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Marchi S, Lanave G, Camero M, Dapporto F, Manenti A, Benincasa L, Acciavatti A, Brogi G, Viviani S, Montomoli E, Trombetta CM. SARS-CoV-2 Circulation during the First Year of the Pandemic: A Seroprevalence Study from January to December 2020 in Tuscany, Italy. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071441. [PMID: 35891420 PMCID: PMC9324460 DOI: 10.3390/v14071441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Italy was the second country affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic; the virus spread mainly in Northern Italy with a subsequent diffusion to the center and southern part of the country. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the general population of the Siena province in the Tuscany region (Central Italy) during 2020. A total of 2480 serum samples collected from January to December 2020 were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by a commercial ELISA. Positive and borderline samples were further tested for the presence of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgM and IgG antibodies by an in-house ELISA and by a micro-neutralization assay. Out of the 2480 samples tested by the commercial ELISA, 81 (3.3%) were found to be positive or borderline for IgG and 58 (2.3%) for IgM in a total of 133 samples (5.4%) found to be positive or borderline for at least one antibody class. When the commercial ELISA and in-house ELISA/micro-neutralization assay results were combined, 26 samples (1.0%) were positive for RBD IgG, 11 (0.4%) for RBD IgM, and 23 (0.9%) for a neutralizing antibody. An increase in seroprevalence was observed during the year 2020, especially from the end of summer, consistent with the routine epidemiological surveillance of COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Marchi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.V.); (E.M.); (C.M.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (G.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (G.L.); (M.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Giulio Brogi
- NeoMedica Srl, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.A.); (G.B.)
| | - Simonetta Viviani
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.V.); (E.M.); (C.M.T.)
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.V.); (E.M.); (C.M.T.)
- VisMederi Srl, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.D.); (A.M.)
- VisMederi Research Srl, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Claudia Maria Trombetta
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.V.); (E.M.); (C.M.T.)
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Trentinaglia M, Lippi G, Salvagno GL, Rispoli MG, De Angelis MV, Castellani F, Alberti D, Maniscalco GT, Rossi F, Turri M, Rossi P, Del Zotto E, Fusina S, Cardellini D, Zivelonghi C, Volonghi I, Monaco S, Briani C, Ferrari S, Mariotto S. Peripheral neuropathies during the COVID-19 pandemic: is there a relation? Immunol Res 2022; 70:408-413. [PMID: 35237933 PMCID: PMC8890815 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Trentinaglia
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.le LA Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Salvagno
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Service of Laboratory Medicine, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Daniela Alberti
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.le LA Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgia T Maniscalco
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, "A. Cardarelli Hospital", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- Neurology Unit, Mater Salutis Hospital, Legnago, Verona, Italy
| | - Mara Turri
- Department of Neurology/Stroke Unit, San Maurizio Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rossi
- Neurology Unit, St Bassano Hospital, Bassano del Grappa, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Simone Fusina
- Neurology Unit, S. Bonifacio Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Zivelonghi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.le LA Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Irene Volonghi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Monaco
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.le LA Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Briani
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sergio Ferrari
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.le LA Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Mariotto
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.le LA Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
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Jacob L, Koyanagi A, Smith L, Haro JM, Rohe AM, Kostev K. Prevalence of and factors associated with COVID-19 diagnosis in symptomatic patients followed in general practices in Germany between March 2020 and March 2021. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 111:37-42. [PMID: 34380089 PMCID: PMC8413670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of and the factors associated with the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in symptomatic patients followed in general practices in Germany between March 2020 and March 2021. Methods Symptomatic patients tested for COVID-19 and followed in one of 962 general practices in Germany from March 2020 to March 2021 were included in this study. Covariates included sex, age, and comorbidities present in at least 3% of the population. The association between these factors and the diagnosis of COVID-19 was analyzed using an adjusted logistic regression model. Results A total of 301,290 patients tested for COVID-19 were included in this study (54.7% women; mean [SD] age 44.6 [18.5] years). The prevalence of COVID-19 was 13.8% in this sample. Male sex and older age were positively and significantly associated with COVID-19. In terms of comorbidities, the strongest positive associations with COVID-19 were observed for cardiac arrhythmias, depression, and obesity. There was also a negative relationship between the odds of being diagnosed with COVID-19 and several conditions such as chronic sinusitis, asthma, and anxiety disorders. Conclusions Approximately 14% of symptomatic patients tested for COVID-19 were diagnosed with COVID-19 in German general practices from March 2020 to March 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux 78180, France
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna M Rohe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Solingen Municipal Hospital, Solingen, Germany
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Porru S, Monaco MGL, Carta A, Spiteri G, Parpaiola M, Battaggia A, Galligioni G, Ferrazzi B, Lo Cascio G, Gibellini D, Peretti A, Brutti M, Tardivo S, Ghirlanda G, Verlato G, Gaino S, Peserico D, Bassi A, Lippi G. SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Health Workers: Analysis from Verona SIEROEPID Study during the Pre-Vaccination Era. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126446. [PMID: 34198715 PMCID: PMC8296263 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: To report the baseline phase of the SIEROEPID study on SARS-CoV-2 infection seroprevalence among health workers at the University Hospital of Verona, Italy, between spring and fall 2020; to compare performances of several laboratory tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection. Methods: 5299 voluntary health workers were enrolled from 28 April 2020 to 28 July 2020 to assess immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection throughout IgM, IgG and IgA serum levels titration by four laboratory tests. Association of antibody titre with several demographic variables, swab tests and performance tests (sensitivity, specificity, and agreement) were statistically analyzed. Results: The overall seroprevalence was 6%, considering either IgG and IgM, and 4.8% considering IgG. Working in COVID-19 Units was not associated with a statistically significant increase in the number of infected workers. Cohen’s kappa of agreement between MaglumiTM and VivaDiagTM was quite good when considering IgG only (Cohen’s kappa = 78.1%, 95% CI 74.0–82.0%), but was lower considering IgM (Cohen’s kappa = 13.3%, 95% CI 7.8–18.7%). Conclusion: The large sample size with high participation (84.7%), the biobank and the longitudinal design were significant achievements, offering a baseline dataset as the benchmark for risk assessment, health surveillance and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection for the hospital workforce, especially considering the ongoing vaccination campaign. Study results support the national regulator guidelines on using swabs for SARS-CoV-2 screening with health workers and using the serological tests to contribute to the epidemiological assessment of the spread of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Porru
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.P.); (A.C.)
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Lourdes Monaco
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0039-0458123946
| | - Angela Carta
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.P.); (A.C.)
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Spiteri
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Marco Parpaiola
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.P.); (A.B.); (G.G.); (B.F.)
| | - Andrea Battaggia
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.P.); (A.B.); (G.G.); (B.F.)
| | - Giulia Galligioni
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.P.); (A.B.); (G.G.); (B.F.)
| | - Beatrice Ferrazzi
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.P.); (A.B.); (G.G.); (B.F.)
| | | | - Davide Gibellini
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Angelo Peretti
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Martina Brutti
- Unit of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Stefano Tardivo
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | | | - Giuseppe Verlato
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Stefania Gaino
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.G.); (A.B.); (G.L.)
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Denise Peserico
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Antonella Bassi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.G.); (A.B.); (G.L.)
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Hospital of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.G.); (A.B.); (G.L.)
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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