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Javanshir K, Ghafouri-Rouzbehani P, Zohrehvand A, Naeimi A, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Nikbakht HA, Mousavi-Khatir SR, Valera-Calero JA. Cervical Multifidus and Longus Colli Ultrasound Differences among Patients with Cervical Disc Bulging, Protrusion and Extrusion and Asymptomatic Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:624. [PMID: 38276132 PMCID: PMC10816935 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in morphological and histological features of the cervical multifidus (CM) and longus colli (LC) muscles among patients with cervical disc bulging, protrusion, or extrusion. Fifteen patients with cervical disc bulging (20% male, mean age: 48.5, standard deviation (SD) 7.5 years), fifteen with cervical disc protrusion (6% male, mean age: 43, SD 7.8 years), and fifteen with cervical disc extrusion (40% male, mean age: 44, SD 8 years) diagnosed via clinical and imaging findings participated in this study. Additionally, fifteen asymptomatic controls (40% male, mean age: 40.4, SD 9.7 years) were also included. The following ultrasound measurements, cross-sectional area (CSA), anterior-posterior distance (APD), lateral dimension (LD), and mean echo-intensity (EI) of the CM and LC at C5-C6 level were examined by an assessor blinded to the subject's condition. The results revealed no group ×side significant differences among the groups (p > 0. 00625). However, group effects were found for APD and MEI of the CM (p = 0.006 and p < 0.001, respectively) and CSA, APD and MEI of the LC (all, p < 0.001). The LD of the LC muscle and the APD and LD of the CM were negatively associated with related disability (p < 0.01; p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), and pain intensity was negatively associated with LC APD and LD (both p < 0.05). These results suggest that US can be used to detect bilateral morphological changes in deep cervical flexors and extensors to discriminate patients with cervical disc alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khodabakhsh Javanshir
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol 47176-47745, Iran; (K.J.); (P.G.-R.); (S.R.M.-K.)
| | - Payam Ghafouri-Rouzbehani
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol 47176-47745, Iran; (K.J.); (P.G.-R.); (S.R.M.-K.)
| | - Amirhossein Zohrehvand
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176-47745, Iran;
| | - Arvin Naeimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 41446-66949, Iran;
| | - César Fernández-de-las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Hossein-Ali Nikbakht
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176-47745, Iran;
| | - Seyedeh Roghayeh Mousavi-Khatir
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol 47176-47745, Iran; (K.J.); (P.G.-R.); (S.R.M.-K.)
| | - Juan Antonio Valera-Calero
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursery, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo InPhysio, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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