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Wang L, Lu Y, Cai G, Chen H, Li G, Liu L, Sun L, Guan Z, Sun W, Zhao C, Wang H. Polycystin-2 mediates mechanical tension-induced osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells by activating transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif. Front Physiol 2022; 13:917510. [PMID: 36091380 PMCID: PMC9450996 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.917510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) have multi-directional differentiation potential including osteogenic differentiation. Mechanical stimulation is thought to be a key regulator of bone remodeling and has been proved to promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, the mechanism how mechanical tension-induced osteogenesis of hASCs still remains poor understood. Polycystin-2 (PC2), a member of the transient receptor potential polycystic (TRPP) family, is involved in cilia-mediated mechanical transduction. To understand the role of PC2 in osteogenic differentiation under mechanical stimuli in hASCs, PKD2 gene was stably silenced by using lentivirus-mediated shRNA technology. The results showed that mechanical tension sufficiently enhanced osteogenic differentiation but hardly affected proliferation of hASCs. Silencing PKD2 gene caused hASCs to lose the ability of sensing mechanical stimuli and subsequently promoting osteogenesis. PC2 knock-out also reduced the cilia population frequency and cilia length in hASCs. TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif, also known as Wwtr1) could mediate the genes regulation and biological functions of mechanotransduction signal pathway. Here, mechanical tension also enhanced TAZ nuclear translocation of hASCs. PC2 knock-out blocked tension-induced upregulation of nuclear TAZ and suppress tension-induced osteogenesis. TAZ could directly interact with Runx2, and inhibiting TAZ could suppress tension-induced upregulation of Runx2 expression. In summary, our findings demonstrated that PC2 mediate mechanical tension-induced osteogenic differentiation of hASCs by activating TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yahui Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanhui Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gen Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luwei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lian Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaolan Guan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Wang, ; Chunyang Zhao,
| | - Hua Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Wang, ; Chunyang Zhao,
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Ntege EH, Sunami H, Shimizu Y. Advances in regenerative therapy: A review of the literature and future directions. Regen Ther 2020; 14:136-153. [PMID: 32110683 PMCID: PMC7033303 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is enormous global anticipation for stem cell-based therapies that are safe and effective. Numerous pre-clinical studies present encouraging results on the therapeutic potential of different cell types including tissue derived stem cells. Emerging evidences in different fields of research suggest several cell types are safe, whereas their therapeutic application and effectiveness remain challenged. Multiple factors that influence treatment outcomes are proposed including immunocompatibility and potency, owing to variations in tissue origin, ex-vivo methodologies for preparation and handling of the cells. This communication gives an overview of literature data on the different types of cells that are potentially promising for regenerative therapy. As a case in point, the recent trends in research and development of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cell therapy are considered in detail. MSCs can be isolated from a variety of tissues and organs in the human body including bone marrow, adipose, synovium, and perinatal tissues. However, MSC products from the different tissue sources exhibit unique or varied levels of regenerative abilities. The review finally focuses on adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ASCs), with the unique properties such as easier accessibility and abundance, excellent proliferation and differentiation capacities, low immunogenicity, immunomodulatory and many other trophic properties. The suitability and application of the ASCs, and strategies to improve the innate regenerative capacities of stem cells in general are highlighted among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H. Ntege
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sunami
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimizu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
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Simonacci F, Bertozzi N, Grieco MP, Grignaffini E, Raposio E. Procedure, applications, and outcomes of autologous fat grafting. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 20:49-60. [PMID: 28702187 PMCID: PMC5491488 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the procedure, applications, and outcomes of autologous fat grafting, a promising technique with various clinical applications. PATIENTS AND METHODS Literature review of publications concerning autologous fat grafting. RESULTS Since its introduction, lipofilling has become increasingly popular; however, its results are variable and unpredictable. Several modifications have been made to the procedures of fat harvesting, processing, and injecting. Surgical excision and low negative-pressure aspiration with large-bore cannulas minimize adipocyte damage during fat harvesting. The "wet" method of fat harvesting involves fluid injection at the donor site and facilitates lipoaspiration while minimizing pain and ecchymosis. For fat processing, centrifugation at a low speed is preferable to high-speed centrifugation, gravity separation or filtration. Fat injection at the recipient site should be performed using small-gauge cannulas in a fanning out pattern over multiple sessions, rather than a single session. Fat grafts exhibit not only dermal filler properties but also regenerative potential owing to the presence of stem cells in fat tissue. Thus, the clinical applications of autologous fat grafting include correction of secondary contour defects after breast reconstruction, release of painful scar contractures, and treatment of burn scars and radiodermatitis. Lipofilling is also used in aesthetic surgery, such as facial and hand rejuvenation, augmentation rhinoplasty, and breast and gluteal augmentation. The complications of lipofilling are minimal and include bruising, swelling, pain, infection, necrosis, and calcification. CONCLUSIONS Lipofilling is a low-risk procedure that can be used to correct soft-tissue defects in the face, trunk, and extremities, with minimal discomfort for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Simonacci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Cutaneous, Mininvasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicolò Bertozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Cutaneous, Mininvasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Pio Grieco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Cutaneous, Mininvasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Eugenio Grignaffini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Cutaneous, Mininvasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Edoardo Raposio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Cutaneous, Mininvasive, Regenerative and Plastic Surgery Unit, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
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