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Huggins LG, Namgyel U, Wangchuk P, Atapattu U, Traub R, Colella V. Metabarcoding using nanopore sequencing enables identification of diverse and zoonotic vector-borne pathogens from neglected regions: A case study investigating dogs from Bhutan. One Health 2024; 19:100839. [PMID: 39005237 PMCID: PMC11238191 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The diversity and prevalence of canine vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) in Bhutan have to date remained unexplored, whilst recent epidemiological surveys in other South Asian nations have found diseases caused by VBPs to be rife in local dog populations. Importantly, many of such VBPs can infect people as well, with a building body of evidence identifying potentially zoonotic rickettsial organisms infecting humans in Bhutan. Given the lack of data on canine pathogens in Bhutan we employed a suite of deep-sequencing metabarcoding methods using Oxford Nanopore Technologies' MinION™ device to holistically characterise the bacterial, apicomplexan and filarial worm blood-borne pathogens of dogs in the country's south. Of the 95 stray, owned and community dogs sampled 78% (95% CI = 69%-85%) were infected with at least one VBP. Pathogen species detected were highly diverse including the bacteria Mycoplasma haemocanis in 16% (95% CI: 10-24%), Ehrlichia canis in 4% (95% CI: 2-10%), Anaplasma platys in 2% (95% CI: 0.5-7%) of dogs as well as the zoonotic species Bartonella clarridgeiae in 1% (95% CI: 0.1-6%), a potentially novel Bartonella spp. and an Ehrlichia chaffeensis-like bacterium, both in 1% (95% CI: 0.1-6%) of dogs. The apicomplexan haemoparasites Hepatozoon canis in 62% (95% CI: 52-71%), Babesia gibsoni in 45% (95% CI: 36-55%) and Babesia vogeli in 3% (95% CI: 1-9%) of dogs were also detected. Finally, 5% (95% CI: 2-12%) of dogs were found to be infected with the filarioid Acanthocheilonema reconditum and 1% (95% CI: 0.1-6%) with zoonotic Dirofilaria sp. hongkongensis. One canine was found positive to the filarioid Setaria tundra, a species normally found infecting cervids. The elucidated diversity of VBP communities highlights the strength of assumption-free diagnostics, such as metabarcoding, in detecting rare, novel, and unexpected pathogens. This approach to identifying pathogen diversity is of critical importance when investigating regions and populations that have thus far been neglected, with the findings aiding the development of future One Health informed strategies for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas G. Huggins
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Ugyen Namgyel
- National Centre for Animal Health, Serbithang, Thimphu 11001, Bhutan
| | - Pelden Wangchuk
- National Centre for Animal Health, Serbithang, Thimphu 11001, Bhutan
| | - Ushani Atapattu
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Rebecca Traub
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
- CityU Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Vito Colella
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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Scales ME, Gallagher MC, Haessler S, Lindsey K, Maryanski M, Mathew M, Moore F, Hogan K, Gilmore M, Peters S, Smith K. Achromobacter cluster related to COVID-19 supply chain issues. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2024; 4:e67. [PMID: 38698950 PMCID: PMC11062781 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2024.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Isolation of an unusual organism, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, from 2 cardiac surgical patients on the same day prompted an investigation to search for cases and cause. An extensive review demonstrated a pseudo-outbreak related to practices to conserve laboratory saline due to short supply resulting from supply chain shortage from the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Scales
- Division of Healthcare Quality, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
- Independent Infection Prevention Consultant, Windsor, CT, USA
| | - Megan C. Gallagher
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School—Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Haessler
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School—Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Kristy Lindsey
- Department of Microbiology, Baystate Health, Holyoke, MA, USA
| | - Michele Maryanski
- Division of Healthcare Quality, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Manju Mathew
- Division of Healthcare Quality, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Franklin Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Baystate Health, Holyoke, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School—Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Karen Hogan
- Division of Infectious Disease, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Morgan Gilmore
- Division of Healthcare Quality, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Stacey Peters
- Division of Healthcare Quality, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Kristin Smith
- Division of Healthcare Quality, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA
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Özer B, Özbek Çelık B. Comparative in vitro activities of eravacycline in combination with colistin, meropenem, or ceftazidime against various Achromobacter spp. strains isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. J Chemother 2023; 35:700-706. [PMID: 37211830 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2213600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Achromobacter species is an emerging pathogen causing chronic bacterial infections in patients with certain conditions, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), hematologic and solid organ malignancies, renal failure, and certain immune deficiencies. In the present study, we assessed the in vitro bactericidal activities of eravacycline, either alone or in combination with colistin, meropenem, or ceftazidime, using 50 Achromobacter spp. strains isolated from CF patients. We also investigated the synergistic interactions of these combinations using microbroth dilutions against 50 strains of Achromobacter spp. Bactericidal, and we assessed the synergistic effects of the tested antibiotic combinations using the time-kill curve (TKC) technique. Our studies show that meropenem alone is the most effective antibiotic of those tested. Based on the TKCs, we found that eravacycline-colistin combinations display both bactericidal and synergistic activities for 24 h against 5 of the 6 Achromobacter spp. strains, including colistin-resistant ones, at 4xMIC of colistin. Although we did not observe synergistic interactions with eravacycline-meropenem or eravacycline-ceftazidime combinations, we did not observe antagonism with any combination tested.This study's findings could have important implications for antimicrobial therapy with tested antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekir Özer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, University of Istanbul, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Istanbul, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berna Özbek Çelık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Istanbul, Beyazıt, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Outbreak and control of Achromobacter denitrificans at an academic hospital in Pretoria, South Africa. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2023; 44:24-30. [PMID: 35341487 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2022.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to determine the source of an outbreak of Achromobacter denitrificans infections in patients at a tertiary-care academic hospital. DESIGN Outbreak report study with intervention. The study period extended from February 2018 to December 2018. SETTING The study was conducted at a tertiary-care academic hospital in Pretoria, South Africa. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS All patients who cultured A. denitrificans from any site were included in this study. During the study period, 43 patients met this criterion. INTERVENTIONS Once an outbreak was confirmed, the microbiology laboratory compiled a list of affected patients. A common agent, chlorhexidine-and-water solution, was used as a disinfectant-antiseptic for all affected patients. The laboratory proceeded to culture this solution. Environmental and surface swabs were also cultured from the hospital pharmacy area where this solution was prepared. Repetitive-element, sequence-based, polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) was performed on the initial clinical isolates to confirm the relatedness of the isolates. RESULTS In total, 43 isolates of A. denitrificans were cultured from patient specimens during the outbreak. The laboratory cultured A. denitrificans from all bottles of chlorhexidine-and-water solutions sampled from the wards and the pharmacy. The culture of the dispenser device used to prepare this solution also grew A. denitrificans. The rep-PCR confirmed the clonality of the clinical isolates with 2 genotypes dominating. CONCLUSIONS Contaminated chlorhexidine-and-water solutions prepared at the hospital pharmacy was determined to be the source of the outbreak. Once this item was removed from the hospital, the laboratory did not culture any further A. denitrificans isolates from patient specimens.
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Armando M, Barthélémi L, Couret I, Verdier C, Dupont C, Jumas-Bilak E, Grau D. Recurrent environmental contamination in a centralized radiopharmacy unit by Achromobacter spp: results of a large microbiological investigation. Am J Infect Control 2022; 51:557-562. [PMID: 35870659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiopharmaceuticals preparation unit, such as every aseptic preparation units, are strictly monitored in terms of microbiological contamination. Despite all biocontamination control procedures, our radiopharmacy unit faced repeated environnmental contamination by Achromobacter spp which necessitated a large environmental investigation. METHOD Microbiological controls were carried out using Count Tact agars (Biomérieux) for flat surfaces, dry swabbing for hard to reach areas and containers were filled with a sterile water solution (then filtrated on 0.45µm membrane and seeded). Microbiological identification was performed by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS, Brucker) on each positive sample. RESULTS Achromobacter spp was found in 10% of the 413 samples during the 8 months investigation period. The proportion of positive samples was stable among time but their location was unpredictable. The highest inoculum was finally found in the buckets used for biocleaning. DISCUSSION Samples from cleaning buckets taken by dry swabbing were at first negative, but the use of a non-routinely used sampling method allowed to discover the reservoir of this persistent contamination. CONCLUSION This investigation alerted us on the high microbiological risk associated with reusable plastic containers and the importance of a sampling method adapted to critical locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Armando
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Department of Preparations and controls, University Teaching Hospital (UTH) of Montpellier, France
| | - L Barthélémi
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Department of Preparations and controls, University Teaching Hospital (UTH) of Montpellier, France
| | - I Couret
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Department of Preparations and controls, University Teaching Hospital (UTH) of Montpellier, France; Unit 1194 INSERM, Team Radiobiology and targeted radiotherapy, Cancer Research Institute of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Verdier
- Pharmaceutical Controls Laboratory, Department of Preparations and controls, UTH of Montpellier, France
| | - C Dupont
- UMR 5569 HSM, Team "Pathogènes Hydriques Santé et Environnements", Unit of Bacteriology, University of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - E Jumas-Bilak
- Infection Control Department, UTH of Montpellier, France; UMR 5569 HSM, Team "Pathogènes Hydriques Santé et Environnements", Unit of Bacteriology, University of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - D Grau
- Infection Control Department, UTH of Montpellier, France; UMR 5569 HSM, Team "Pathogènes Hydriques Santé et Environnements", Unit of Bacteriology, University of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
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Li SY, Huang YE, Chen JY, Lai CH, Mao YC, Huang YT, Liu PY. Genomics of Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense (newly named Brucella pseudogrignonensis) reveals a new bla OXA subgroup. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34448692 PMCID: PMC8549353 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense (newly named Brucella pseudogrignonensis) is an emerging pathogen in immunodeficient and immunocompetent patients. Most documented cases associated with Ochrobactrum are frequently catheter-related and exhibit wide-spectrum β-lactam resistance. Misidentification of this pathogen using commercial bacterial identification kits is common. We identified a case of O. pseudogrignonense infection associated with cholelithiasis. The O. pseudogrignonense genome was sequenced and reconstructed using a Nanopore and Illumina hybrid strategy. A novel bla OXA-919 divergent from existing OXA members was identified and subsequent analysis revealed its existence in all available O. pseudogrignonense genomes, which forms a new phylogenetic subgroup distinct from other OXA clusters. Further analysis demonstrated the presence of the novel bla OXA-919 in the chromosome of several other Ochrobactrum species. Our study indicated that Ochrobactrum chromosomes may be a reservoir of bla OXA-919 β-lactamases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yuan Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yin-En Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jhih-Yang Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Hsu Lai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yan-Chiao Mao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yao-Ting Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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7
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Vélez Zuluaga JA, Quiroz LF, Ruiz OS, Montoya OI, Turrión MB, Orduz Peralta S. Bacterias aisladas de biosólidos de la PTAR San Fernando en Medellín-Colombia con capacidad para reducir cromo hexavalente. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v23n1.94005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
En las últimas décadas se ha trabajado activamente para reducir el impacto ambiental generado por las actividades antrópicas que constantemente liberan componentes tóxicos al ambiente generando inestabilidad y daños en la salud de las comunidades biológicas. Entre los diferentes contaminantes, los metales pesados revisten importancia en virtud de sus propiedades, que dificultan su degradación o transformación en otros compuestos menos tóxicos. El cromo es uno de los metales de mayor interés a nivel global por su uso en múltiples industrias. Los métodos convencionales que utilizan materiales cromados en sus procesos, no sólo arrojan cantidades considerables de residuos al ambiente, sino que dan poca cuenta de la fracción de Cr6+ presente en determinados ecosistemas. La biorremediación se ha propuesto como una alternativa económicamente viable y ambientalmente sostenible. El propósito del presente trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad de reducción de cromo por bacterias, aisladas de una matriz de biosólidos de la Planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) San Fernando en la ciudad de Medellín-Colombia. Muestras de biosólidos se cultivaron en Agar Nutritivo enriquecido con diferentes concentraciones de Cr6+. Las cepas que presentaron mayor tolerancia al cromo fueron aisladas para realizar ensayos de reducción por triplicado, monitoreando la concentración del metal en el tiempo. Se obtuvieron siete especies bacterianas diferentes dentro de las cuales se destacaron Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Ochrobactrum anthropi y Bacillus cereus por la capacidad de reducir Cr6+ a 96 h con eficiencias de 29.0%, 61.1% y 100%, respectivamente.
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Ryan MP, Pembroke JT. The Genus Ochrobactrum as Major Opportunistic Pathogens. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1797. [PMID: 33207839 PMCID: PMC7696743 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochrobactrum species are non-enteric, Gram-negative organisms that are closely related to the genus Brucella. Since the designation of the genus in 1988, several distinct species have now been characterised and implicated as opportunistic pathogens in multiple outbreaks. Here, we examine the genus, its members, diagnostic tools used for identification, data from recent Ochrobactrum whole genome sequencing and the pathogenicity associated with reported Ochrobactrum infections. This review identified 128 instances of Ochrobactrum spp. infections that have been discussed in the literature. These findings indicate that infection review programs should consider investigation of possible Ochrobactrum spp. outbreaks if these bacteria are clinically isolated in more than one patient and that Ochrobactrum spp. are more important pathogens than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Ryan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Limerick Institute of Technology, Moylish V94 EC5T, Limerick, Ireland;
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX2, Ireland
| | - J. Tony Pembroke
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX2, Ireland
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Nath S, Sinha A, Singha YS, Dey A, Bhattacharjee N, Deb B. Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant, toxic metal-tolerant and biofilm-forming bacteria in hospital surroundings. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2020; 35:e2020018. [PMID: 32979903 PMCID: PMC7656160 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and rapid spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to unethical and non-scientific disposal of hospital wastes and clinical by-products caused an alarming environmental concern and associated public health risks. The present study aims to assess the co-selection of antibiotic resistance and heavy metal tolerance by bacteria isolated from hospital effluents. These isolates were also tested for hemolytic activity, pH-tolerance, thermal inactivation, auto-aggregation, cell-surface hydrophobicity and interaction with other bacteria. The study reports the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant and heavy metal tolerant bacteria in clinical effluents and water samples. Most of these isolates were resistant to vancomycin, clindamycin, ampicillin, rifampicin, penicillin-G, methicillin and cefdinir, and evidenced the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamase enzyme. Toxic metals such as cadmium, copper, iron, lead and zinc also exert a selection pressure towards antibiotic resistance. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain GCC_19W3, Bacillus sp. strain GCC_19S2 and Achromobacter spanius strain GCC_SB1 showed β-hemolysis, evidenced by the complete breakdown of the red blood cells. Highest auto-aggregation was exhibited by Bacillus sp. strain GCC_19S2; whereas, maximum cell-surface hydrophobicity was displayed by P. aeruginosa strain GCC_19W1. Antagonistic activity by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain GCC_19W2, P. aeruginosa strain GCC_19W3 and strains of Achromobacter restricts the growth of other microorganisms by producing some bactericidal substances. The study emphasises undertaking safety measures for the disposal of clinical effluents directly into the environment. The study suggests adopting necessary measures and regulations to restrict the spread of emerging pathogens within the hospital biome and community, which if unnoticed, might pose a significant clinical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Nath
- Department of Biotechnology, Gurucharan College, Silchar, Assam, India
- Bioinformatics Centre, Gurucharan College, Silchar, Assam, India
- Institutional Biotech Hub, Gurucharan College, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Ahana Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, Gurucharan College, Silchar, Assam, India
| | | | - Ankita Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Gurucharan College, Silchar, Assam, India
| | | | - Bibhas Deb
- Department of Biotechnology, Gurucharan College, Silchar, Assam, India
- Bioinformatics Centre, Gurucharan College, Silchar, Assam, India
- Institutional Biotech Hub, Gurucharan College, Silchar, Assam, India
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Hematogenous pleural infection caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans in a patient undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. J Infect Chemother 2019; 26:389-392. [PMID: 31837898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A 78-year-old Japanese man, undergoing maintenance hemodialysis for 20 years and having received coronary artery bypass grafting two months before, was hospitalized because of fever with subclinical left-sided pleurisy. Achromobacter xylosoxidans strains exhibiting identical genomic patterns on a macrorestriction analysis were isolated from the blood and the pleural effusion obtained on admission. Physical and radiological examinations did not reveal any lesions in either chest wall or lung adjacent to the effusion, indicating that the organism in the effusion had entered the pleural space via the bloodstream. Immunocompromising conditions due to undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and the presence of the antecedently accumulated pleural effusion may have been associated with the development of hematogenous dissemination. The patient fully recovered only with antibiotic therapy. To our knowledge, the present report is the first describing a case of hematogenous pleural infection caused by A. xylosoxidans.
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Amoureux L, Bador J, Neuwirth C. Achromobacter xylosoxidans Infections after Prostate Biopsies, France, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:2158-2159. [PMID: 31625846 PMCID: PMC6810184 DOI: 10.3201/eid2511.161487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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12
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Marion-Sanchez K, Pailla K, Olive C, Le Coutour X, Derancourt C. Achromobacter spp. healthcare associated infections in the French West Indies: a longitudinal study from 2006 to 2016. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:795. [PMID: 31500579 PMCID: PMC6734299 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteria of the Achromobacter genus, more particularly xylosoxidans species, are responsible for various healthcare associated infections (HAI) which are increasingly described since the last decade. Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are considered as potential reservoirs in hospitals. We performed a retrospective study to estimate the frequencies of Achromobacter spp. HAI among patients from French West Indies, to determine characteristics of infected patients and establish a possible link between CF and infections. Methods All adults with at least one Achromobacter spp. positive sample and infection criteria in accordance with European official definitions of HAI, hospitalized in University Hospital of Martinique from 2006 to 2016 for more than 48 h, were included. Patient clinical features, immune status and underlying diseases were obtained from medical files. A list of CF patients was given by clinicians. Antibiotic-susceptibility profiles of the strains were determined using an automated method. Results Mean incidence density was 0.038/1000 days of hospitalization. Achromobacter spp. HAI evolved as an endemic situation with a low but pretty much stable incidence rate over the 11-year observation period. An epidemic peak was noticed in 2013. Among the 66 included patients, 56.1% were immunocompetent and no one had CF. Pneumonia and bacteraemia were the two main HAI. Among the 79 isolated strains, 92.4% were resistant to at least 1 major antibiotic and 16.4% met the definition of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Conclusions This microorganism, little known in our country because of the scarcity of CF patients, represents a threat for both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients and a therapeutic challenge because of its high resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Marion-Sanchez
- Department of Hospital Hygiene, CHU Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique. .,Unité de Surveillance et de Prévention des Infections Nosocomiales, CHU de Martinique, Site Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CS 90632, 97290, Fort-de-France Cedex, Martinique.
| | - Karine Pailla
- Bacteriology Laboratory, CHU Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Claude Olive
- Bacteriology Laboratory, CHU Martinique, Fort-de-France, Martinique
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Aguilera-Arreola MG, Ostria-Hernández ML, Albarrán-Fernández E, Juárez-Enriquez SR, Majalca-Martínez C, Rico-Verdín B, Ruiz EA, Ruiz-Palma MDS, Morales-García MR, Contreras-Rodríguez A. Correct Identification of Ochrobactrum anthropi From Blood Culture Using 16rRNA Sequencing: A First Case Report in an Immunocompromised Patient in Mexico. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:205. [PMID: 30079338 PMCID: PMC6062634 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present report describes the misidentification of Brucella spp. from a positive blood culture using traditional microbiology tests. A molecular test identified the bacterium as Ochrobactrum anthropi. According to the information available, this report is the first to include this type of case in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma G Aguilera-Arreola
- Medical Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha L Ostria-Hernández
- Medical Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Albarrán-Fernández
- Department of Epidemiology, Centro Médico Nacional, 20 de Noviembre del Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara R Juárez-Enriquez
- Special Test Laboratory, Centro Médico Nacional, 20 de Noviembre - Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristina Majalca-Martínez
- Special Test Laboratory, Centro Médico Nacional, 20 de Noviembre - Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatríz Rico-Verdín
- Department of Epidemiology, Centro Médico Nacional, 20 de Noviembre del Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrico A Ruiz
- Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Del Socorro Ruiz-Palma
- Medical Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico.,General Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María R Morales-García
- General Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico.,Biotechnology Area, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Araceli Contreras-Rodríguez
- General Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Leduc P, Doublet JD, Bruyère F, Malavaud S. [Infection control practices while performing prostate biopsies in France: A CIAFU survey]. Prog Urol 2017; 27:529-535. [PMID: 28818480 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In 2008, the French Public Health Committee admitted that associating ultrasound probe protection, and related precautions, and low-level disinfection would be equivalent to the intermediate level disinfection. In 2010, the French Urology Association (AFU) updated guidelines regarding trans-rectal prostate biopsies, namely preventive measures related to cross-transmission of infections. We report an evaluation of compliance to them, driven in 2016 by AFU's infection committee. Although not recommended, almost one third of the urologists still perform biopsies under general anesthesia, and two thirds of them ask for a urine culture before biopsies. Several improvements are still needed: sterilization of needle guide should always be done when not of single use, the ultrasonography gel should be sterile, probes protection should be EC labeled, and compliance to probe processing between two patients should increase. Most of urologists happened to experience blood or feces contamination of probes. Less than half of probes are entirely floodable, and when intermediate level disinfection is done, glutaraldehyde is still referred as disinfectant by one third of the urologists. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Leduc
- Unité d'épidémiologie et hygiène hospitalière, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil, 1, avenue Jean-Poulhès, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - J D Doublet
- Service d'urologie, centre hospitalier de Versailles, 177, rue de Versailles, 78157 Le Chesnaix cedex, France
| | - F Bruyère
- Service d'urologie, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France; PRES centre Val-de-Loire, université François-Rabelais de Tours, 37044 Tours, France
| | - S Malavaud
- Unité d'épidémiologie et hygiène hospitalière, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil, 1, avenue Jean-Poulhès, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
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15
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Shen H, Lu Z, Xu Z, Shen Z. Diet-induced reconstruction of mucosal microbiota associated with alterations of epithelium lectin expression and regulation in the maintenance of rumen homeostasis. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28638072 PMCID: PMC5479827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unknown whether lectins of the rumen epithelium contribute to the recognition of mucosal microbes and activation of tolerogenic cytokines in ruminant animals. We applied an integrated method of RNA-seq and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate alterations of epithelial lectin expression and regulation with a diet-induced reconstruction of the mucosal microbiota in the goat rumen. Our results showed that the diversity and richness of the rumen mucosal microbiota were promoted by the dietary concentrate. Meantime, in the rumen epithelium, five lectin genes, namely, sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 14 (LOC102180073), C-type lectin domain family 4, member E (CLEC4E), C-type lectin domain family 7, member A (CLEC7A), C-type lectin domain family 16, member A (CLEC16A), and lectin, mannose-binding 2 (LMAN2), were indicated to promote the expression of 8 tolerogenic cytokines, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) and 4 enzyme genes involved in retinoic acid biosynthesis via 6 signaling pathways. Analysis of the combined data showed that 9 microbial genera (Clostridium_IV, Desulfobulbus, Eubacterium, Ochrobactrum, Propionibacterium, Pseudomonas, Slackia, Staphylococcus and Subdivision5_genera_IS) were highly related to the expression of functional lectins. These findings provide new insights into the interactions between the rumen epithelium and mucosal microbiota in the maintenance of rumen homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongyan Lu
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhihui Xu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zanming Shen
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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