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Yazdan M, Naghib SM, Mozafari MR. Liposomal Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Breast Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Progresses. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:896-915. [PMID: 38529608 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206293653240322041047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly prevalent disease on a global scale, with a 30% incidence rate among women and a 14% mortality rate. Developing countries bear a disproportionate share of the disease burden, while countries with greater technological advancements exhibit a higher incidence. A mere 7% of women under the age of 40 are diagnosed with breast cancer, and the prevalence of this ailment is significantly diminished among those aged 35 and younger. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical intervention comprise the treatment protocol. However, the ongoing quest for a definitive cure for breast cancer continues. The propensity for cancer stem cells to metastasize and resistance to treatment constitute their Achilles' heel. The advancement of drug delivery techniques that target cancer cells specifically holds significant promise in terms of facilitating timely detection and effective intervention. Novel approaches to pharmaceutical delivery, including nanostructures and liposomes, may bring about substantial changes in the way breast cancer is managed. These systems offer a multitude of advantages, such as heightened bioavailability, enhanced solubility, targeted tumor destruction, and diminished adverse effects. The application of nano-drug delivery systems to administer anti-breast cancer medications is a significant subject of research. This article delves into the domain of breast cancer, conventional treatment methods, the incorporation of nanotechnology into managerial tactics, and strategic approaches aimed at tackling the disease at its core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Yazdan
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, 1684613114, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Naghib
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, 1684613114, Iran
| | - M R Mozafari
- Australasian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative (ANNI), Monash University LPO, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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2
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Sharma P, Joshi RV, Pritchard R, Xu K, Eicher MA. Therapeutic Antibodies in Medicine. Molecules 2023; 28:6438. [PMID: 37764213 PMCID: PMC10535987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody engineering has developed into a wide-reaching field, impacting a multitude of industries, most notably healthcare and diagnostics. The seminal work on developing the first monoclonal antibody four decades ago has witnessed exponential growth in the last 10-15 years, where regulators have approved monoclonal antibodies as therapeutics and for several diagnostic applications, including the remarkable attention it garnered during the pandemic. In recent years, antibodies have become the fastest-growing class of biological drugs approved for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, from cancer to autoimmune conditions. This review discusses the field of therapeutic antibodies as it stands today. It summarizes and outlines the clinical relevance and application of therapeutic antibodies in treating a landscape of diseases in different disciplines of medicine. It discusses the nomenclature, various approaches to antibody therapies, and the evolution of antibody therapeutics. It also discusses the risk profile and adverse immune reactions associated with the antibodies and sheds light on future applications and perspectives in antibody drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Sharma
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509, USA
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3
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Design, Fabrication and Evaluation of Stabilized Polymeric mixed micelles for Effective Management in Cancer Therapy. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2761-2780. [PMID: 36171346 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer is one of the most common and fatal disease, chemotherapy is the major treatment against many cancer types. The anti-apoptotic BCL-2 protein's expression was increased in many cancer types and Venetoclax (VLX; BCL-2 inhibitor) is a small molecule, which selectively inhibits this specified protein. In order to increase the clinical performance of this promising inhibitor as a repurposed drug, polymeric mixed micelles formulations approach was explored. METHODS The Venetoclax loaded polymeric mixed micelles (VPMM) were prepared by using Pluronic® F-127 and alpha tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) as excipients by thin film hydration method and characteristics. The percentage drug loading capacity, entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release studies were performed using HPLC method. The cytotoxicity assay, cell uptake and anticancer activities were evaluated in two different cancer cells i.e. MCF-7 (breast cancer) and A-549 (lung cancer). RESULTS Particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of the VPMM was found to be 72.88 ± 0.09 nm, 0.078 ± 0.009 and -4.29 ± 0.24 mV, respectively. The entrapment efficiency and %drug loading were found to be 80.12 ± 0.23% and 2.13% ± 0.14%, respectively. The IC50 of VLX was found to be 4.78, 1.30, 0.94 µg/ml at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively in MCF-7 cells and 1.24, 0.68, and 0.314 µg/ml at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively in A549 cells. Whereas, IC50 of VPMM was found to be 0.42, 0.29, 0.09 µg/ml at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively in MCF-7 cells and 0.85, 0.13, 0.008 µg/ml at 24, 48 and 72 h in A549 cells, respectively, indicating VPMM showing better anti-cancer activity compared to VLX. The VPMM showed better cytotoxicity which was further proven by other assays and explained the anti-cancer activity is shown through the generation of ROS, nuclear damage,apoptotic cell death and expression of caspase-3,7, and 9 activities in apoptotic cells. CONCLUSION The current investigation revealed that the Venetoclax loaded polymeric mixed micelles (VPMM) revealed the enhanced therapeutic efficacy against breast and lung cancer in vitro models.
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Juan A, Cimas FJ, Bravo I, Pandiella A, Ocaña A, Alonso-Moreno C. Antibody Conjugation of Nanoparticles as Therapeutics for Breast Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6018. [PMID: 32825618 PMCID: PMC7504566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common invasive tumor in women and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Nanomedicine raises high expectations for millions of patients as it can provide better, more efficient, and affordable healthcare, and it has the potential to develop novel therapeutics for the treatment of solid tumors. In this regard, targeted therapies can be encapsulated into nanocarriers, and these nanovehicles are guided to the tumors through conjugation with antibodies-the so-called antibody-conjugated nanoparticles (ACNPs). ACNPs can preserve the chemical structure of drugs, deliver them in a controlled manner, and reduce toxicity. As certain breast cancer subtypes and indications have limited therapeutic options, this field provides hope for the future treatment of patients with difficult to treat breast cancers. In this review, we discuss the application of ACNPs for the treatment of this disease. Given the fact that ACNPs have shown clinical activity in this clinical setting, special emphasis on the role of the nanovehicles and their translation to the clinic is placed on the revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Juan
- Oncología Traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.); (F.J.C.)
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Cimas
- Oncología Traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.); (F.J.C.)
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad Oncología Traslacional, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Iván Bravo
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-CSIC, IBSAL- Salamanca and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- Oncología Traslacional, Unidad de Investigación del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.J.); (F.J.C.)
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Hospital clínico San Carlos, IdISSC and CIBERONC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Moreno
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad NanoCRIB, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
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5
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He XH, Zhu W, Yuan P, Jiang S, Li D, Zhang HW, Liu MF. miR-155 downregulates ErbB2 and suppresses ErbB2-induced malignant transformation of breast epithelial cells. Oncogene 2016; 35:6015-6025. [PMID: 27065318 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ErbB2 is a vital breast cancer gene and its overexpression has a decisive role in breast tumor initiation and malignant progression. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie ErbB2 dysregulation in breast cancer cells remain incompletely understood. In this study, we found that ErbB2 expression is inversely correlated with the level of miR-155, a well-documented oncogenic miRNA, in ErbB2-positive breast tumors. We further determined that miR-155 potently suppresses ErbB2 in breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, miR-155 acts to downregulate ErbB2 via two distinct mechanisms. First, miR-155 represses ErbB2 transcription by targeting HDAC2, a transcriptional activator of ErbB2. Second, miR-155 directly targets ErbB2 via a regulatory element in its coding region. Intriguingly, miR-155 is upregulated by trastuzumab and in turn leads to a reduction of ErbB2 expression in trastuzumab-treated ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells. Functional studies showed that miR-155 inhibits ErbB2-induced malignant transformation of human breast epithelial cells. Thus, our findings reveal an intriguing miR-155-ErbB2 context in regulating the malignant transformation of breast epithelial cells, and thereby indicate a novel mode of action for miR-155 in ErbB2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-H He
- Center for RNA Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - W Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - P Yuan
- Center for RNA Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - S Jiang
- Center for RNA Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - D Li
- Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - H-W Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - M-F Liu
- Center for RNA Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Fast antibody fragment motion: flexible linkers act as entropic spring. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22148. [PMID: 27020739 PMCID: PMC4810366 DOI: 10.1038/srep22148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A flexible linker region between three fragments allows antibodies to adjust their binding sites to an antigen or receptor. Using Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy we observed fragment motion on a timescale of 7 ns with motional amplitudes of about 1 nm relative to each other. The mechanistic complexity of the linker region can be described by a spring model with Brownian motion of the fragments in a harmonic potential. Displacements, timescale, friction and force constant of the underlying dynamics are accessed. The force constant exhibits a similar strength to an entropic spring, with friction of the fragment matching the unbound state. The observed fast motions are fluctuations in pre-existing equilibrium configurations. The Brownian motion of domains in a harmonic potential is the appropriate model to examine functional hinge motions dependent on the structural topology and highlights the role of internal forces and friction to function.
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7
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Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are an old immunological tool with applications in the fields of immunology, biotechnology, biochemistry, and applied biology. Production of monoclonal antibodies using hybridoma technology was discovered in 1975 by Georges Kohler of West Germany and Cesar Milstein of Argentina. Modern-day research on MAbs from laboratories worldwide is revealing additional applications in diverse branches of sciences. Recently, MAbs have been widely applied in the field of clinical medicine. Currently, MAbs account for one-third of all the new therapeutic treatments for breast cancer, leukemia, arthritis, transplant rejection, asthma, and psoriasis, with many more late-stage clinical trials being conducted. In this review, we outline the (i) production of MAbs, (ii) application of MAbs, (iii) antibody engineering, and (iv) pharmaceutical application of MAbs. The future prospect of this review lies in the applicability of monoclonal antibodies as a molecule for understanding and monitoring the biology of disease and its role in research, clinical, diagnostic, analytical, and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waliza Ansar
- Asutosh College, Post Graduate Department, Kolkata
| | - Shyamasree Ghosh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science, Education and Research, Institute of Physics Campus, Bhubaneswar - 751 005, India
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8
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Cao Y, Marks JW, Liu Z, Cheung LH, Hittelman WN, Rosenblum MG. Design optimization and characterization of Her2/neu-targeted immunotoxins: comparative in vitro and in vivo efficacy studies. Oncogene 2013; 33:429-39. [PMID: 23376850 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapeutics are potential therapeutic agents because of their selectivity and efficacy against tumors resistant to conventional therapy. The goal of this study was to determine the comparative activity of monovalent, engineered anti-Her2/neu immunotoxins fused to recombinant gelonin (rGel) to the activity of bivalent IgG-containing immunoconjugates. Utilizing Herceptin and its derived humanized single-chain antibody (single-chain fragment variable, designated 4D5), we generated bivalent chemical Herceptin/rGel conjugate, and the corresponding monovalent recombinant immunotoxins in two orientations, 4D5/rGel and rGel/4D5. All the constructs showed similar affinity to Her2/neu-overexpressing cancer cells, but significantly different antitumor activities. The rGel/4D5 orientation construct and Herceptin/rGel conjugate were superior to 4D5/rGel construct in in vitro and in vivo efficacy. The enhanced activity was attributed to improved intracellular toxin uptake into target cells and efficient downregulation of Her2/neu-related signaling pathways. The Her2/neu-targeted immunotoxins effectively targeted cells with Her2/neu expression level >1.5 × 10(5) sites per cell. Cells resistant to Herceptin or chemotherapeutic agents were not cross-resistant to rGel-based immunotoxins. Against SK-OV-3 tumor xenografts, the rGel/4D5 construct with excellent tumor penetration showed impressive tumor inhibition. Although Herceptin/rGel conjugate demonstrated comparatively longer serum half-life, the in vivo efficacy of the conjugate was similar to the rGel/4D5 fusion. These comparative studies demonstrate that the monovalent, engineered rGel/4D5 construct displayed comparable in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy as bivalent Herceptin/rGel conjugate. Immunotoxin orientation can significantly impact the overall functionality and performance of these agents. The recombinant rGel/4D5 construct with excellent tumor penetration and rapid blood clearance may reduce the unwanted toxicity when administrating to patients, and warrants consideration for further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cao
- Immunopharmacology and Targeted Therapy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J W Marks
- Immunopharmacology and Targeted Therapy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Z Liu
- Immunopharmacology and Targeted Therapy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L H Cheung
- Immunopharmacology and Targeted Therapy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W N Hittelman
- Immunopharmacology and Targeted Therapy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M G Rosenblum
- Immunopharmacology and Targeted Therapy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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9
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Saraswat P, Soni RR, Bhandari A, Nagori BP. DNA as therapeutics; an update. Indian J Pharm Sci 2009; 71:488-98. [PMID: 20502565 PMCID: PMC2866338 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.58169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gene therapy is the introduction of new genetic material into the cells of an individual with the intention of producing a therapeutic benefit for the patient. Deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid are used in gene therapy. Over time and with proper oversight, human gene therapy might become an effective weapon in modern medicine's arsenal to help fight diseases such as cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, diabetes, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia and other genetic disorders. Gene therapy trials in humans are of two types, somatic and germ line gene therapy. There are many ethical, social, and commercial issues raised by the prospects of treating patients whose consent is impossible to obtain. This review summarizes deoxyribonucleic acid-based therapeutics and gene transfer technologies for the diseases that are known to be genetic in origin. Deoxyribonucleic acid-based therapeutics includes plasmids, oligonucleotides for antisense and antigene applications, deoxyribonucleic acid aptamers and deoxyribonucleic acidzymes. This review also includes current status of gene therapy and recent developments in gene therapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Saraswat
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, RIICO Institutional Area, Sitapura, Jaipur-302 022, India
| | - R. R. Soni
- Jaipur Fertility and Microsurgery Research Center, Bani Park, Jaipur-302 016, India
| | - A. Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacy, Jodhpur National University, Narnadi, Jhanwar Road, Jodhpur-342 001, India
| | - B. P. Nagori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. M. College of Science and Technology, Shastri Nagar, Jodhpur-342 003, India
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10
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In vivo single molecular imaging and sentinel node navigation by nanotechnology for molecular targeting drug-delivery systems and tailor-made medicine. Breast Cancer 2008; 15:145-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s12282-008-0037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Antipina MN, Dobner B, Konovalov OV, Shapovalov VL, Brezesinski G. Investigation of the Protonation State of Novel Cationic Lipids Designed for Gene Transfection. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:13845-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0755591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria N. Antipina
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle/S., Germany, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP-220, E-38043, Grenoble, France, and N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS, ul. Kosygina 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Bodo Dobner
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle/S., Germany, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP-220, E-38043, Grenoble, France, and N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS, ul. Kosygina 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Konovalov
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle/S., Germany, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP-220, E-38043, Grenoble, France, and N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS, ul. Kosygina 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir L. Shapovalov
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle/S., Germany, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP-220, E-38043, Grenoble, France, and N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS, ul. Kosygina 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gerald Brezesinski
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, D-06120 Halle/S., Germany, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP-220, E-38043, Grenoble, France, and N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS, ul. Kosygina 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Tada H, Higuchi H, Wanatabe TM, Ohuchi N. In vivo real-time tracking of single quantum dots conjugated with monoclonal anti-HER2 antibody in tumors of mice. Cancer Res 2007; 67:1138-44. [PMID: 17283148 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies with tracking of single nanoparticles are providing new insights into the interactions and processes involved in the transport of drug carriers in living mice. Here, we report the tracking of a single particle quantum dot (Qdot) conjugated with tumor-targeting antibody in tumors of living mice using a dorsal skinfold chamber and a high-speed confocal microscope with a high-sensitivity camera. Qdot labeled with the monoclonal anti-HER2 antibody was injected into mice with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer to analyze the molecular processes of its mechanistic delivery to the tumor. Movement of single complexes of the Qdot-antibody could be clearly observed at 30 frames/s inside the tumor through a dorsal skinfold chamber. We successfully identified six processes of delivery: initially in the circulation within a blood vessel, during extravasation, in the extracelullar region, binding to HER2 on the cell membrane, moving from the cell membrane to the perinuclear region, and in the perinuclear region. The six processes were quantitatively analyzed to understand the rate-limiting constraints on Qdot-antibody delivery. The movement of the complexes at each stage was "stop-and-go." The image analysis of the delivery processes of single particles in vivo provides valuable information on antibody-conjugated therapeutic nanoparticles, which will be useful in increasing therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tada
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering Research Organization, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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13
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Patil SD, Rhodes DG, Burgess DJ. DNA-based therapeutics and DNA delivery systems: a comprehensive review. AAPS J 2005; 7:E61-77. [PMID: 16146351 PMCID: PMC2751499 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj070109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2004] [Accepted: 04/08/2004] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The past several years have witnessed the evolution of gene medicine from an experimental technology into a viable strategy for developing therapeutics for a wide range of human disorders. Numerous prototype DNA-based biopharmaceuticals can now control disease progression by induction and/or inhibition of genes. These potent therapeutics include plasmids containing transgenes, oligonucleotides, aptamers, ribozymes, DNAzymes, and small interfering RNAs. Although only 2 DNA-based pharmaceuticals (an antisense oligonucleotide formulation, Vitravene, (USA, 1998), and an adenoviral gene therapy treatment, Gendicine (China, 2003), have received approval from regulatory agencies; numerous candidates are in advanced stages of human clinical trials. Selection of drugs on the basis of DNA sequence and structure has a reduced potential for toxicity, should result in fewer side effects, and therefore should eventually yield safer drugs than those currently available. These predictions are based on the high selectivity and specificity of such molecules for recognition of their molecular targets. However, poor cellular uptake and rapid in vivo degradation of DNA-based therapeutics necessitate the use of delivery systems to facilitate cellular internalization and preserve their activity. This review discusses the basis of structural design, mode of action, and applications of DNA-based therapeutics. The mechanisms of cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of DNA-based therapeutics are examined, and the constraints these transport processes impose on the choice of delivery systems are summarized. Finally, the development of some of the most promising currently available DNA delivery platforms is discussed, and the merits and drawbacks of each approach are evaluated.
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MESH Headings
- Antisense Elements (Genetics)/administration & dosage
- Antisense Elements (Genetics)/pharmacokinetics
- Antisense Elements (Genetics)/therapeutic use
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/administration & dosage
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/pharmacokinetics
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/therapeutic use
- Biological Transport
- DNA/administration & dosage
- DNA/genetics
- DNA/pharmacokinetics
- DNA/therapeutic use
- DNA, Catalytic/administration & dosage
- DNA, Catalytic/pharmacokinetics
- DNA, Catalytic/therapeutic use
- DNA, Recombinant/administration & dosage
- DNA, Recombinant/genetics
- DNA, Recombinant/pharmacokinetics
- DNA, Recombinant/therapeutic use
- Dosage Forms
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Drug Design
- Genes, Transgenic, Suicide
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Genetic Vectors/pharmacokinetics
- Genetic Vectors/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Liposomes/administration & dosage
- Liposomes/classification
- Plasmids/administration & dosage
- Plasmids/genetics
- Plasmids/therapeutic use
- RNA, Catalytic/administration & dosage
- RNA, Catalytic/pharmacokinetics
- RNA, Catalytic/therapeutic use
- RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacokinetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/therapeutic use
- Transgenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhesh D. Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 06269 Storrs, CT
| | - David G. Rhodes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 06269 Storrs, CT
| | - Diane J. Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 06269 Storrs, CT
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14
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Neve RM, Nielsen UB, Kirpotin DB, Poul MA, Marks JD, Benz CC. Biological effects of anti-ErbB2 single chain antibodies selected for internalizing function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 280:274-9. [PMID: 11162510 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.4104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two internalizing monovalent single chain antibody fragments (scFv), C6.5 and F5, that recognize distinct ErbB2 extracellular domain (ECD) epitopes, and their bivalent forms dbC6.5 and F5(scFv')(2), were compared to the growth-inhibiting anti-ErbB2 antibody Herceptin/trastuzumab, in either its bivalent (Her) or monovalent (4D5Fab') form, for their abilities to induce biological responses in the ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells, SkBr-3. Assays compared internalization by receptor-mediated endocytosis, effects on cell cycling and culture growth, and interference with intracellular MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways. We found no correlation between ErbB2 epitope affinity or valency on degree of antibody-induced endocytosis, since all the scFv were able to internalize better than Her. Unlike Her, neither the monovalent or bivalent forms of the internalizing scFv had any sustained effect on cell growth. Basal levels of MAPK and PI3K signaling in SkBr-3 cells were not inhibited by up to 8 h scFv treatment, while decreased MAPK and PI3K signals were noted within 8 h of Her treatment. In summary, antibody-induced ErbB2-mediated endocytosis is not a surrogate marker for resultant biological response, as it shows no correlation with cell cycle, culture proliferation, or intracellular kinase signal induction by internalizing antibodies. Thus, the enhanced endocytotic property of scFv like C6.6 and F5 in conjunction with their absence of any growth or signaling impact on ErbB2-overexpressing cells favors their choice as ErbB2 targeting moieties for intracellular delivery of novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Neve
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Scott GK, Chang CH, Erny KM, Xu F, Fredericks WJ, Rauscher FJ, Thor AD, Benz CC. Ets regulation of the erbB2 promoter. Oncogene 2000; 19:6490-502. [PMID: 11175365 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating the chromatinized erbB2 gene in nuclei from breast cancer cells expressing varying levels of ErbB2 transcripts, we identified a nuclease-sensitive site within a 0.22 kb region of maximum enhancer activity centered over a conserved 28 bp polypurine(GGA)-polypyrimidine(TCC) mirror-repeat and an adjacent essential Ets binding site (EBS). Promoter footprinting with nuclear extracts reveals an intense Ets hypersensitivity site at the EBS whose degree of intensity correlates with the level of cellular ErbB2 expression. In vitro mapping assays show that the supercoiled erbB2 promoter forms an internal triplex structure (Hr-DNA) at the mirror-repeat element. Mutations preventing Hr-DNA formation can enhance erbB2 promoter activity in human breast cancer cells, a result consistent with previous demonstration that Ets-erbB2 promoter complexes cannot form when the mirror-repeat is engaged in triplex binding, and new results suggesting that Ets binding induces severe promoter bending that may restrict local triplex formation. In addition to previously described erbB2-regulating breast cancer Ets factors (PEA3, ESX/Elf-3), Elf-1 is now shown to be another endogenously expressed Ets candidate capable of binding to and upregulating the erbB2 promoter. Given current strategies to transcriptionally inhibit ErbB2 overexpression, including development of novel erbB2 promoter-targeted therapeutics, an EBS-targeted approach is presented using chimeric Ets proteins that strongly repress erbB2 promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Scott
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, CA 94143, USA
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