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Wang Y, Xu C, Yang B, Yu F, Guo A. Finite Element Analysis of the Effect of Femoral Prosthesis Varus and Valgus Angle Installation on the Lateral Compartment in Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty. J NIPPON MED SCH 2024; 91:88-98. [PMID: 38462443 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2024_91-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study used finite element analysis (FEA) to investigate the effect of varus and valgus angle on the lateral compartment in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). METHODS One patient who underwent UKA was enrolled as the subject. Thirteen working conditions of the femoral prosthesis were simulated at varus and valgus angles of 0°, 2°, 4°, 6°, 8°, 10°, and 12°. A load of 1,000 N was applied downward along the mechanical axis of the femur, and the highest stress values on the surface of the polyethylene liner, cancellous bone under the tibial prosthesis, cartilage of femur lateral condyle, lateral meniscus, and tibial lateral plateau cartilage in each model were recorded. The six highest points were used to calculate the mean value. RESULTS The highest stress values on the surface of the polyethylene liner, cancellous bone under the tibial prosthesis, cartilage of femur lateral condyle, lateral meniscus, and tibial lateral plateau cartilage increased with an increase in the femoral prosthesis varus/valgus angle. As compared with the standard position of the femoral prosthesis, there was no significant difference in the surface stress values of the polyethylene liner, cancellous bone under the tibial prosthesis, cartilage of femur lateral condyle, lateral meniscus and tibial lateral plateau cartilage when the femoral prosthesis varus/valgus angle was less than 4° (p > 0.05). In addition, the stress magnitude on the polyethylene liner, cancellous bone under the tibial prosthesis, cartilage of femur lateral condyle, lateral meniscus, and tibial lateral plateau cartilage significantly increased when the femoral prosthesis varus/valgus angle was greater than 4° (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The optimal femoral prosthesis varus/valgus angle in UKA was less than 4°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine
| | - Chongyang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Ai Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University
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Zhang ZH, Qi YS, Wei BG, Bao HRC, Xu YS. Application strategy of finite element analysis in artificial knee arthroplasty. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1127289. [PMID: 37265991 PMCID: PMC10230366 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1127289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial knee arthroplasty, as the most effective method for the treatment of end-stage joint diseases such as knee osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, is widely used in the field of joint surgery. At present, Finite element analysis (FEA) has been widely used in artificial knee replacement biomechanical research. This review presents the current hotspots for the application of FEA in the field of artificial knee replacement by reviewing the existing research literature and, by comparison, summarizes guidance and recommendations for artificial knee replacement surgery. We believe that lower contact stress can produce less wear and complications when components move against each other, in the process of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), mobile-bearing prostheses reduce the contact surface stress of the tibial-femoral joint compared with fixed-bearing prostheses, thus reducing the wear of the polyethylene insert. Compared with mechanical alignment, kinematic alignment reduces the maximum stress and maximum strain of the femoral component and polyethylene insert in TKA, and the lower stress reduces the wear of the joint contact surface and prolongs the life of the prosthesis. In the unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), the femoral and tibial components of mobile-bearing prostheses have better conformity, which can reduce the wear of the components, while local stress concentration caused by excessive overconformity of fixed-bearing prostheses should be avoided in UKA to prevent accelerated wear of the components, the mobile-bearing prosthesis maintained in the coronal position from 4° varus to 4° valgus and the fixed-bearing prosthesis implanted in the neutral position (0°) are recommended. In revision total knee arthroplasty (RTKA), the stem implant design should maintain the best balance between preserving bone and reducing stress around the prosthesis after implantation. Compared with cemented stems, cementless press-fit femoral stems show higher fretting, for tibial plateau bone defects, porous metal blocks are more effective in stress dispersion. Finally, compared with traditional mechanical research methods, FEA methods can yield relatively accurate simulations, which could compensate for the deficiencies of traditional mechanics in knee joint research. Thus, FEA has great potential for applications in the field of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Heng Zhang
- Orthopedics Center, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
- Graduate School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan-Song Qi
- Orthopedics Center, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Bao-Gang Wei
- Orthopedics Center, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Hu-Ri-Cha Bao
- Orthopedics Center, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Xu
- Orthopedics Center, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
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Ma P, Muheremu A, Zhang S, Zheng Q, Wang W, Jiang K. Biomechanical effects of fixed-bearing femoral prostheses with different coronal positions in medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:150. [PMID: 35264185 PMCID: PMC8905781 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To study the biomechanical effects of femoral prostheses at different coronal positions using finite element analysis and provide a clinical reference for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Methods A normal knee joint model was established and verified, establishing 13 working conditions for the femoral prosthesis: the standard position, varus and valgus angles of 3°, 6° and 9° and medial and lateral translations of 1 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm. The stress changes at different positions were analysed, including the polyethylene (PE) insert upper surface, the surface of lateral compartment cartilage and the surface of cancellous bone under tibial prosthesis. Results The stresses on the PE insert upper surface and the cancellous bone surface increased with increasing femoral prosthesis valgus/varus, and the stress increased gradually during medial to lateral translation. The stress change is more significant during valgus and lateral translation. However, the stress on the cartilage surface decreases in the process of varus to valgus and medial translation to lateral translation. Conclusion The fixed-bearing femoral prosthesis of the medial UKA should avoid translation or varus/valgus tilt on the coronal plane as much as possible. The obvious misalignment of the femoral prosthesis will significantly affect the stress on the internal structure of the knee joint, especially the PE insert and cartilage surface. A femoral prosthesis coronal tilt of more than 6° may significantly increase the stress on the PE surface, and varus of more than 6° may significantly increase the stress on the cartilage surface. For the femoral prosthesis position at the distal end of the femoral condyle, it is recommended to be placed in the centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 39 Wuxing Nan Rd, Tianshan District, Ürümqi, 830001, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Aikeremujiang Muheremu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, 830001, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Siping Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 39 Wuxing Nan Rd, Tianshan District, Ürümqi, 830001, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 39 Wuxing Nan Rd, Tianshan District, Ürümqi, 830001, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Urumqi DW Innovation InfoTech Co., Ltd., Ürümqi, 830001, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 39 Wuxing Nan Rd, Tianshan District, Ürümqi, 830001, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Khow YZ, Liow MHL, Lee M, Chen JY, Lo NN, Yeo SJ. Posterior condylar offset and posterior tibial slope targets to optimize knee flexion after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:822-831. [PMID: 33512542 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between posterior tibial slope (PTS), posterior condylar offset (PCO), femoral sagittal angle (FSA) on clinical outcomes, and propose optimal sagittal plane alignments for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). METHODS Prospectively collected data of 265 medial UKA was analysed. PTS, PCO, FSA were measured on preoperative and postoperative lateral radiographs. Clinical assessment was done at 6-month, 2-year and 10-year using Oxford Knee Score, Knee Society Knee and Function scores, Short Form-36, range of motion (ROM), fulfilment of satisfaction and expectations. Implant survivorship was noted at mean 15-year. Kendall rank correlation test evaluated correlations of sagittal parameters against clinical outcomes. Multivariable linear regression evaluated predictors of postoperative ROM. Effect plots and interaction plots were used to identify angles with the best outcomes. (p < 0.05) was the threshold for statistical significance. RESULTS There were significant correlations between PTS, PCO and FSA. Younger age, lower BMI, implant type, greater preoperative flexion, steeper PTS and preservation of PCO were significant predictors of greater postoperative flexion. There were significant interaction effects between PTS and PCO. Effect plots demonstrate a PTS between 2° to 8° and restoration of PCO within 1.5 mm of native values are optimal for better postoperative flexion. Interaction plot reveals that it is preferable to reduce PCO by 1.0 mm when PTS is 2° and restore PCO at 0 mm when PTS is 8°. CONCLUSION UKA surgeons and future studies should be mindful of the relationship between PTS, PCO and FSA, and avoid considering them in isolation. When deciding on the method of balancing component gaps in UKA, surgeons should rely on the PTS. Decrease the posterior condylar cut when PTS is steep, and increase the posterior condylar cut when PTS is shallow. The acceptable range for PTS is between 2° to 8° and PCO should be restored to 1.5 mm of native values. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhi Khow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 4, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Ming Han Lincoln Liow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 4, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
| | - Merrill Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 4, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Jerry Yongqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 4, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Ngai Nung Lo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 4, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Seng Jin Yeo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 4, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
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Xiong H, Zeng Y, Si H, Wu Y, Shen B. [Research progress on finite element analysis of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in medial knee compartmental osteoarthritis]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:781-785. [PMID: 34142508 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To review the research progress on finite element analysis (FEA) of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in medial knee compartmental osteoarthritis. Methods The FEA research literature on the medial knee UKA at home and abroad was reviewed, and the progress on the aspects of the influences of the prosthesis arrangement and the postoperative joint line on the mechanical distribution of the knee joint, the improvement of the UKA prosthesis, and the related research of different types of prostheses were summarized. Results At present, scholars have conducted a large number of FEA studies on UKA in the medial knee compartmental osteoarthritis. The results of the study show that the recommended coronal alignment and the tibial slope angle of tibial component in medial fixed-bearing UKA are 0° and 5°-7°, respectively; and the coronal alignment and the tibial slope angle of tibial component in mobile-bearing UKA are 4° varus to 4° valgus and 5°-7°, respectively. The femoral component is arranged in the neutral position of the distal femur. The joint line is recommended to be the primary alignment. The anatomical UKA prosthesis can restore the biomechanical properties of the normal knee joint. Conclusion FEA research can clarify the best arrangement and joint line of the medial knee UKA prosthesis based on the mechanical distribution results, and guide the design of UKA prostheses that are more suitable for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhang Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China.,No.1 Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 564300, P.R.China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Haibo Si
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Yuangang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
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Kim TK, Mittal A, Meshram P, Kim WH, Choi SM. Evidence-based surgical technique for medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Relat Res 2021; 33:2. [PMID: 33413698 PMCID: PMC7792201 DOI: 10.1186/s43019-020-00084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a successful treatment modality in selected patients having advanced, single-compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. The bone and ligament preservation leading to shorter recovery periods, better functional outcomes, lower perioperative complication rates, and easier revision, if needed, are proposed as some of the advantages of UKA over total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Despite several advantages, UKA is reported to have higher failure rates as compared to TKA. The prosthesis failure of UKA is directly correlated to intraoperative technique-related factors like malpositioning of components and the inability to replicate the target-limb alignment as per preoperative planning. An evidence-based surgical technique for UKA may help surgeons to avoid the intraoperative technique-related errors. The purpose of this paper is to describe a stepwise surgical technique for the fixed-bearing medial UKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyun Kim
- TK Orthopedic Institution, 55 Dongpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13535, Republic of Korea.
| | - Anurag Mittal
- TK Orthopedic Institution, 55 Dongpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13535, Republic of Korea
| | - Prashant Meshram
- Department of Orthopaedics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, 2360 West Joppa Road, Suite 306, Baltimore, MD, 21093, USA
| | - Woo Hyun Kim
- TK Orthopedic Institution, 55 Dongpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13535, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Choi
- TK Orthopedic Institution, 55 Dongpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13535, Republic of Korea
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Kwon HM, Lee JA, Koh YG, Park KK, Kang KT. Effects of contact stress on patellarfemoral joint and quadriceps force in fixed and mobile-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:517. [PMID: 33168023 PMCID: PMC7653850 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-02047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an effective treatment for end-stage, symptomatic unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee joint. However, patellofemoral joint degeneration is a contraindication to medial UKA. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effect of medial UKA using fixed-bearing (FB) and mobile-bearing (MB) design prostheses on the patellofemoral joint. Methods A three-dimensional finite-element model of a normal knee joint was developed using medical image data. We performed statistical analysis for each model. The differences in contact stress on the patellofemoral joint and the quadriceps force between the FB and MB designs were evaluated under a deep-knee-bend condition. Results At an early flexion angle, the results of contact stress showed no significant difference between the FB and MB medial UKA models compared with the intact model. However, at high flexion angles, we observed a significant increase in contact stress with the FB models compared with the intact model. On the contrary, in the case of the MB models, we found no statistically significant increment compared with the intact model. A larger quadriceps force was needed to produce an identical flexion angle for both the FB and MB UKA designs than for the intact model. At high flexion angles, a significant increase quadriceps force whit the FB model compared with the intact model. Conclusions Our results indicate that with medial UKA, the contact stress increased and greater quadriceps force was applied to the patellofemoral joint. However, performing UKA on a patellofemoral joint with osteoarthritis should not be difficult, unless anterior knee pain is present, because the increase in contact stress is negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuck Min Kwon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ah Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gon Koh
- Joint Reconstruction Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, 10 Hyoryeong-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06698, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Kyu Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Tak Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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