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Kong L, Wen Z, Cai Q, Lin Y, Chen Y, Cao W, Li M, Qian L, Chen J, Guo Y, Wang H. Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted MRI and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Bladder Cancer: A Complementary Tool to the VI-RADS. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:564-571. [PMID: 37821347 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the feasibility of amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) and diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as a means by which to add value to the Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) for discriminating muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) from nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study enrolled participants with pathologically confirmed bladder cancer (BCa) who underwent preoperative multiparametric MRI, including APTw and diffusion-weighted MRI, from July 2020 to January 2023. The exclusion criteria were lesions smaller than 10 mm, missing smooth muscle layer in the operation specimen, neoadjuvant therapy before MRI, inadequate image quality, and malignancy other than urothelial neoplasm. Two radiologists independently assigned the VI-RADS score for each participant. Quantitative parameters derived from APTw and diffusion-weighted MRI were obtained by another two radiologists. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performances of quantitative parameters for discriminating BCa detrusor muscle invasion status. RESULTS A total of 106 participants were enrolled (mean age, 64 ± 12 years [SD]; 90 men): 32 with MIBC and 74 with NMIBC. Lower apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values (0.88 × 10-3 mm2/s ± 0.12 vs. 1.08 × 10-3 mm2/s ± 0.25; P < 0.001) and higher APTw values (6.89% [interquartile range {IQR}, 5.05%-12.17%] vs. 3.61% [IQR, 2.23%-6.83%]; P < 0.001) were observed in the MIBC group. Compared to VI-RADS alone, both APTw (P = 0.003) and ADC (P = 0.020) values could improve the diagnostic performance of VI-RADS in differentiating MIBC from NMIBC. The combination of the three yielded the highest diagnostic performance (AUC, 0.93; 95% CI:0.87,0.97) for evaluating muscle invasion status. The addition of the APTw values to the combination of VI-RADS and ADC values notably improved the diagnostic performance for differentiating NMIBC from MIBC (VI-RADS+ADC vs. VI-RADS+APTw+ADC, P = 0.046). CONCLUSION MRI parameters derived from APTw and diffusion-weighted MRI can be used to accurately assess muscle invasion status in BCa and provide additional value to VI-RADS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Kong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China (L.K., Z.W., Q.C., Y.L., Y.C., W.C., M.L., Y.G., H.W.)
| | - Zhihua Wen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China (L.K., Z.W., Q.C., Y.L., Y.C., W.C., M.L., Y.G., H.W.)
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China (L.K., Z.W., Q.C., Y.L., Y.C., W.C., M.L., Y.G., H.W.)
| | - Yingyu Lin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China (L.K., Z.W., Q.C., Y.L., Y.C., W.C., M.L., Y.G., H.W.)
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China (L.K., Z.W., Q.C., Y.L., Y.C., W.C., M.L., Y.G., H.W.)
| | - Wenxin Cao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China (L.K., Z.W., Q.C., Y.L., Y.C., W.C., M.L., Y.G., H.W.)
| | - Meiqin Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China (L.K., Z.W., Q.C., Y.L., Y.C., W.C., M.L., Y.G., H.W.)
| | - Long Qian
- MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China (L.Q.)
| | - Junxing Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China (J.C.)
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China (L.K., Z.W., Q.C., Y.L., Y.C., W.C., M.L., Y.G., H.W.)
| | - Huanjun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China (L.K., Z.W., Q.C., Y.L., Y.C., W.C., M.L., Y.G., H.W.).
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Rysankova K, Hanzlikova P, Zidlik V, Vrtkova A, Slisarenko M, Skarda J, Grepl M, Krhut J. Is high accuracy of Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) sufficient for its implementation in the urological practice? Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2023; 167:85-90. [PMID: 36628563 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2022.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Currently, the only method used to differentiate between MIBC and NMIBC is transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT). Magnetic resonance and Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) would allow for discrimination between NMIBC and MIBC. We evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of VI-RADS in the diagnosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer and discuss its value in everyday urological practice. METHODS 64 patients with bladder cancer (BC) were enrolled into this prospective study. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) was performed before transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT) and evaluated using the VI-RADS score. Score were compared to histopathology results. We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of this system using both cut-off VI-RADS ≥ 3 and ≥ 4. RESULTS Sensitivity of 92.3% (95%CI: 64.0; 99.8), specificity of 81.4% (95%CI: 69.1; 90.3), positive predictive value of 52.2% (95%CI: 30.6; 73.2) and negative predictive value of 98.0% (95%CI: 89.1; 99.9) was determined using cut off VI-RADS ≥ 3, while sensitivity of 76.9% (95%CI: 46.2; 95.0), specificity of 91.5% (95%CI: 81.3; 97.2), positive predictive value of 66.7% (95%CI: 38.4; 88.2), and negative predictive value of 94.7% (95%CI: 85.4; 98.9) was determined using cut-off VI-RADS ≥ 4. Based on our results, we consider the optimal cut-off point to be VI-RADS ≥ 3 with the overall prediction accuracy of 83.3% (95%CI: 72.7; 91.1). CONCLUSIONS We acknowledge that mpMRI provides valuable information with regard to BC staging, however, despite its high overall accuracy, we do not consider the VI-RADS could replace TURBT in discrimination between non-muscle invasive and MIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Rysankova
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgical Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Hanzlikova
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Imaging Methods, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Zidlik
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Adela Vrtkova
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Deputy Director for Science and Research, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Maryna Slisarenko
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilzen, Charles University, Pilzen, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Skarda
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Grepl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgical Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krhut
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgical Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Gupta P, Sarangi SS, Singh M, Pandey H, Choudhary GR, Madduri VKS, Bhirud DP, Sandhu AS, Jena R. To determine correlation between VIRADS scoring and pathological staging in bladder cancer: A prospective study and review of literature. Urologia 2023:3915603231151738. [PMID: 36847430 DOI: 10.1177/03915603231151738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of standardized reporting systems is of paramount importance in medical-imaging. Based on the "RADS" methodology, PIRADS and BI-RADS have been successfully used. The management of bladder cancer (BC) depends on the stage at the time of identification. Accurate assessment of the muscle-invasive stage can alter therapies that are radically different. MRI can accurately diagnose this in a standardized manner (Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System: VIRADS) and spare additional procedures. The aim of the study is to determine diagnostic accuracy of VIRADS scoring in evaluation of muscle invasiveness in patients with BC. This study was conducted in a single center over a period of 2 years from April 2020. A total of 76 patients with bladder SOL/diagnosed BC were included. Final VIRADS scoring was calculated and compared with histopathological report.76 patients were evaluated which included 64 males and 12 females. Most of the cases came under the VIRADS-II category (23, 30.26%) followed by VIRADS-V (17, 22.36%). VIRADS-I was reported in 14 cases (18.42%). A total of 8 cases (10.52 %) were reported as VIRADS III and 14 cases (18.42%) as VIRADS IV. VIRADS-III was taken as cut off and found to have a sensitivity of 94.44%, a specificity of 87.50%, a positive predictive value of 87.17% and a negative predictive value of 94.59%. Though number of cases are still less to accurately predict test characteristics of VIRADS, our results are consistent with previously done retrospective studies and VIRADS has got good correlation with pathological staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Gupta
- Department of Urology, Aadhar Health Institute, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Shakti Swarup Sarangi
- Department of Urology All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mahendra Singh
- Department of Urology All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Himanshu Pandey
- Department of Urooncology, MPMMC-TMH, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gautam Ram Choudhary
- Department of Urology All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Deepak Prakash Bhirud
- Department of Urology All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Arjun Singh Sandhu
- Department of Urology All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rahul Jena
- Department of Urology All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Noh TI, Shim JS, Kang SG, Sung DJ, Cheon J, Sim KC, Kang SH. Comparison between biparametric and multiparametric MRI in predicting muscle invasion by bladder cancer based on the VI-RADS. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20689. [PMID: 36450813 PMCID: PMC9712519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the diagnostic validity of biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) with that of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) based on the Vesicle Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) in predicting muscle invasion by bladder cancer (BCa). We retrospectively examined 357 patients with an initial diagnosis of BCa who underwent preoperative MRI; 257 and 100 patients underwent mpMRI and bpMRI, respectively. Two urogenital radiologists evaluated all bpMRI and mpMRI scans using VI-RADS, and the diagnostic validity of VI-RADS for predicting muscle invasion by BCa was analyzed based on histopathology of the first and/or second transurethral resection of bladder tumors and radical cystectomy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted with the calculation of area under the curves (AUCs), and the level of significance was P < 0.05. Both groups showed optimal performance with a VI-RADS score ≥ 3. BpMRI showed comparable diagnostic performance to mpMRI (reader 1: AUC, 0.903 [0.827-0.954] vs. 0.935 [0.884-0.968], p = 0.510; and reader 2: AUC, 0.901 [0.814-0.945] vs. 0.915 [0.874-0.946]; p = 0.655). The inter-reader agreement between both readers was excellent (Cohen's kappa value = 0.942 and 0.905 for bpMRI and mpMRI, respectively). This comparative study suggests that bpMRI has comparable diagnostic performance to mpMRI and may be an alternative option to predict muscle invasion by BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Il Noh
- Department of Urology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Ji Sung Shim
- Department of Urology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Sung Gu Kang
- Department of Urology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Deuk Jae Sung
- Department of Radiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Cheon
- Department of Urology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Ki Choon Sim
- Department of Radiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Seok Ho Kang
- Department of Urology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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Elshetry ASF, El-fawakry RM, Hamed EM, Metwally MI, Zaid NA. Diagnostic accuracy and discriminative power of biparametric versus multiparametric MRI in predicting muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Eur J Radiol 2022; 151:110282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ye L, Chen Y, Xu H, Xie H, Yao J, Liu J, Song B. Biparametric magnetic resonance imaging assessment for detection of muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:6480-6492. [PMID: 35362750 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate if removing DCE from the Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) influences the diagnostic accuracy of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). We also explored using different reference standards on the MRI diagnostic performance. METHODS We searched the Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed databases to June 26, 2021. Pooled biparametric MRI (bpMRI, T2WI+DWI) and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI, T2WI+DWI+DCE) sensitivities and specificities and the diagnostic performances of these methods for MIBC were compared using different reference standards. RESULTS Seventeen studies with 2344 patients were finally included, of which 7 studies, including 1041 patients, reported the diagnostic performance of bpMRI. VI-RADS showed sensitivities and specificities of 0.91 (95% CI 0.87-0.94) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.77-0.91) at cutoff scores of 3, and 0.85 (95% CI 0.77-0.90) and 0.93 (95% CI 0.89-0.96) at cutoff scores of 4. BpMRI showed sensitivities and specificities of 0.90 (95% CI 0.69-0.97) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.81-0.95), and 0.84 (95% CI 0.78-0.88) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.87-0.99), respectively, for cutoff scores of 3 and 4. The sensitivities of bpMRI vs mpMRI for MIBC were not significantly different, but bpMRI was more specific than mpMRI at cutoff scores of 3 (p = 0.02) and 4 (p = 0.02). The VI-RADS studies using primary transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) as the reference standard had significantly higher sensitivities (p < 0.001) than those using secondary TURBT or radical cystectomy as the reference. DATA CONCLUSION BpMRI and conventional VI-RADS had similar diagnostic efficacies for MIBC. Since MRI overestimated MIBC diagnoses using primary TURBT as the reference standard, we recommend using secondary TURBT as the reference standard. KEY POINTS • Biparametric MRI without DCE had similar diagnostic efficacies for MIBC compared with conventional VI-RADS. • The sensitivity of VI-RADS was overestimated when referring to the primary TURBT results. • Biparametric MRI comprised of T2WI and DWI could be used for detecting MIBC in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuntian Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huimin Xie
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin Yao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Diagnostic accuracy of vesical imaging-reporting and data system (VI-RADS) for the detection of muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a meta-analysis. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:1396-1405. [PMID: 35181798 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) was proposed and considered as a standardized reporting criterion for bladder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). VI-RADS could suggest the likelihood of muscle invasion based on the multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) findings which contain five-point scores. The current study is designed to comprehensively and systematically evaluate the diagnostic performance of VI-RADS (score 3 and 4) for predicting muscle invasion. METHODS The Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed were searched comprehensively from inception to October 2021. RESULTS Finally, 19 studies incorporating 2900 patients were enrolled. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of VI-RADS 3 for predicting muscle invasion were 0.92 (95%CI 0.89-0.94) and 0.82 (95%CI 0.76-0.87), respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of VI-RADS 4 were 0.78 (95%CI 0.72-0.83) and 0.96 (95%CI 0.93-0.97), respectively. And the area under the curve (AUCs) of VI-RADS 3 and 4 were all 0.94 (95%CI 0.92-0.96). No significant publication biases were not observed for VI-RADS 3 (P = 0.74) and 4 (P = 0.57). CONCLUSION The VI-RADS reveals a good diagnostic performance for predicting muscle invasive in bladder cancer, which also has good clinical utilities and applicability. And VI-RADS 3 and 4 as cutoff values provide similar overall diagnostic and could be selectively applied individually. Prospective studies with a large scale are further required to validate the accuracy of the VI-RADS score.
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Del Giudice F, Flammia RS, Pecoraro M, Moschini M, D'Andrea D, Messina E, Pisciotti LM, De Berardinis E, Sciarra A, Panebianco V. The accuracy of Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS): an updated comprehensive multi-institutional, multi-readers systematic review and meta-analysis from diagnostic evidence into future clinical recommendations. World J Urol 2022; 40:1617-1628. [PMID: 35294583 PMCID: PMC9237003 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-022-03969-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine through a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis the cumulative diagnostic performance of vesical imaging-reporting and data system (VIRADS) to predict preoperative muscle-invasiveness among different institutions, readers, and optimal scoring accuracy thresholds. Methods PubMed, Cochrane and Embase were searched from inception up to May 2021. Sensitivity (Sn), Specificity (Sp) were first estimated and subsequently pooled using hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics (HSROC) modeling for both cut-off ≥ 3 and ≥ 4 to predict muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Further sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis and meta-regression were conducted to investigate contribution of moderators to heterogeneity. Results In total, n = 20 studies from 2019 to 2021 with n = 2477 patients by n = 53 genitourinary radiologists met the inclusion criteria. Pooled weighted Sn and Sp were 0.87 (95% CI 0.82–0.91) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.80–0.90) for cut-off ≥ 3 while 0.78 (95% CI 0.74–0.81) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.91–0.96) for cut-off ≥ 4. The area under the HSROC curve was 0.93 (95% CI 0.90–0.95) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.88–0.93) for cut-off ≥ 3 and ≥ 4, respectively. Meta-regression analyses showed no influence of clinical characteristics nor cumulative reader’s experience while study design and radiological characteristics were found to influence the estimated outcome. Conclusion We demonstrated excellent worldwide diagnostic performance of VI-RADS to determine pre-trans urethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) staging. Our findings corroborate wide reliability of VI-RADS accuracy also between different centers with varying experience underling the importance that standardization and reproducibility of VI-RADS may confer to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for preoperative BCa discrimination. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00345-022-03969-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Del Giudice
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy
- Department of Urology, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rocco Simone Flammia
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Martina Pecoraro
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, "Sapienza" University/Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Moschini
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - David D'Andrea
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emanuele Messina
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, "Sapienza" University/Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Martina Pisciotti
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, "Sapienza" University/Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore De Berardinis
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sciarra
- Department of Maternal Infant and Urologic Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Valeria Panebianco
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, "Sapienza" University/Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Proposal for a new Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS)-based algorithm for the management of bladder cancer: A paradigm shift from the current transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT)-dependent practice. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022; 20:e291-e295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value as a Biomarker for Detecting Muscle-Invasive and High-Grade Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Several studies have investigated the potential role of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a biomarker of high-grade and invasive bladder cancer. Methods: PubMed and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched in September 2021 to extract studies that evaluated the associations between ADC values, pathological T stage, and histological grade bladder cancers. The diagnostic performance of ADC values in detecting muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and high-grade disease was systematically reviewed. Results: Six studies were included in this systematic review. MIBC showed significantly lower ADC values than non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in all six studies. The median (range) sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of ADC values to detect MIBC among the four eligible studies were 73.5% (68.8–90.0%), 79.9% (66.7–84.4%), and 0.762 (0.730–0.884), respectively. Similarly, high-grade disease showed significantly lower ADC values than did low-grade disease in all four eligible studies. The median (range) sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of ADC values for detecting high-grade disease among the three eligible studies were 75.0% (73.0–76.5%), 95.8% (76.2–100%), and 0.902 (0.804–0.906), respectively. Conclusions: The ADC value is a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for discriminating muscle-invasive and high-grade bladder cancer.
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Watanabe M, Taguchi S, Machida H, Tambo M, Takeshita Y, Kariyasu T, Fukushima K, Shimizu Y, Okegawa T, Fukuhara H, Yokoyama K. Clinical validity of non-contrast-enhanced VI-RADS: prospective study using 3-T MRI with high-gradient magnetic field. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:7513-7521. [PMID: 35554648 PMCID: PMC9668777 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a modified Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) without dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCEI), termed "non-contrast-enhanced VI-RADS (NCE-VI-RADS)", and to assess the additive impact of denoising deep learning reconstruction (dDLR) on NCE-VI-RADS. METHODS From January 2019 through December 2020, 163 participants who underwent high-gradient 3-T MRI of the bladder were prospectively enrolled. In total, 108 participants with pathologically confirmed bladder cancer by transurethral resection were analyzed. Tumors were evaluated based on VI-RADS (scores 1-5) by two readers independently: an experienced radiologist (reader 1) and a senior radiology resident (reader 2). Conventional VI-RADS assessment included all three imaging types (T2-weighted imaging [T2WI], diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI], and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging [DCEI]). Also evaluated were NCE-VI-RADS comprising only non-contrast-enhanced imaging types (T2WI and DWI), and "NCE-VI-RADS with dDLR" comprising T2WI processed with dDLR and DWI. All systems were assessed using receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis and simple and/or weighted κ statistics. RESULTS Muscle invasion was identified in 23/108 participants (21%). Area under the curve (AUC) values for diagnosing muscle invasion were as follows: conventional VI-RADS, 0.94 and 0.91; NCE-VI-RADS, 0.93 and 0.91; and "NCE-VI-RADS with dDLR", 0.96 and 0.93, for readers 1 and 2, respectively. Simple κ statistics indicated substantial agreement for NCE-VI-RADS and almost perfect agreement for conventional VI-RADS and "NCE-VI-RADS with dDLR" between the two readers. CONCLUSION NCE-VI-RADS achieved predictive accuracy for muscle invasion comparable to that of conventional VI-RADS. Additional use of dDLR improved the diagnostic accuracy of NCE-VI-RADS. KEY POINTS • Non-contrast-enhanced Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (NCE-VI-RADS) was developed to avoid risk related to gadolinium-based contrast agent administration. • NCE-VI-RADS had predictive accuracy for muscle invasion comparable to that of conventional VI-RADS. • The additional use of denoising deep learning reconstruction (dDLR) might further improve the diagnostic accuracy of NCE-VI-RADS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanaka Watanabe
- grid.411205.30000 0000 9340 2869Department of Radiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan
| | - Satoru Taguchi
- grid.411205.30000 0000 9340 2869Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan
| | - Haruhiko Machida
- grid.411205.30000 0000 9340 2869Department of Radiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan ,grid.413376.40000 0004 1761 1035Department of Radiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa, Tokyo, 116-8567 Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Tambo
- grid.411205.30000 0000 9340 2869Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan
| | - Yuhei Takeshita
- grid.411205.30000 0000 9340 2869Department of Radiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan
| | - Toshiya Kariyasu
- grid.411205.30000 0000 9340 2869Department of Radiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan ,grid.413376.40000 0004 1761 1035Department of Radiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa, Tokyo, 116-8567 Japan
| | - Keita Fukushima
- grid.411205.30000 0000 9340 2869Department of Radiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan
| | - Yuta Shimizu
- grid.411205.30000 0000 9340 2869Department of Radiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan
| | - Takatsugu Okegawa
- grid.411205.30000 0000 9340 2869Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuhara
- grid.411205.30000 0000 9340 2869Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan
| | - Kenichi Yokoyama
- grid.411205.30000 0000 9340 2869Department of Radiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan
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Jazayeri SB, Dehghanbanadaki H, Hosseini M, Taghipour P, Alam MU, Balaji KC, Bandyk M. Diagnostic accuracy of vesical imaging-reporting and data system (VI-RADS) in suspected muscle invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis. Urol Oncol 2021; 40:45-55. [PMID: 34895996 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the accuracy of Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) in detection of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE were searched up to 8 March 2021 for the studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of VI-RADS for the detection of MIBC. Inclusion criteria were patients with bladder cancer; index test of VI-RADS based on multiparametric MRI; reference test of histopathological findings from TURBT, re-TURBT, or cystectomy and study design of cohort. Case reports, review articles, and editorials were eliminated, as well as studies with insufficient knowledge to acquire TP, FP, FN, and TN values of VI-RADS. The MIDAS module of STATA was for statistical analysis. The heterogeneity was explored using subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis. RESULTS Overall, 22 eligible studies, consisting of 2,576 participants and 5,414 MRI reports, were included in this meta-analysis. The area under curve (AUC) of VI-RADS at cut-point values of 3 and 4 were 0.93 (95%CI: 0.91, 0.95), 0.93 (95%CI: 0.90, 0.95), respectively. Based on Youden's J statistic, the optimal VI-RADS cutoff value for predicting MIBC was determined as 3 which granted a pooled sensitivity of 89% (95%CI: 87%, 91%; I2=48%) and a specificity of 84% (95%CI: 80%, 87%; I2=90%). Based on meta-regression, the sources of inter-study heterogeneity for VI-RADS ≥ 3 were the sample size > 70, study design, single-center vs multi-center, patient population characteristics (i.e., gender, age), reference standard, histology, magnetic strength, T2WI slice thickness, and the number of radiologists reporting the MRI results (P value ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSION The VI-RADS demonstrates consistently high diagnostic accuracy to predict MIBC. This scoring system could be applied in standard staging MRI reports of bladder cancer and can be incorporated into future MIBC work up guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahdie Hosseini
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | | | - K C Balaji
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Mark Bandyk
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL.
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Zhang X, Liu Y. The Application Value of MRI in the Training and Physical Rehabilitation of Gastrocnemius with Acute Sports Injury. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:4107743. [PMID: 34621502 PMCID: PMC8492242 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4107743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of acute gastrocnemius injury and to provide the basis for clinical diagnosis. Thirty-two patients with acute gastrocnemius muscle injury (19 males and 13 females, aged 18-63 years, mean 46 years) were recruited, and MRI scans were performed. The results showed that all the lesions of calf gastrocnemius were detected in 32 patients, including first-degree injury in 15 cases, second-degree injury in 15 cases, and third-degree injury in 2 cases. MRI can display the location and pathological changes of acute gastrocnemius injury, providing good imaging data for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Zhang
- Northeast Normal University, Jilin 130000, China
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, North University of Nationalities, Yinchuan 750030, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yunfa Liu
- Northeast Normal University, Jilin 130000, China
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The validity, reliability, and reviewer acceptance of VI-RADS in assessing muscle invasion by bladder cancer: a multicenter prospective study. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:6949-6961. [PMID: 33606105 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess diagnostic validity and reliability of VI-RADS in predicting muscle invasion by bladder cancer (BCa) and evaluate reviewer acceptance of VI-RADS for clinical routine. METHODS A prospective multicenter study enrolled 331 patients with suspected/untreated BCa who underwent preoperative multiparametric MRI examination (mp-MRI) of the urinary bladder. Four experienced radiologists independently evaluated all mp-MRI using VI-RADS. The diagnostic validity of VI-RADS for predicting muscle invasion by BCa was calculated using histopathology of the first transurethral resection bladder tumor (TURBT) and second TURBT as the reference standards. The kappa statistics (κ) were applied to assess the interreader agreement (IRA). Reviewer acceptance was evaluated with questionnaires. RESULTS The risk of muscle invasion in VI-RADS 2, 3, 4, and 5 after the first and second TURBT was 21.8%, 45.8%, 69.6%, and 96.4% and 24.4%, 58.3%, 87%, and 99.2%, respectively. The overall diagnostic validity of VI-RADS was high. The optimal cut-off value for predicting muscle invasion after first TURBT was > VI-RADS 3 (sensitivity = 84.1% and specificity = 92.3%), and after second TURBT was > VI-RADS 2 (sensitivity = 89.9% and specificity = 90.1%). VI-RADS categorization showed a very good IRA (κ = 0.93). Reviewers fully agreed with the statement, "The application of structured reporting of bladder tumor should be encouraged" (score = 20). CONCLUSIONS VI-RADS showed high diagnostic validity and reliability for predicting muscle invasion by BCa, especially VI-RADS 4 and 5. However, VI-RADS 2 and 3 require further modifications to enhance their diagnostic validity. VI-RADS is highly encouraged to be used in daily practice. KEY POINTS • VI-RADS showed high diagnostic validity and reliability in predicting BCa muscle invasion, especially VI-RADS 4 and 5. • In VI-RADS 2 and 3, we observed a notable percentage of BCa with muscle invasion and this would require further modifications to enhance the diagnostic validity for these scores. • Overall VI-RADS is well-accepted by radiologists who recommend it for daily practice.
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Séguier D, Puech P, Kool R, Dernis L, Gabert H, Kassouf W, Villers A, Marcq G. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for bladder cancer: a comprehensive systematic review of the Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) performance and potential clinical applications. Ther Adv Urol 2021; 13:17562872211039583. [PMID: 34457041 PMCID: PMC8392809 DOI: 10.1177/17562872211039583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) score is a novel standardized approach to image and report bladder cancer (BC) with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI). OBJECTIVES To describe and evaluate the performance of the VI-RADS score using mpMRI and assess its potential clinical applications and limitations. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using the MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic bibliographic databases between June 2020 and December 2020. All reports deemed relevant to describe the VI-RADS score and assess its performance and applications were retrieved. Results presentation stands as narrative, purely descriptive synthesis based on aggregate studies data. RESULTS A total of 20 relevant studies were retrieved: three meta-analyses, five prospective studies, and twelve retrospective studies. The retrospective studies covered 1676 patients, while the prospective studies included a total number of 468 patients. Pooled sensitivity, specificity to differentiate muscle-invasive from non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, ranged from 74.1% to 97.3%, and 77% to 100%, respectively. The chosen VI-RADS score thresholds for this discrimination varied across studies. The interreader agreement ranged from 0.73 to 0.95. Currently, the potential clinical applications of VI-RADS consist of initial BC risk stratification, assessment of neoadjuvant therapies response, and bladder sparing approaches, although further validation is required. CONCLUSIONS The VI-RADS score helps to discriminate muscle invasive from non-muscle invasive BC with good performance and reproducibility. A simple algorithm based on four basic questions may enhance its popularization. Further studies are required to validate the clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Séguier
- Urology Department, Claude Huriez Hospital, CHU Lille, Lille, Hauts-de-France, France
| | - Philippe Puech
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Department of Radiology, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, Lille, France
| | - Ronald Kool
- Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Léa Dernis
- Department of Radiology, U1189 - ONCO-THAI - Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, Lille, France
| | - Héléna Gabert
- Urology Department, Claude Huriez Hospital, CHU Lille, Lille, Hauts-de-France, France
| | - Wassim Kassouf
- Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arnauld Villers
- Urology Department, Claude Huriez Hospital, CHU Lille, Lille, Hauts-de-France, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 – CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Gautier Marcq
- Lille University, School of Medicine, Urology Department, Claude Huriez Hospital, CHRU Lille, LILLE Cedex, France Researcher - PhD Candidate, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 – CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
- Lille University, School of Medicine, Urology Department, Claude Huriez Hospital, CHRU Lille, LILLE Cedex, France
- Researcher - PhD Candidate, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 – CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
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Del Giudice F, Pecoraro M, Vargas HA, Cipollari S, De Berardinis E, Bicchetti M, Chung BI, Catalano C, Narumi Y, Catto JWF, Panebianco V. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) Inter-Observer Reliability: An Added Value for Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Detection. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102994. [PMID: 33076505 PMCID: PMC7602537 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In our systematic review and meta-analysis of eight observational studies including a total of 1016 patients, we demonstrated excellent pooled inter-observer agreement among Genito-Urinary radiologists when adopting the novel Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) criteria in the pre-trans-urethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) assessment for non-muscle (NMIBC) vs. muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) detection. Abstract The Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) has been introduced to provide preoperative bladder cancer staging and has proved to be reliable in assessing the presence of muscle invasion in the pre-TURBT (trans-urethral resection of bladder tumor). We aimed to assess through a systematic review and meta-analysis the inter-reader variability of VI-RADS criteria for discriminating non-muscle vs. muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC, MIBC). PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase were searched up until 30 July 2020. The Quality Appraisal of Diagnostic Reliability (QAREL) checklist was utilized to assess the quality of included studies and a pooled measure of inter-rater reliability (Cohen’s Kappa [κ] and/or Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs)) was calculated. Further sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression were conducted to investigate the contribution of moderators to heterogeneity. In total, eight studies between 2018 and 2020, which evaluated a total of 1016 patients via 21 interpreting genitourinary (GU) radiologists, met inclusion criteria and were critically examined. No study was considered to be significantly flawed with publication bias. The pooled weighted mean κ estimate was 0.83 (95%CI: 0.78–0.88). Heterogeneity was present among the studies (Q = 185.92, d.f. = 7, p < 0.001; I2 = 92.7%). Meta-regression analyses showed that the relative % of MIBC diagnosis and cumulative reader’s experience to influence the estimated outcome (Coeff: 0.019, SE: 0.007; p= 0.003 and 0.036, SE: 0.009; p = 0.001). In the present study, we confirm excellent pooled inter-reader agreement of VI-RADS to discriminate NMIBC from MIBC underlying the importance that standardization and reproducibility of VI-RADS may confer to multiparametric magnetic resonance (mpMRI) for preoperative BCa staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Del Giudice
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-064-997-4201; Fax: +39-064-997-8509
| | - Martina Pecoraro
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, “Sapienza”/Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (S.C.); (M.B.); (C.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Hebert Alberto Vargas
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Stefano Cipollari
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, “Sapienza”/Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (S.C.); (M.B.); (C.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Ettore De Berardinis
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Bicchetti
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, “Sapienza”/Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (S.C.); (M.B.); (C.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Benjamin I. Chung
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Carlo Catalano
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, “Sapienza”/Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (S.C.); (M.B.); (C.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Yoshifumi Narumi
- Departments of Radiology and Health Science, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan;
| | - James W. F. Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Valeria Panebianco
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, “Sapienza”/Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (S.C.); (M.B.); (C.C.); (V.P.)
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