyronaridine for African isolates from imported malaria and for doxycycline for Senegalese parasites. Conclusion No evidence was found of involvement of these genes in reduced susceptibility to standard anti-malarial drugs in African P. falciparum isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Tsombeng Foguim
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et de maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Gladys Robert
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et de maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Mathieu Gendrot
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et de maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Silman Diawara
- Fédération des laboratoires, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Joel Mosnier
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et de maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Amalvict
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et de maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Benoit
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et de maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Raymond Bercion
- Laboratoire d'analyses médicales, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Bécaye Fall
- Fédération des laboratoires, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Marylin Madamet
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et de maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et de maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France. .,IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France. .,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France. .,Fédération des laboratoires, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal. .,Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France.
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Baseline Ex Vivo and Molecular Responses of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates to Piperaquine before Implementation of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine in Senegal. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02445-18. [PMID: 30782997 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02445-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, which was registered in 2017 in Senegal, is not currently used as the first-line treatment against uncomplicated malaria. A total of 6.6% to 17.1% of P. falciparum isolates collected in Dakar in 2013 to 2015 showed ex vivo-reduced susceptibility to piperaquine. Neither the exonuclease E415G mutation nor the copy number variation of the plasmepsin II gene (Pfpm2), associated with piperaquine resistance in Cambodia, was detected in Senegalese parasites.
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Pradines B, Rogier C. Contribution of the French army health service in support of expertise and research in infectiology in Africa. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 26:S78-S82. [PMID: 30402247 PMCID: PMC6205563 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, infectious diseases have caused more casualties than battle. The French military health service therefore developed a range of research on vector-borne diseases such as malaria and arboviruses, antibiotic resistance, infectious agents that can be used as biological weapons and vaccines. The main objective is to control naturally acquired or provoked infectious diseases and limit their impact on armed forces as well as on civilian populations in France or abroad, particularly in Africa and anywhere French armies may be deployed. The expertise of the military health service teams in manipulating agents requiring high level of biosafety precautions and in organizing and providing medical care in unnatural conditions, including the battlefield, associated with complementarity staff experience (physicians, biologists, epidemiologists, researchers, pharmacists, logisticians), has been used in the management of the Ebola outbreak in Guinea.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Pradines
- Unité Parasitologie et entomologie, Département des maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Centre national de référence du paludisme, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - C. Rogier
- Division Expertise et stratégie santé de défense, Direction centrale du service de santé des armées, Paris, France
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Absence of a High Level of Duplication of the Plasmepsin II Gene in Africa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00374-18. [PMID: 30181370 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00374-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to piperaquine has been associated with the amplification of the plasmepsin II gene in Cambodia. None of the 175 African isolates that we analyzed had plasmepsin II gene amplification (piperaquine 50% inhibitory concentration ranged from 0.94 to 137.5 nM), suggesting there is a low prevalence of piperaquine reduced susceptibility in Africa. Additionally, the few isolates with reduced susceptibility to piperaquine did not harbor amplification of the plasmepsin II gene.
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Malaria, tuberculosis and HIV: what's new? Contribution of the Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection in updated data. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 26:S23-S30. [PMID: 30402240 PMCID: PMC6205578 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection is positioned for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the ‘big three’ killer diseases: malaria, tuberculosis and HIV. We implemented the use of new diagnostic samples such as stools and new diagnostic tests such as mass spectrometry for the dual identification of vectors and pathogens. Furthermore, advances in the prevention and treatment of malaria and tuberculosis are reviewed, along with advances in the understanding of the role of microbiota in the resistance to HIV infection. These achievements represent a major step towards a better management of the ‘big three’ diseases worldwide.
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Gendrot M, Foguim FT, Robert MG, Amalvict R, Mosnier J, Benoit N, Madamet M, Pradines B. The D113N mutation in the RING E3 ubiquitin protein ligase gene is not associated with ex vivo susceptibility to common anti-malarial drugs in African Plasmodium falciparum isolates. Malar J 2018. [PMID: 29530046 PMCID: PMC5848522 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapy has emerged and spread in Southeast Asia. In areas where artemisinin resistance is emerging, the efficacy of combination is now based on partner drugs. In this context, the identification of novel markers of resistance is essential to monitor the emergence and spread of resistance to these partner drugs. The ubiquitylation pathway could be a possible target for anti-malarial compounds and might be involved in resistance. Polymorphisms in the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (PF3D7_0627300) gene could be associated with decreased in vitro susceptibility to anti-malarial drugs. METHODS Plasmodium falciparum isolates were collected from patients hospitalized in France with imported malaria from a malaria-endemic country from January 2015 to December 2016 and, more particularly, from African French-speaking countries. In total, 215 isolates were successfully sequenced for the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase gene and assessed for ex vivo susceptibility to anti-malarial drugs. RESULTS The D113N mutation in the RING E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase gene was present in 147 out of the 215 samples (68.4%). The IC50 values for the ten anti-malarial drugs were not significantly different between the wild-type and mutant parasites (p values between 0.225 and 0.933). There was no significant difference in terms of the percentage of parasites with decreased susceptibility between the D113 wild-type and the 133N mutated P. falciparum strains (p values between 0.541 and 1). CONCLUSION The present data confirmed the absence of the association between polymorphisms in the RING E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase gene and the ex vivo susceptibility to common anti-malarial drugs in African P. falciparum isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Gendrot
- Unité Parasitologie et entomologie, Département des maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Francis Tsombeng Foguim
- Unité Parasitologie et entomologie, Département des maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Gladys Robert
- Unité Parasitologie et entomologie, Département des maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Amalvict
- Unité Parasitologie et entomologie, Département des maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Joel Mosnier
- Unité Parasitologie et entomologie, Département des maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Benoit
- Unité Parasitologie et entomologie, Département des maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Marylin Madamet
- Unité Parasitologie et entomologie, Département des maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unité Parasitologie et entomologie, Département des maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France. .,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France. .,Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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Sustained Ex Vivo Susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to Artemisinin Derivatives but Increasing Tolerance to Artemisinin Combination Therapy Partner Quinolines in The Gambia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00759-17. [PMID: 28971859 PMCID: PMC5700332 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00759-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimalarial interventions have yielded a significant decline in malaria prevalence in The Gambia, where artemether-lumefantrine (AL) has been used as a first-line antimalarial for a decade. Clinical Plasmodium falciparum isolates collected from 2012 to 2015 were analyzed ex vivo for antimalarial susceptibility and genotyped for drug resistance markers (pfcrt K76T, pfmdr1 codons 86, 184, and 1246, and pfk13) and microsatellite variation. Additionally, allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from other drug resistance-associated genes were compared from genomic sequence data sets from 2008 (n = 79) and 2014 (n = 168). No artemisinin resistance-associated pfk13 mutation was found, and only 4% of the isolates tested in 2015 showed significant growth after exposure to dihydroartemisinin. Conversely, the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of amodiaquine and lumefantrine increased within this period. pfcrt 76T and pfmdr1 184F mutants remained at a prevalence above 80%. pfcrt 76T was positively associated with higher IC50s to chloroquine. pfmdr1 NYD increased in frequency between 2012 and 2015 due to lumefantrine selection. The TNYD (pfcrt 76T and pfmdr1 NYD wild-type haplotype) also increased in frequency following AL implementation in 2008. These results suggest selection for pfcrt and pfmdr1 genotypes that enable tolerance to lumefantrine. Increased tolerance to lumefantrine calls for sustained chemotherapeutic monitoring in The Gambia to minimize complete artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) failure in the future.
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Le PM, Srivastava V, Nguyen TT, Pradines B, Madamet M, Mosnier J, Trinh TT, Lee H. Stephanine from Stephania venosa (Blume) Spreng Showed Effective Antiplasmodial and Anticancer Activities, the Latter by Inducing Apoptosis through the Reverse of Mitotic Exit. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1357-1368. [PMID: 28703314 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from the tubers of Stephania venosa (Blum) Spreng growing in Vietnam significantly inhibited cell proliferation against a number of cancer cells including HeLa, MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cells. A bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of four aporphine and one tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids: dehydrocrebanine 1, tetrahydropalmatine 2, stephanine 3, crebanine 4 and O-methylbulbocapnine 5. The characterization of these compounds was based on MS, NMR and published data. A study by structure-bioactivity relationship on these isolates showed that stephanine is the most active compound. Cell biological studies showed that stephanine induces the reverse of mitotic exit, eventually leading to cell death by apoptosis. This data suggests that stephanine has a unique mode of cell-killing activity against cancer cells, which is seldom observed with known synthetic compounds. In addition to its anticancer property, our data from an in vitro study showed that S. venosa also possesses effective antiplasmodial activity and stephanine was also the most interesting compound but is the most cytotoxic with the lowest selectivity index. Copyright © 2017 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Phytotherapy Research StartCopTextCopyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Mai Le
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Vandana Srivastava
- Health Science North Research Institute, 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 5J1, Canada
| | - Thanh Tam Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry and Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Marylin Madamet
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Joel Mosnier
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Thi Thuy Trinh
- Institute of Chemistry and Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoyun Lee
- Health Science North Research Institute, 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 5J1, Canada
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11
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Fall B, Madamet M, Diawara S, Briolant S, Wade KA, Lo G, Nakoulima A, Fall M, Bercion R, Kounta MB, Amalvict R, Benoit N, Gueye MW, Diatta B, Wade B, Pradines B. Ex vivo activity of Proveblue, a methylene blue, against field isolates of Plasmodium falciparum in Dakar, Senegal from 2013-2015. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 50:155-158. [PMID: 28689867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to most antimalarial drugs has spread from Southeast Asia to Africa. Accordingly, new therapies to use with artemisinin-based combination therapy (triple ACT) are urgently needed. Proveblue, a methylene blue preparation, was found to exhibit antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum strains in vitro. Proveblue has synergistic effects when used in combination with dihydroartemisinin, and has been shown to significantly reduce or prevent cerebral malaria in mice. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the in vitro baseline susceptibility of clinical field isolates to Proveblue, compare its activity with that of other standard antimalarial drugs and define the patterns of cross-susceptibility between Proveblue and conventional antimalarial drugs. The Proveblue IC50 of 76 P. falciparum isolates ranged from 0.5 nM to 135.1 nM, with a mean of 8.1 nM [95% confidence interval, 6.4-10.3]. Proveblue was found to be more active against P. falciparum parasites than chloroquine, quinine, monodesethylamodiaquine, mefloquine, piperaquine, doxycycline (P <0.001) and lumefantrine (P = 0.014). Proveblue was as active as pyronaridine (P = 0.927), but was less active than dihydroartemisinin and artesunate (P <0.001). The only significant cross-susceptibilities found were between Proveblue and dihydroartemisinin (r2 = 0.195, P = 0.0001), artesunate (r2 = 0.187, P = 0.0002) and piperaquine (r2 = 0.063, P = 0.029). The present study clearly demonstrates the potential of Proveblue as an effective therapeutic agent against P. falciparum. In this context, the use of Proveblue as part of the triple ACT treatment for multidrug-resistant malaria warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bécaye Fall
- Laboratoire d'étude de la chimiosensibilité du paludisme, Fédération des laboratoires, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Marylin Madamet
- Unité de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Institut hospitalo-universitaire en infectiologie, Marseille, France; Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Silman Diawara
- Laboratoire d'étude de la chimiosensibilité du paludisme, Fédération des laboratoires, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Unité de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Institut hospitalo-universitaire en infectiologie, Marseille, France; Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé, Cayenne, Guyane, France; Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, Guyane, France
| | | | - Gora Lo
- Centre Medical Interarmées, Dakar, Senegal; Laboratoire de Bactériologie Virologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, CHU Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Mansour Fall
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Raymond Bercion
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Médicales, Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mame Bou Kounta
- Service des Urgences, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Rémi Amalvict
- Unité de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Institut hospitalo-universitaire en infectiologie, Marseille, France; Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Benoit
- Unité de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Institut hospitalo-universitaire en infectiologie, Marseille, France; Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Mamadou Wague Gueye
- Laboratoire d'étude de la chimiosensibilité du paludisme, Fédération des laboratoires, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Bakary Diatta
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Chefferie, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Boubacar Wade
- Chefferie, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Laboratoire d'étude de la chimiosensibilité du paludisme, Fédération des laboratoires, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Unité de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Institut hospitalo-universitaire en infectiologie, Marseille, France; Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France.
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12
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Diawara S, Madamet M, Kounta MB, Lo G, Wade KA, Nakoulima A, Bercion R, Amalvict R, Gueye MW, Fall B, Diatta B, Pradines B. Confirmation of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro resistance to monodesethylamodiaquine and chloroquine in Dakar, Senegal, in 2015. Malar J 2017; 16:118. [PMID: 28302108 PMCID: PMC5356232 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In response to increasing resistance to anti-malarial drugs, Senegal adopted artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in 2006. However, resistance of Plasmodium falciparum parasites to artemisinin derivatives, characterized by delayed parasite clearance after treatment with ACT or artesunate monotherapy, has recently emerged and rapidly spread in Southeast Asia. After 10 years of stability with rates ranging from 5.6 to 11.8%, the prevalence of parasites with reduced susceptibility in vitro to monodesethylamodiaquine, the active metabolite of an ACT partner drug, increased to 30.6% in 2014 in Dakar. Additionally, after a decrease of the in vitro chloroquine resistance in Dakar in 2009–2011, the prevalence of parasites that showed in vitro chloroquine resistance increased again to approximately 50% in Dakar since 2013. The aim of this study was to follow the evolution of the susceptibility to ACT partners and other anti-malarial drugs in 2015 in Dakar. An in vitro test is the only method currently available to provide an early indication of resistance to ACT partners. Results Thirty-two P. falciparum isolates collected in 2015 in Dakar were analysed using a standard ex vivo assay based on an HRP2 ELISA. The prevalence of P. falciparum parasites with reduced susceptibility in vitro to monodesethylamodiaquine, chloroquine, mefloquine, doxycycline and quinine was 28.1, 46.9, 45.2, 31.2 and 9.7%, respectively. None of the parasites were resistant to lumefantrine, piperaquine, pyronaridine, dihydroartemisinin and artesunate. These results confirm an increase in the reduced susceptibility to monodesethylamodiaquine observed in 2014 in Dakar and the chloroquine resistance observed in 2013. The in vitro resistance seems to be established in Dakar. Additionally, the prevalence of parasites with reduced susceptibility to doxycycline has increased two-fold compared to 2014. Conclusions The establishment of a reduced susceptibility to monodesethylamodiaquine as well as chloroquine resistance, and the emergence of a reduced susceptibility to doxycycline are disturbing. The in vitro and in vivo surveillance of anti-malarial drugs must be implemented in Senegal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silman Diawara
- Laboratoire d'étude de la Chimiosensibilité du Paludisme, Fédération des Laboratoires, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Marylin Madamet
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.,Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Mame Bou Kounta
- Service des Urgences, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Gora Lo
- Centre Medical Inter-armées, Dakar, Senegal.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie Virologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, CHU Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | - Raymond Bercion
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Médicales, Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Rémy Amalvict
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.,Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Mamadou Wague Gueye
- Laboratoire d'étude de la Chimiosensibilité du Paludisme, Fédération des Laboratoires, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Bécaye Fall
- Laboratoire d'étude de la Chimiosensibilité du Paludisme, Fédération des Laboratoires, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Bakary Diatta
- Chefferie, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Laboratoire d'étude de la Chimiosensibilité du Paludisme, Fédération des Laboratoires, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal. .,Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France. .,Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France. .,Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France.
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13
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Boussaroque A, Fall B, Madamet M, Wade KA, Fall M, Nakoulima A, Fall KB, Dionne P, Benoit N, Diatta B, Diemé Y, Wade B, Pradines B. Prevalence of anti-malarial resistance genes in Dakar, Senegal from 2013 to 2014. Malar J 2016; 15:347. [PMID: 27387549 PMCID: PMC4937610 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the impact of the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) on parasite susceptibility, a molecular surveillance for antimalarial drug resistance was conducted on local isolates from the Hôpital Principal de Dakar between November 2013 and January 2014 and between August 2014 and December 2014. METHODS The prevalence of genetic polymorphisms in antimalarial resistance genes (pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfdhfr and pfdhps) was evaluated in 103 isolates. RESULTS The chloroquine-resistant haplotypes CVIET and CVMET were identified in 31.4 and 3.9 % of the isolates, respectively. The frequency of the pfcrt K76T mutation was increased from 29.3 % in 2013-2014 to 43.2 % in 2014. The pfmdr1 N86Y and Y184F mutations were identified in 6.1 and 53.5 % of the isolates, respectively. The pfdhfr triple mutant (S108N, N51I and C59R) was detected in the majority of the isolates (82.3 %). The prevalence of quadruple mutants (pfdhfr S108N, N51I, C59R and pfdhps A437G) was 40.4 %. One isolate (1.1 %) harboured the pfdhps mutations A437G and K540E and the pfdhfr mutations S108N, N51I and C59R. CONCLUSIONS Despite a decline in the prevalence of chloroquine resistance due to the official withdrawal of the drug and to the introduction of ACT, the spread of resistance to chloroquine has continued. Furthermore, susceptibility to amodiaquine may be decreased as a result of cross-resistance. The frequency of the pfmdr1 mutation N86Y declined while the Y184F mutation increased in prevalence, suggesting that selective pressure is acting on pfmdr1, leading to a high prevalence of mutations in these isolates and the lack of specific mutations. The 50.5 % prevalence of the pfmdr1 polymorphisms N86Y and Y184F suggests a decrease in lumefantrine susceptibility. Based on these results, intensive surveillance of ACT partner drugs must be conducted regularly in Senegal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Boussaroque
- Unité de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny Sur Orge, France
| | - Bécaye Fall
- Laboratoire d'étude de la chimiosensibilité du paludisme, Fédération des Laboratoires, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Marylin Madamet
- Equipe Résidente de Recherche en Infectiologie Tropicale, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées, Marseille, France.,Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | | | - Mansour Fall
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Khadidiatou Ba Fall
- Service de Pathologie Infectieuse, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Pierre Dionne
- Maternité Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Nicolas Benoit
- Equipe Résidente de Recherche en Infectiologie Tropicale, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées, Marseille, France.,Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Bakary Diatta
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.,Chefferie, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Yaya Diemé
- Laboratoire d'étude de la chimiosensibilité du paludisme, Fédération des Laboratoires, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Boubacar Wade
- Chefferie, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unité de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny Sur Orge, France. .,Laboratoire d'étude de la chimiosensibilité du paludisme, Fédération des Laboratoires, Hôpital Principal de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal. .,Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France. .,Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France.
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