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Lin M, Yao QC, Liu J, Huo M, Zhou Y, Chen M, Li Y, Gao Y, Ge Y. Evolution and Reassortment of H6 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:1547. [PMID: 37515233 PMCID: PMC10383184 DOI: 10.3390/v15071547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The H6 subtype of avian influenza virus (H6 AIV) is the most detected AIV subtype in poultry and wild birds. It causes economic losses to the poultry industry, and the most important, H6 AIV may have the ability to infect mammals, which is a great threat to public health security. In addition, the H6 subtype can serve as a precursor to providing internal genes for other highly pathogenic AIVs, posing a potential threat. H6 AIV currently face to the high positive detection rate and harmless nature of H6 AIV and because not highly effective H6 subtype vaccine available on the market. In this study, we focused on the prevalence of H6 AIV in poultry and wild birds, phylogenetic analysis, genetic variation characteristics, selection analysis, and prevention and control to provide relevant references for the scientific prevention and control of H6 AIV in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqin Lin
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Qiu-Cheng Yao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Miaotong Huo
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Minyi Chen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yuanguo Li
- Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Ye Ge
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Kim JY, Lee SH, Kim DW, Lee DW, Song CS, Lee DH, Kwon JH. Detection of intercontinental reassortant H6 avian influenza viruses from wild birds in South Korea, 2015 and 2017. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1157984. [PMID: 37377949 PMCID: PMC10291271 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1157984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in wild birds are phylogenetically separated in Eurasian and North American lineages due to the separated distribution and migration of wild birds. However, AIVs are occasionally dispersed between two continents by migratory wild birds flying across the Bering Strait. In this study, we isolated three AIVs from wild bird feces collected in South Korea that contain gene segments derived from American lineage AIVs, including an H6N2 isolated in 2015 and two H6N1 in 2017. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the H6N2 virus had American lineage matrix gene and the H6N1 viruses had American lineage nucleoprotein and non-structural genes. These results highlight that novel AIVs have continuously emerged by reassortment between viruses from the two continents. Therefore, continuous monitoring for the emergence and intercontinental spread of novel reassortant AIV is required to prepare for a possible future outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hak Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Wildlife Health Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Dutta AK, Gazi MS, Uddin SJ. A systemic review on medicinal plants and their bioactive constituents against avian influenza and further confirmation through in-silico analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14386. [PMID: 36925514 PMCID: PMC10011005 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Avian influenza or more commonly known as bird flu is a widespread infectious disease in poultry. This review aims to accumulate information of different natural plant sources that can aid in combating this disease. Influenza virus (IV) is known for its ability to mutate and infect different species (including humans) and cause fatal consequences. Methods Total 33 plants and 4 natural compounds were identified and documented. Molecular docking was performed against the target viral protein neuraminidase (NA), with some plant based natural compounds and compared their results with standard drugs Oseltamivir and Zanamivir to obtain novel drug targets for influenza in chickens. Results It was seen that most extracts exhibit their action by interacting with viral hemagglutinin or neuraminidase and inhibit viral entry or release from the host cell. Some plants also interacted with the viral RNA replication or by reducing proinflammatory cytokines. Ethanol was mostly used for extraction. Among all the plants Theobroma cacao, Capparis Sinaica Veil, Androgarphis paniculate, Thallasodendron cillatum, Sinularia candidula, Larcifomes officinalis, Lenzites betulina, Datronia molis, Trametes gibbose exhibited their activity with least concentration (below 10 μg/ml). The dockings results showed that some natural compounds (5,7- dimethoxyflavone, Aloe emodin, Anthocyanins, Quercetin, Hemanthamine, Lyocrine, Terpenoid EA showed satisfactory binding affinity and binding specificity with viral neuraminidase compared to the synthetic drugs. Conclusion This review clusters up to date information of effective herbal plants to bolster future influenza treatment research in chickens. The in-silico analysis also suggests some potential targets for future drug development but these require more clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashit Kumar Dutta
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shamim Gazi
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
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Genetic Characterization and Pathogenesis of Avian Influenza Virus H3N8 Isolated from Chinese pond heron in China in 2021. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020383. [PMID: 36851597 PMCID: PMC9966531 DOI: 10.3390/v15020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In October 2021, a wild bird-origin H3N8 influenza virus-A/Chinese pond heron/Jiangxi 5-1/2021 (H3N8)-was isolated from Chinese pond heron in China. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses were performed to characterize the genetic origin of the H3N8 strain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that eight gene segments of this avian influenza virus H3N8 belong to Eurasian lineages. HA gene clustered with avian influenza viruses is circulating in poultry in southern China. The NA gene possibly originated from wild ducks in South Korea and has the highest homology (99.3%) with A/Wild duck/South Korea/KNU2020-104/2020 (H3N8), while other internal genes have a complex and wide range of origins. The HA cleavage site is PEKQTR↓GLF with one basic amino acid, Q226 and T228 at HA preferentially bind to the alpha-2,3-linked sialic acid receptor, non-deletion of the stalk region in the NA gene and no mutations at E627K and D701N of the PB2 protein, indicating that isolate A/Chinese pond heron/Jiangxi 5-1/2021 (H3N8) was a typical avian influenza with low pathogenicity. However, there are some mutations that may increase pathogenicity and transmission in mammals, such as N30D, T215A of M1 protein, and P42S of NS1 protein. In animal studies, A/Chinese pond heron/Jiangxi 5-1/2021 (H3N8) replicates inefficiently in the mouse lung and does not adapt well to the mammalian host. Overall, A/Chinese pond heron/Jiangxi 5-1/2021 (H3N8) is a novel wild bird-origin H3N8 influenza virus reassortant from influenza viruses of poultry and wild birds. This wild bird-origin avian influenza virus is associated with wild birds along the East Asian-Australasian flyway. Therefore, surveillance of avian influenza viruses in wild birds should be strengthened to assess their mutation and pandemic risk in advance.
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Yao Z, Zheng H, Xiong J, Ma L, Gui R, Zhu G, Li Y, Yang G, Chen G, Zhang J, Chen Q. Genetic and Pathogenic Characterization of Avian Influenza Virus in Migratory Birds between 2015 and 2019 in Central China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0165222. [PMID: 35862978 PMCID: PMC9431584 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01652-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Active surveillance of avian influenza virus (AIV) in wetlands and lakes is important for exploring the gene pool in wild birds. Through active surveillance from 2015 through 2019, 10,900 samples from wild birds in central China were collected, and 89 AIVs were isolated, including 2 subtypes of highly pathogenic AIV and 12 of low-pathogenic AIV; H9N2 and H6Ny were the dominant subtypes. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates demonstrated that extensive intersubtype reassortments and frequent intercontinental gene exchange occurred in AIVs. AIV gene segments persistently circulated in several migration seasons, but interseasonal persistence of the whole genome was rare. The whole genomes of one H6N6 and polymerase basic 2 (PB2), polymerase acidic (PA), hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), M, and nonstructural (NS) genes of one H9N2 virus were found to be of poultry origin, suggesting a spillover of AIVs from poultry to wild birds. Importantly, one H9N2 virus only bound to human-type receptor, and one H1N1, four H6, and seven H9N2 viruses possessed dual receptor-binding capacity. Nineteen of 20 representative viruses tested could replicate in the lungs of mice without preadaptation, which poses a clear threat of infection in humans. Together, our study highlights the need for intensive AIV surveillance. IMPORTANCE Influenza virus surveillance in wild birds plays an important role in the early recognition and control of the virus. However, the AIV gene pool in wild birds in central China along the East Asian-Australasian flyway has not been well studied. Here, we conducted a 5-year AIV active surveillance in this region. Our data revealed the long-term circulation and prevalence of AIVs in wild birds in central China, and we observed that intercontinental gene exchange of AIVs is more frequent and continuous than previously thought. Spillover events from poultry to wild bird were observed in H6 and H9 viruses. In addition, in 20 representative viruses, 12 viruses could bind human-type receptors, and 19 viruses could replicate in mice without preadaption. Our work highlights the potential threat of wild bird AIVs to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzi Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, CAS Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huabin Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, CAS Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiasong Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, CAS Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, CAS Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Gui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, CAS Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gongliang Zhu
- The Monitoring Center of Wildlife Diseases and Resource of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Li
- The Monitoring Center of Wildlife Diseases and Resource of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxiang Yang
- The Monitoring Center of Wildlife Diseases and Resource of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang Chen
- The Monitoring Center of Wildlife Diseases and Resource of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- The Monitoring Center of Wildlife Diseases and Resource of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Quanjiao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, CAS Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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The Genomic Evolution and the Transmission Dynamics of H6N2 Avian Influenza A Viruses in Southern China. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061154. [PMID: 35746626 PMCID: PMC9229805 DOI: 10.3390/v14061154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, the broad prevalence of H6 subtype influenza viruses, increasingly detected in aquatic birds, promotes their exchange materials with other highly pathogenic human-infecting H5N1, H5N6, and H7N9 influenza viruses. Strikingly, some H6 subtype viruses can infect pigs, dogs, and humans, posing risks to public health. In this study, 9 H6N2 viruses recovered from waterfowl species in the Guangdong province of China in 2018 were isolated and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the genome sequences of these H6N2 viruses belonged to Group I, except for the NP gene in Group III. Coalescent analyses demonstrated that the reassortment of NA and NS genes have occurred in two independent clusters, suggesting H6 subtype viruses had been undergoing a complex reassortant. To examine the evolutionary dynamics and the dissemination of the H6 subtype viruses, a Bayesian stochastic search variable selection was performed for results showing higher viral migration rates between closer provinces, including Guangdong, Jiangxi, Guangxi, and Fujian. Notably, the transmission routes of the H6 subtype viruses were concentrated in Jiangxi Province, the most frequent location for input and output transmission and a region containing Poyang Lake, a well-known wintering site for migration birds. We also found that the aquatic birds, especially ducks, were the most common input source of the viral transmission. In addition, we also found that eight positively selected amino acid sites were identified in HA protein. Given their continuous dissemination and the broad prevalence of the H6 subtype influenza viruses, continued surveillance is warranted in the future.
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Ramey AM, Hill NJ, DeLiberto TJ, Gibbs SEJ, Camille Hopkins M, Lang AS, Poulson RL, Prosser DJ, Sleeman JM, Stallknecht DE, Wan X. Highly pathogenic avian influenza is an emerging disease threat to wild birds in North America. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Ramey
- U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center 4210 University Drive Anchorage AK 99508 USA
| | - Nichola J. Hill
- Department of Infectious Disease & Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University 200 Westboro Road North Grafton MA 01536 USA
| | - Thomas J. DeLiberto
- National Wildlife Disease Program, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521 USA
| | - Samantha E. J. Gibbs
- Wildlife Health Office Natural Resource Program Center, National Wildlife Refuge System, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 16450 NW 31st Place Chiefland FL 32626 USA
| | - M. Camille Hopkins
- U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 300 (Room 4A100F) Reston VA 20192 USA
| | - Andrew S. Lang
- Department of Biology Memorial University of Newfoundland 232 Elizabeth Avenue St. John's Newfoundland A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Rebecca L. Poulson
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia 589 D.W. Brooks Drive Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Diann J. Prosser
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge 12100 Beech Forest Road Laurel MD 20708 USA
| | - Jonathan M. Sleeman
- U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center 6006 Schroeder Road Madison WI 53711 USA
| | - David E. Stallknecht
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia 589 D.W. Brooks Drive Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Xiu‐Feng Wan
- Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, Department of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has given the study of virus evolution and ecology new relevance. Although viruses were first identified more than a century ago, we likely know less about their diversity than that of any other biological entity. Most documented animal viruses have been sampled from just two phyla - the Chordata and the Arthropoda - with a strong bias towards viruses that infect humans or animals of economic and social importance, often in association with strong disease phenotypes. Fortunately, the recent development of unbiased metagenomic next-generation sequencing is providing a richer view of the animal virome and shedding new light on virus evolution. In this Review, we explore our changing understanding of the diversity, composition and evolution of the animal virome. We outline the factors that determine the phylogenetic diversity and genomic structure of animal viruses on evolutionary timescales and show how this impacts assessment of the risk of disease emergence in the short term. We also describe the ongoing challenges in metagenomic analysis and outline key themes for future research. A central question is how major events in the evolutionary history of animals, such as the origin of the vertebrates and periodic mass extinction events, have shaped the diversity and evolution of the viruses they carry.
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9
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Tian J, Li M, Bai X, Li Y, Wang X, Wang F, Shi J, Zeng X, Tian G, Li Y. H5 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses maintained in wild birds in China. Vet Microbiol 2021; 263:109268. [PMID: 34781191 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Low pathogenic avian influenza virus, H5 or H7 subtype, possesses the potential capability to change to highly pathogenic variant, which damages wild waterfowl, domestic poultry, and mammalian hosts. In regular active surveillance of avian influenza virus from wild birds in China in 2020, we isolated six H5 avian influenza viruses, including one H5N2, two H5N3, and three H5N8. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the H5N2 and H5N3 isolates clustered into Eurasian lineage, whereas the H5N8 viruses were originated in North America. The HA proteins of six viruses carried the cleavage-site motif PQRETR↓GLF, which indicated low pathogenicity of the viruses in chickens. However, the N30D, I43M, and T215A mutations in M1 protein and the P42S, I106M, and C138F residues changed in NS1 protein, implying all viruses could exhibit increased virulence in mice. Viral replication kinetics in mammalian cells demonstrated that the three representative viruses had the ability to replicate in both MDCK cells and A549 cells with low titers. Even though two of three representatives, WS/SX/S3-620/2020(H5N3) and ML/AH/A3-770/2020(H5N8), did not replicate and transmit efficiently in poultry (chickens), they did replicate and transmit efficiently in waterfowl (ducks). Viral pathogenicity in mice indicated that both H5N2 and H5N3 viruses are able to replicate in the nasal turbinates and lungs of mice without prior adaptation, while the H5N8 virus could not. The intercontinental and cross-species transmission of viruses may continuously exist in China, thereby providing constant opportunities for virus reassortment with local resident AIVs. Thus, it is crucial to continuously monitor migration routes for AIVs by systematic surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingman Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Minghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoli Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | | | - Fuhong Wang
- Caizihu National Wetland Park, Anqing, China
| | - Jianzhong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xianying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guobin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
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Wang D, Li M, Xiong C, Yan Y, Hu J, Hao M, Liang B, Chen J, Chen G, Yang G, Li Y, Zhang J, Gulyaeva M, Shestopalov A, Shi W, Bi Y, Liu H, Wang H, Liu D, Chen J. Ecology of avian influenza viruses in migratory birds wintering within the Yangtze River wetlands. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:2014-2024. [PMID: 36654171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Migratory birds are considered natural reservoirs of avian influenza A viruses (AIVs). To further our viral ecology knowledge and understand the subsequent risk posed by wild birds, we conducted a 4-year surveillance study of AIVs in the bird wintering wetlands of the Yangtze River, China. We collected over 8000 samples and isolated 122 AIV strains. Analyses were then carried out with 108 novel sequenced genomes and data were deposited in GISAID and other public databases. The results showed that the Yangtze River wintering wetlands functioned as a mixing ground, where various subtypes of AIVs were detected harboring a high diversity of nucleotide sequences; moreover, a portion of AIV gene segments were persistent inter-seasonally. Phylogenetic incongruence presented complex reassortment events and distinct patterns among various subtypes. In addition, we observed that viral gene segments in wintering wetlands were closely related to known North American isolates, indicating that intercontinental gene flow occurred. Notably, highly pathogenic H5 and low pathogenic H9 viruses, which usually circulate in poultry, were found to have crossed the poultry/wild bird interface, with the viruses introduced to wintering birds. Overall, this study represented the largest AIV surveillance effort of wild birds within the Yangtze River wintering wetlands. Surveillance data highlighted the important role of wintering wild birds in the ecology of AIVs and may enable future early warnings of novel AIV emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingxin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaochao Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juefu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mengchan Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bilin Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guoxiang Yang
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yong Li
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Marina Gulyaeva
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Alexander Shestopalov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haizhou Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Di Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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11
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Zhang X, Li Y, Jin S, Zhang Y, Sun L, Hu X, Zhao M, Li F, Wang T, Sun W, Feng N, Wang H, He H, Zhao Y, Yang S, Xia X, Gao Y. PB1 S524G mutation of wild bird-origin H3N8 influenza A virus enhances virulence and fitness for transmission in mammals. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1038-1051. [PMID: 33840358 PMCID: PMC8183522 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1912644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Influenza H3N8 viruses have been recovered frequently from wild bird species, including Anseriformes (primarily from migratory ducks) and Charadriiformes (primarily from shorebirds). However, little attention has been given to the transmission ability of H3N8 avian influenza viruses among mammals. Here, we study the potential human health threat and the molecular basis of mammalian transmissibility of H3N8 avian influenza viruses isolated from wild bird reservoirs. We classified eight H3N8 viruses into seven different genotypes based on genomic diversity. Six of eight H3N8 viruses isolated naturally from wild birds have acquired the ability to bind to the human-type receptor. However, the affinity for α-2,6-linked SAs was lower than that for α-2,3-linked SAs. Experiments on guinea pigs demonstrated that three viruses transmitted efficiently to direct-contact guinea pigs without prior adaptation. Notably, one virus transmitted efficiently via respiratory droplets in guinea pigs but not in ferrets. We further found that the PB1 S524G mutation conferred T222 virus airborne transmissibility between ferrets. We also determined that the 524G mutant increased viral pathogenicity slightly in mice compared with the WT (wild type). Based on these results, we elucidated the potential human health threat and molecular basis of mammalian transmissibility of H3N8 influenza viruses. We emphasized the need for continued surveillance of the H3N8 influenza viruses circulating in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghai Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanguo Li
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Jin
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiyun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin He
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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12
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The Genome Sequence of an H6N5 Influenza A Virus Strain Isolated from a Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) Sampled in Alaska, USA, Shares High Identity with That of a South Korean Wild Bird Strain. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/33/e00639-20. [PMID: 32817149 PMCID: PMC7427187 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00639-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the genome sequence of an H6N5 influenza A virus isolated from a northern pintail sampled in Alaska in 2017. All segment sequences shared >99% nucleotide identity with those of a wild bird strain from South Korea. This finding supports viral dispersal between East Asia and North America by wild birds.
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13
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Nguyen NM, Sung HW, Yun KJ, Park H, Yeo SJ. Genetic Characterization of a Novel North American-Origin Avian Influenza A (H6N5) Virus Isolated from Bean Goose of South Korea in 2018. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070774. [PMID: 32709116 PMCID: PMC7411716 DOI: 10.3390/v12070774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex overlap in waterfowl migratory pathways across the world has established numerous occurrences of genetic reassortment and intercontinental spread of avian influenza virus (AIV) over long distances, thereby calling for huge efforts and targeted surveillance for infection control. During annual surveillance in South Korea in 2018, a novel avian influenza H6N5 (K6) subtype was isolated from the fecal sample of wild bird. Genomic characterization using a phylogenetic tree indicated the K6 virus to be of North American-origin, with partial homology to an H6N5 strain, A/Aix galericulata/South Korea/K17-1638-5/2017 (K17). A monobasic residue at the HA cleavage site and absence of a notable mutation at the HA receptor-binding site suggested the isolate to be of low pathogenicity. However, molecular analysis revealed the E119V mutation in the NA gene and a human host marker mutation E382D in the polymerase acidic (PA) gene, implying their susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors and potential infectivity in humans, respectively. For comparison, K6 and K17 were found to be dissimilar for various mutations, such as A274T of PB2, S375N/T of PB1, or V105M of NP, each concerning the increased virulence of K6 in mammalian system. Moreover, kinetic data presented the highest viral titer of this H6N5 isolate at 106.37 log10TCID50 after 48 h of infection, thus proving efficient adaptability for replication in a mammalian system in vitro. The mouse virus challenge study showed insignificant influence on the total body weight, while viral load shedding in lungs peaked at 1.88 ± 0.21 log10 TICD50/mL, six days post infection. The intercontinental transmission of viruses from North America may continuously be present in Korea, thereby providing constant opportunities for virus reassortment with local resident AIVs; these results hint at the increased potential risk of host jumping capabilities of the new isolates. Our findings reinforce the demand for regular surveillance, not only in Korea but also along the flyways in Alaska.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Minh Nguyen
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea;
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea;
| | - Ki-Jung Yun
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea;
| | - Hyun Park
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.P.); (S.-J.Y.)
| | - Seon-Ju Yeo
- Zoonosis Research Center, Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.P.); (S.-J.Y.)
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14
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Genetic Characterization of Avian Influenza A (H11N9) Virus Isolated from Mandarin Ducks in South Korea in 2018. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020203. [PMID: 32059510 PMCID: PMC7077279 DOI: 10.3390/v12020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In July 2018, a novel avian influenza virus (A/Mandarin duck/South Korea/KNU18-12/2018(H11N9)) was isolated from Mandarin ducks in South Korea. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses were conducted to characterize the genetic origins of the H11N9 strain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that eight gene segments of strain H11N9 belonged to the Eurasian lineages. Analysis of nucleotide sequence similarity of both the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes revealed the highest homology with A/duck/Kagoshima/KU57/2014 (H11N9), showing 97.70% and 98.00% nucleotide identities, respectively. Additionally, internal genes showed homology higher than 98% compared to those of other isolates derived from duck and wild birds. Both the polymerase acidic (PA) and polymerase basic 1 (PB1) genes were close to the H5N3 strain isolated in China; whereas, other internal genes were closely related to that of avian influenza virus in Japan. A single basic amino acid at the HA cleavage site (PAIASR↓GLF), the lack of a five-amino acid deletion (residue 69–73) in the stalk region of the NA gene, and E627 in the polymerase basic 2 (PB2) gene indicated that the A/Mandarin duck/South Korea/KNU18-12/2018(H11N9) isolate was a typical low-pathogenicity avian influenza. In vitro viral replication of H11N9 showed a lower titer than H1N1 and higher than H9N2. In mice, H11N9 showed lower adaptation than H1N1. The novel A/Mandarin duck/South Korea/KNU18-12/2018(H11N9) isolate may have resulted from an unknown reassortment through the import of multiple wild birds in Japan and Korea in approximately 2016–2017, evolving to produce a different H11N9 compared to the previous H11N9 in Korea (2016). Further reassortment events of this virus occurred in PB1 and PA in China-derived strains. These results indicate that Japanese- and Chinese-derived avian influenza contributes to the genetic diversity of A/Mandarin duck/South Korea/KNU18-12/2018(H11N9) in Korea.
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