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Jiang YK, Li W, Qiu YY, Yue M. Advances in targeted therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive in advanced gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2318-2334. [PMID: 38994153 PMCID: PMC11236256 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging therapeutic methods represented by targeted therapy are effective supplements to traditional first-line chemoradiotherapy resistance. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the most important targets in targeted therapy for gastric cancer. Trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy has been used as the first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer. The safety and efficacy of pertuzumab and margetuximab in the treatment of gastric cancer have been verified. However, monoclonal antibodies, due to their large molecular weight, inability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and drug resistance, lead to decreased therapeutic efficacy, so it is necessary to explore the efficacy of other HER2-targeting therapies in gastric cancer. Small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as lapatinib and pyrrotinib, have the advantages of small molecular weight, penetrating the blood-brain barrier and high oral bioavailability, and are expected to become the drugs of choice for perioperative treatment and neoadjuvant therapy of gastric cancer after validation by large-scale clinical trials in the future. Antibo-drug conjugate, such as T-DM1 and T-DXd, can overcome the resistance of monoclonal antibodies despite their different mechanisms of tumor killing, and are a supplement for the treatment of patients who have failed the treatment of monoclonal antibodies such as trastuzumab. Therefore, after more detailed stratification of gastric cancer patients, various gastric cancer drugs targeting HER2 are expected to play a more significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Kun Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Health Management Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying-Yang Qiu
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Meng Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
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2
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Chen M, Wang G, Xu Z, Sun J, Liu B, Chang L, Gu J, Ruan Y, Gao X, Song S. Loss of RACK1 promotes glutamine addiction via activating AKT/mTOR/ASCT2 axis to facilitate tumor growth in gastric cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:113-128. [PMID: 37578594 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming is closely related to the development of gastric cancer (GC), which remains as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. As a tumor suppressor for GC, whether receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) play a modulatory role in metabolic reprogramming remains largely unclear. METHODS GC cell lines and cell-derived xenograft mouse model were used to identify the biological function of RACK1. Flow cytometry and Seahorse assays were applied to examine cell cycle and oxygen consumption rate (OCR), respectively. Western blot, real-time PCR and autophagy double fluorescent assays were utilized to explore the signaling. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of RACK1 and other indicators in tissue sections. RESULTS Loss of RACK1 facilitated the viability, colony formation, cell cycle progression and OCR of GC cells in a glutamine-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that RACK1 knockdown inhibited the lysosomal degradation of Alanine-serine-cysteine amino acid transporter 2 (ASCT2). Mechanistically, depletion of RACK1 remarkably decreased PTEN expression through up-regulating miR-146b-5p, leading to the activation of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway which dampened autophagy flux subsequently. Moreover, knockdown of ASCT2 could reverse the promotive effect of RACK1 depletion on GC tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Tissue microarray confirmed that RACK1 was negatively correlated with the expression of ASCT2 and p62, as well as the phosphorylation of mTOR. CONCLUSION Together, our results demonstrate that the suppressive function of RACK1 in GC is associated with ASCT2-mediated glutamine metabolism, and imply that targeting RACK1/ASCT2 axis provides potential strategies for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaojia Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shushu Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Y, He Q, Rong K, Zhu M, Zhao X, Zheng P, Mi Y. Vitamin D3 promotes gastric cancer cell autophagy by mediating p53/AMPK/mTOR signaling. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1338260. [PMID: 38259281 PMCID: PMC10800859 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1338260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Vitamin D3 has the general properties of a lipid-soluble vitamin, but is also an active steroid hormone that can regulate the proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of many tumor cells, and exerts anticancer activity against numerous malignancies. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of vitamin D3 on tumors is not fully understood. Here, we used network pharmacology and in vitro experimental approaches to explore the mechanism of vitamin D3 activity in the context of gastric cancer. Methods: The Targetnet, SuperPred, SwissTargetPrediction, and PharmMapper databases were screened for potential drug-related targets, while we used data from the PharmGKB, Drugbank, OMIM, DisGeNET, CTD, and GeneCards databases to identify potential targets associated with gastric cancer. Disease-drug crossover genes were obtained by constructing Venn diagrams. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of crossover genes were conducted and STRING was used to generate protein interaction networks and identify core targets. CCK-8 experiments were performed and apoptosis detected to assess the effect of vitamin D3 on gastric cancer cells. Western blotting was applied to detect p53/AMPK/mTOR signaling, as well as autophagy-, cell cycle-, and apoptosis-related proteins. Results: A total of 485 targets of vitamin D3 activity were obtained and 1200 gastric cancer disease-related targets discovered. Further, 60 potential targets for vitamin D3 in gastric cancer treatment were identified. KEGG analysis indicated that potential targets were mainly involved in the cell cycle, HIF-1 signaling, and the AMPK pathway, among other pathways. These findings were validated using cellular experiments, which demonstrated that the viability of AGS and SGC-7901 cells was impeded by vitamin D3. Further, vitamin D3 promoted apoptosis and inhibited the cell cycle in those cell lines, as well as activating the p53/AMPK/mTOR pathway, which promotes autophagy and inhibits tumor development. Conclusion: Our network pharmacological analyses provide preliminarily data supporting a role for vitamin D3 in promoting autophagy and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells, and in activating the p53/AMPK/mTOR pathway, which inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation. Our findings demonstrate the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of vitamin D3 in cure of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingmin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Rong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingyang Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pengyuan Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Marshall B. J. Medical Research Center of Zhengzhou University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Shi Y, Jiang B, Zhao J. Induction mechanisms of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115984. [PMID: 38070244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (II/RI), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been gradually increasing, posing significant threats to human health. Autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) play important roles in II/RI. Damage caused by ischemia and cellular stress can activate ERS, which in turn initiates autophagy to clear damaged organelles and abnormal proteins, thereby alleviating ERS and maintaining the intestinal environment. In IBD, chronic inflammation damages intestinal tissues and activates autophagy and ERS. Autophagy is initiated by upregulating ATG genes and downregulating factors that inhibit autophagy, thereby clearing abnormal proteins, damaged organelles, and bacteria. Simultaneously, persistent inflammatory stimulation can also trigger ERS, leading to protein imbalance and abnormal folding in the ER lumen. The activation of ERS can maintain cellular homeostasis by initiating the autophagy process, thereby reducing inflammatory responses and cell apoptosis in the intestine. In CRC, excessive cell proliferation and protein synthesis lead to increased ERS. The activation of ERS, regulated by signaling pathways such as IRE1α and PERK, can initiate autophagy to clear abnormal proteins and damaged organelles, thereby reducing the negative effects of ERS. It can be seen that autophagy and ERS play a crucial regulatory role in the development of intestinal diseases. Therefore, the progress in targeted therapy for intestinal diseases based on autophagy and ERS provides novel strategies for managing intestinal diseases. In this paper, we review the advances in regulation of autophagy and ERS in intestinal diseases, emphasizing the potential molecular mechanisms for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Proctology, Baoji Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Baoji 721001, Shanxi, PR China.
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5
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Kopiasz Ł, Dziendzikowska K, Oczkowski M, Harasym J, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Low-molar-mass oat beta-glucan impacts autophagy and apoptosis in early stages of induced colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127832. [PMID: 37924897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Oat beta-glucan is one of the soluble dietary fibre fractions with a wide spectrum of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour properties. In the present study, the effect of low-molar-mass oat beta-glucan isolate (OβGl) on the level of autophagy and apoptosis in the colorectum of rats with induced early stages of colorectal cancer was investigated. Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two main groups: control and azoxymethane-induced early-stage colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC). Both groups were divided into three dietary subgroups fed standard feed without OβGl (OβGl-), with 1 % of OβGl (OβGl+1 %) or with 3 % of OβGl (OβGl+3 %). The expression of autophagy (LC3B, beclin-1) and apoptosis (caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, BAX, BCL-2 and PARP-1) markers was determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and PCR analysis. The obtained results showed that the expression of LC3B, caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 in the CRC mucosa, and LC3B-II expression in the CRC wall were higher in the OβGl+3 % compared to the OβGl- rats. A higher BAX/BCL-2 ratio was also observed in the CRC OβGl+1 % rats compared to the other CRC animals. In summary, OβGl+3 % has a modulatory effect, stimulating autophagy and the extrinsic apoptosis pathway, while OβGl+1 % has a stimulatory effect on the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kopiasz
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Oczkowski
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Harasym
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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6
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Xiao W, Wang J, Wang X, Cai S, Guo Y, Ye L, Li D, Hu A, Jin S, Yuan B, Zhou Y, Li Q, Tong Q, Zheng L. Therapeutic targeting of the USP2-E2F4 axis inhibits autophagic machinery essential for zinc homeostasis in cancer progression. Autophagy 2022; 18:2615-2635. [PMID: 35253629 PMCID: PMC9629121 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2044651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved cellular process associated with tumorigenesis and aggressiveness, while mechanisms regulating expression of autophagic machinery genes in cancers still remain elusive. Herein, we identified E2F4 (E2F transcription factor 4) as a novel transcriptional activator of cytoprotective autophagy crucial for zinc homeostasis in cancer cells. Gain- and loss-of-function studies showed that E2F4 promoted autophagy in a cell cycle-dependent manner, resulting in facilitated degradation of MT (metallothionein) proteins, elevated distribution of Zn2+ within autophagosomes, decreased labile intracellular zinc ions, and increased growth, invasion, and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Mechanistically, E2F4 directly regulated the transcription of ATG2A (autophagy related 2A) and ULK2 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2), leading to autophagic degradation of MT1E, MT1M, and MT1X, while USP2 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 2) stabilized E2F4 protein to induce its transactivation via physical interaction and deubiquitination in cancer cells. Rescue experiments revealed that USP2 harbored oncogenic properties via E2F4-facilitated autophagy and zinc homeostasis. Emetine, a small chemical inhibitor of autophagy, was able to block interaction between UPS2 and E2F4, increase labile intracellular zinc ions, and suppress tumorigenesis and aggressiveness. In clinical gastric cancer specimens, both USP2 and E2F4 were upregulated and associated with poor outcome of patients. These findings indicate that therapeutic targeting of the USP2-E2F4 axis inhibits autophagic machinery essential for zinc homeostasis in cancer progression.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ANOVA: analysis of variance; ATG2A: autophagy related 2A; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BECN1: beclin 1; BiFC: bimolecular fluorescence complementation; CCND1: cyclin D1; CDK: cyclin dependent kinase; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; CHX: cycloheximide; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; E2F4: E2F transcription factor 4; eATP: extracellular adenosine triphosphate; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; FP: first progression; FRET: fluorescence resonance energy transfer; FUCCI: fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GST: glutathione S-transferase; HA: hemagglutinin; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MDM2: MDM2 proto-oncogene; MKI67/Ki-67: marker of proliferation Ki-67; MT: metallothionein; MT1E: metallothionein 1E; MT1M: metallothionein 1M; MT1X: metallothionein 1X; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethyltriazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; OS: overall survival; PECAM1/CD31: platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; PIK3C3: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; qPCR: quantitative PCR; RFP: red fluorescent protein; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; UBXN1: UBX domain protein 1; Ub: ubiquitin; ULK2: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 2; USP14: ubiquitin specific peptidase 14; USP2: ubiquitin specific peptidase 2; USP5: ubiquitin specific peptidase 5; USP7: ubiquitin specific peptidase 7; ZnCl2: zinc chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jianqun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Clinical Center of Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanhua Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Anpei Hu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shikai Jin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Boling Yuan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qilan Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiangsong Tong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Clinical Center of Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liduan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Clinical Center of Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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HDAC8 Promotes Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer via Inhibition of IRF1 and Upregulation of SUCNR1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2815187. [PMID: 36035205 PMCID: PMC9400431 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2815187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are well-characterized for their involvement in tumor progression. Herein, the current study set out to unravel the association of HDAC8 with colorectal cancer (CRC). Bioinformatics analyses were carried out to retrieve the expression patterns of HDAC8 in CRC and the underlying mechanism. Following expression determination, the specific roles of HDAC8, IRF1, and SUCNR1 in CRC cell functions were analyzed following different interventions. Additionally, tumor formation and liver metastasis in nude mice were operated to verify the fore experiment. Bioinformatics analyses predicted the involvement of the HDAC8/IRF1/SUCNR1 axis in CRC. In vitro cell experiments showed that HDAC8 induced the CRC cell growth by reducing IRF1 expression. Meanwhile, IRF1 limited SUCNR1 expression by binding to its promoter. SUCNR1 triggered the growth and metastasis of CRC by inhibiting cell autophagy. HDAC8 blocked IRF1-mediated SUCNR1 inhibition and thereby inhibited autophagy, accelerating CRC cell growth. Lastly, HDAC8 facilitated the development of CRC and liver metastasis by regulating the IRF1/SUCNR1 axis in vivo. Taken together, our findings highlighted the critical role for the HDAC8/IRF1/SUCNR1 axis in the regulation of autophagy and the resultant liver metastasis in CRC.
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Ferreira A, Pereira F, Reis C, Oliveira MJ, Sousa MJ, Preto A. Crucial Role of Oncogenic KRAS Mutations in Apoptosis and Autophagy Regulation: Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142183. [PMID: 35883626 PMCID: PMC9319879 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS, one of the RAS protein family members, plays an important role in autophagy and apoptosis, through the regulation of several downstream effectors. In cancer cells, KRAS mutations confer the constitutive activation of this oncogene, stimulating cell proliferation, inducing autophagy, suppressing apoptosis, altering cell metabolism, changing cell motility and invasion and modulating the tumor microenvironment. In order to inhibit apoptosis, these oncogenic mutations were reported to upregulate anti-apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-xL and survivin, and to downregulate proteins related to apoptosis induction, including thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In addition, KRAS mutations are known to induce autophagy in order to promote cell survival and tumor progression through MAPK and PI3K regulation. Thus, these mutations confer resistance to anti-cancer drug treatment and, consequently, result in poor prognosis. Several therapies have been developed in order to overcome KRAS-induced cell death resistance and the downstream signaling pathways blockade, especially by combining MAPK and PI3K inhibitors, which demonstrated promising results. Understanding the involvement of KRAS mutations in apoptosis and autophagy regulation, might bring new avenues to the discovery of therapeutic approaches for CRCs harboring KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Flávia Pereira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.R.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso Reis
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.R.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.R.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Preto
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-253-601524
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9
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Li Y, Wang H, Liao L, Tang P, He H, Liu L, Yan J, Peng Q. Systemic Analysis of the Anticancer Effects of Sijunzi Decoction on Gastric Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221109418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) has been used for alleviating peptic ulcer or gastric discomfort, and treating spleen disorders since the Song Dynasty, but its pharmacological effect on human gastric cancer (GC) is still unclear. In this research, a network pharmacology-based strategy was applied to explore active ingredients, potential targets, and molecular mechanisms of SJZD against GC. Methods: The active compounds and potential targets of SJZD, as well as GC-associated gene targets, were retrieved from publicly available databases. Bioinformatics approaches were used to assess the network interaction, functional regulation, and signaling pathways between SJZD ingredients and GC targets. The anticancer effects of SJZD against GC were verified in vivo by a mouse subcutaneous model. Results: The results of network analysis showed that quercetin was the most active ingredient in SJZD. Several prominent target genes of SJZD were identified, such as AKT1 and STAT3. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the core anti-GC targets of SJZD included transcription factor activity and kinase activity. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that GC patients could be benefited from SJZD treatment via modulation of signaling pathways related to endocrine system, cancer, and infectious disease. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that high-dose SJZD could inhibit GC xenograft tumor growth, reduce GC cell proliferation, induce GC cell apoptosis, and decrease the expression of p-AKT1 and p-STAT3. Conclusions: Taken together, our results suggest that SJZD can serve as an effective adjuvant therapeutic agent for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Li
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou City, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou City, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou City, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou City, P. R. China
| | - Linli Liao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, P. R. China
| | - Ping Tang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou City, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou City, P. R. China
| | - Haihui He
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou City, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou City, P. R. China
| | - Lingzhi Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou City, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou City, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Yan
- School of Informatics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, P. R. China
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10
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Zhao L, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li C, Shi K, Zhang K, Liu N. Therapeutic effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on colorectal cancer. Food Funct 2022; 13:6450-6466. [PMID: 35661189 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00899h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common malignant diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates. Ginseng and its major extracts, ginsenosides, have been used in medical fields for thousands of years. In particular, their huge anti-cancer potential has drawn a great deal of attention in recent years. There is a large body of evidence that has shown that ginseng and its extracts could significantly inhibit tumor development and progression by suppressing cell proliferation, tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, regulating tumor-associated immune responses, and improving the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy. Notably, different subtypes of ginsenosides, even those extracted from the same ginseng, have exhibited distinct anti-cancer functions through different mechanisms. Over the past few years, a large number of studies have focused on how ginseng or various ginsenosides influence CRC development. Therefore, the roles and the potential of ginseng and ginsenosides in the treatment of CRC are summarized in this review. In addition, the biochemical properties of ginseng and ginsenosides are also briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxian Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
| | - Yueming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
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11
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RBM47/SNHG5/FOXO3 axis activates autophagy and inhibits cell proliferation in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:270. [PMID: 35338124 PMCID: PMC8956740 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the main type of thyroid carcinoma. Despite the good prognosis, some PTC patients may deteriorate into more aggressive diseases, leading to poor survival. Molecular technology has been increasingly used in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid carcinoma. In this study, we identified that RNA Binding Motif Protein 47 (RBM47) was downregulated in PTC tissues and cells, and overexpression of RBM47 could activate autophagy and inhibit proliferation in PTC cells. RBM47 promotes but can not bind directly to Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3). FOXO3 activates Autophagy Related Gene 3 (ATG3), ATG5, and RBM47 to form a loop and promote autophagy. RBM47 can bind directly to and stabilized lncRNA Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 5 (SNHG5) to inhibit PTC cells proliferation and activate autophagy in vitro and in vivo. SNHG5 inhibits ubiquitination and degradation of FOXO3 by recruiting Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 21 (USP21), then promotes the translocation of FOXO3 from cytoplasm to nucleus. Our study revealed the regulatory mechanism of RBM47/SNHG5/FOXO3 axis on cell proliferation and autophagy in PTC, which may provide valuable insight for the treatment of PTC.
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12
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Understanding autophagy role in cancer stem cell development. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6741-6751. [PMID: 35277787 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of immature cells located in the tumor mass. These cells are responsible for tumor development, proliferation, resistance and spreading. CSCs are characterized by three unique features: the ability to self-renew, differentiation and tumor formation. CSCs are similar to stem cells, but they differ in the malignant phenotype. CSCs become immortal and survive harsh environmental conditions such as hypoxia, starvation and oxidative stress. However, this harsh tumor microenvironment induces the activation of autophagy, which further increases the CSCs stemness profile, and all these features further increase tumorigenicity and metastasis capacity. Autophagy is induced by the extracellular and cellular microenvironment. Hypoxia is one of the most common factors that highly increases the activity of autophagy in CSCs. Therefore, hypoxia-induced autophagy and CSCs proliferation should be elucidated in order to find a novel cure to defeat cancer cells (CSCs and non-CSCs). The remaining challenges to close the gap between the laboratory bench and the development of therapies, to use autophagy against CSCs in patients, could be addressed by adopting a 3D platform to better-mimic the natural environment in which these cells reside. Ultimately allowing to obtain the blueprints for bioprocess scaling up and to develop the production pipeline for safe and cost-effective autophagy-based novel biologics.
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13
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Wang D, Li Y, Sui S, Cai M, Dong K, Wang P, Liang X, Fu S, Yu J. Involvement of TOB1 on autophagy in gastric cancer AGS cells via decreasing the activation of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12904. [PMID: 35186488 PMCID: PMC8820212 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously identified the tumor suppressor gene TOB1 as related to gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore whether TOB1 induces autophagy through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in gastric cancer. METHODS Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of TOB1, LC3, AKT, mTOR, phosphorylated (p) AKT, and p-mTOR. A double fluorescent GFP-RFP-LC3 fusion protein was used to trace autophagy by laser confocal microscopy. Autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS The conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were significantly increased in AGS cells overexpressing TOB1 compared with control cells. Fluorescence imaging showed LC3 puncta at 48 h, and these puncta increased significantly at 72 h after TOB1 transfection compared with control tumor cells. The presence of autophagosomes in AGS cells was observed at 72 h after TOB1 transfection by transmission electron microscopy, and no autophagosomes were found in the control cells. Moreover, the levels of p-AKT and p -mTOR were lower in AGS cells than in control cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our results provide novel insight that TOB1 might suppress gastric cancer by inducing autophagy, possibly through decreasing phosphorylation and the subsequent activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Scientific Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuning Sui
- Scientific Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengdi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kexian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Songbin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingcui Yu
- Scientific Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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14
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Shafabakhsh R, Arianfar F, Vosough M, Mirzaei HR, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Khanbabaei H, Kowsari H, Shojaie L, Azar MEF, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Autophagy and gastrointestinal cancers: the behind the scenes role of long non-coding RNAs in initiation, progression, and treatment resistance. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:1229-1255. [PMID: 33432087 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers comprise a heterogeneous group of complex disorders that affect different organs, including esophagus, stomach, gallbladder, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus. Recently, an explosion in nucleic acid-based technologies has led to the discovery of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that have been found to possess unique regulatory functions. This class of RNAs is >200 nucleotides in length, and is characterized by their lack of protein coding. LncRNAs exert regulatory effects in GI cancer development by affecting different functions such as the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, apoptosis, glycolysis and angiogenesis. Over the past few decades, considerable evidence has revealed the important role of autophagy in both GI cancer progression and suppression. In addition, recent studies have confirmed a significant correlation between lncRNAs and the regulation of autophagy. In this review, we summarize how lncRNAs play a behind the scenes role in the pathogenesis of GI cancers through regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Arianfar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamed Kowsari
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Layla Shojaie
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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15
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Papaefthymiou A, Christodoulidis G, Koffas A, Doulberis M, Polyzos SA, Manolakis A, Potamianos S, Kapsoritakis A, Kountouras J. Role of autophagy in gastric carcinogenesis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1244-1262. [PMID: 34721765 PMCID: PMC8529927 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer represents a common and highly fatal malignancy, and thus a pathophysiology-based reconsideration is necessary, given the absence of efficient therapeutic regimens. In this regard, emerging data reveal a significant role of autophagy in gastric oncogenesis, progression, metastasis and chemoresistance. Although autophagy comprises a normal primordial process, ensuring cellular homeostasis under energy depletion and stress conditions, alterations at any stage of the complex regulatory system could stimulate a tumorigenic and promoting cascade. Among others, Helicobacter pylori infection induces a variety of signaling molecules modifying autophagy, during acute infection or after chronic autophagy degeneration. Subsequently, defective autophagy allows malignant transformation and upon cancer establishment, an overactive autophagy is stimulated. This overexpressed autophagy provides energy supplies and resistance mechanisms to gastric cancer cells against hosts defenses and anticancer treatment. This review interprets the implicated autophagic pathways in normal cells and in gastric cancer to illuminate the potential preventive, therapeutic and prognostic benefits of understanding and intervening autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41110, Thessaly, Greece
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Macedonia, Greece
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Macedonia, Greece
| | | | - Apostolos Koffas
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41110, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Macedonia, Greece
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Macedonia, Greece
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau 5001, Switzerland
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Anastasios Manolakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41110, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Spyros Potamianos
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41110, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Andreas Kapsoritakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41110, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Macedonia, Greece
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16
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Zhu L, Wang Y, Lv W, Wu X, Sheng H, He C, Hu J. Schizandrin A can inhibit non‑small cell lung cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:214. [PMID: 34643254 PMCID: PMC8522958 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizandrin A (SchA) can be extracted from the vine plant Schisandra chinensis and has been reported to confer various biologically active properties. However, its potential biological effects on non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unknown. Therefore, the present study aims to address this issue. NSCLC and normal lung epithelial cell lines were first treated with SchA. Cell viability and proliferation were measured using CellTiter‑Glo Assay and colony formation assays, respectively. PI staining was used to measure cell cycle distribution. Cell cycle‑related proteins p53, p21, cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin E1, cyclin E2, CDK2 and DNA damage‑related protein SOX4 were detected by western blot analysis. Annexin V‑FITC/PI staining, DNA electrophoresis and Hoechst 33342/PI dual staining were used to detect apoptosis. JC‑1 and DCFH‑DA fluorescent dyes were used to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species concentrations, respectively. Apoptosis‑related proteins caspase‑3, cleaved caspase‑3, poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase (PARP), cleaved PARP, BimEL, BimL, BimS, Bcl2, Bax, caspase‑9 and cleaved caspas‑9 were measured by western blot analysis. Dansylcadaverine was used to detect the presence of the acidic lysosomal vesicles. The expression levels of the autophagy‑related proteins LC3‑I/II, p62/SQSTM and AMPKα activation were measured using western blot analysis. In addition, the autophagy inhibitor 3‑methyladenine was used to inhibit autophagy. SchA treatment was found to reduce NSCLC cell viability whilst inhibiting cell proliferation. Low concentrations of SchA (10‑20 µM) mainly induced G1/S‑phase cell cycle arrest. By contrast, as the concentration of SchA used increases (20‑50 µM), cells underwent apoptosis and G2/M‑phase cell cycle a13rrest. As the treatment concentration of SchA increased from 0 to 50 µM, the expression of p53 and SOX4 protein also concomitantly increased, but the expression of p21 protein was increased by 10 µM SchA and decreased by higher concentrations (20‑50 µM). In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl‑like 11 (Bim)EL, BimL and BimS increased following SchA application. SchA induced the accumulation of acidic vesicles and induced a marked increase in the expression of LC3‑II protein, suggsting that SchA activated the autophagy pathway. However, the expression of the p62 protein was found to be increased by SchA, suggesting that p62 was not degraded during the autophagic flux. The 3‑methyladenine exerted no notable effects on SchA‑induced apoptosis. Taken together, results from the present study suggest that SchA exerted inhibitory effects on NSCLC physiology by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, SchA partially induced autophagy, which did not result in any cytoprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhai Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Wang Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Hongxu Sheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Cheng He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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17
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Cheng Z, Liu G, Huang C, Zhao X. KLF5 activates lncRNA DANCR and inhibits cancer cell autophagy accelerating gastric cancer progression. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:75. [PMID: 34548487 PMCID: PMC8455684 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell autophagy has been associated with the progression of gastric cancer (GC), but involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) remains unclear. Initial bioinformatics analysis has identified abnormally highly expressed KLF5 in GC, as well as the predicted regulatory mechanism associating with lncRNA DANCR, miR-194, and AKT2. The expression of KLF5, DANCR, and AKT2 in GC tissue was upregulated, and the expression of miR-194 was downregulated. We knocked KLF5 down and manipulated the expression of DANCR, miR-194, and AKT2 to characterize their roles in GC cell viability, autophagy, and apoptosis. The mechanistic investigations revealed that KLF5 activated the transcription of DANCR in the promoter region and elevated its expression. DANCR acted as a miR-194 sponge to repress its expression in GC. MiR-194 targeted and inhibited AKT2 expression. Silencing KLF5 augmented GC cell autophagy, apoptosis and impeded its viability through the DANCR/miR-194/AKT2 axis. The tumor-inhibiting properties of KLF5 knockdown were substantiated in vivo. Together, our study uncovered the oncogenic role of KLF5-dependent lncRNA DANCR transcription in GC in vivo and in vitro, which implicates the miR-194/AKT2 axis in tumor growth regulation, and it may be a potential therapeutic target for human GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Hospital Afiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, 225300, PR China
| | - Guiyuan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Hospital Afiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, 225300, PR China
| | - Chuanjiang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Hospital Afiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, 225300, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Hospital Afiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital), Taizhou, 225300, PR China.
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18
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Xu J, Pan Y, Liu Y, Na S, Zhou H, Li L, Chen F, Song H. A review of anti-tumour effects of ginsenoside in gastrointestinal cancer. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1292-1301. [PMID: 33836068 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastrointestinal cancer, one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths in the world, refers to malignant conditions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and other organs. Although conventional therapy has been successful to some extent in cancer treatment, drug resistance and cancer recurrence still limit the therapeutic efficacy. There is increasing evidence indicating that ginsenoside, as a kind of high nutritional value and widely used traditional Chinese medicine, could contribute to the promotion of treatment in GI cancer, which deserves further investigation. KEY FINDINGS Based on previous studies, the possible mechanisms mainly include regulation of autophagy, apoptosis, proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. However, no studies recently have conducted a more in-depth review of the anti-cancer effects of ginsenoside in GI cancer. SUMMARY Therefore, this review will summarise and analyse the latest developments in the anti-tumour effects of ginsenosides in GI cancer, thus may promote further research of the anti-tumour efficacy of ginsenoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yunxia Pan
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Sha Na
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Fengyuan Chen
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Hang Song
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
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19
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Gong YZ, Ma H, Ruan GT, Zhu LC, Liao XW, Wang S, Yan L, Huang W, Huang KT, Xie H, Zhu GZ, Wang XK, Liao C, Gao F. Diagnosis and prognostic value of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 in colon adenocarcinoma based on The Cancer Genome Atlas and Guangxi cohort. J Cancer 2021; 12:5506-5518. [PMID: 34405013 PMCID: PMC8364656 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective was to identify and validate C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1(CXCL1) for diagnosis and prognosis in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). Methods: Our current study had enrolled one The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and two Guangxi cohorts to identify and verify the diagnostic and prognostic values of CXCL1 in COAD. Functional enrichment was performed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results: In TCGA cohort, the expression of CXCL1 was significantly up-regulated in tumor tissues and decreased as the tumor stage developed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that CXCL1 had a high diagnostic value for COAD. The result of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that CXCL1 gene expression (P=0.045) was significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) of COAD. Results of Guangxi cohort also verified the diagnostic value of CXCL1 in COAD, and sub-group survival analyses also suggested that patients with high CXCL1 expression were related to a favorable OS (Corrected P=0.005). GSEA revealed that CXCL1 high expression phenotype was related to cytokine activity, cell apoptosis, P53 regulation pathway, and regulation of autophagy in COAD. Conclusions: In this study, we found that CXCL1 gene might be a potential diagnostic biomarker for COAD, and might serve as a prognostic biomarker for specific subgroup of COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Gong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Tian Ruan
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Chen Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Wen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Tuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailun Xie
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Zhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Kun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Cun Liao
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
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20
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Dysregulation of lncRNA in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6911734. [PMID: 34337048 PMCID: PMC8286195 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6911734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common cause of gastric cancer (GC). This microorganism is genetically diverse; GC is caused by several genetic deregulations in addition to environmental factors and bacterial virulence factors. lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) are significant biological macromolecules in GC, have specific functions in diseases, and could be therapeutic targets. Altered lncRNAs can lead to the abnormal expression of adjacent protein-coding genes, which may be important in cancer development. Their mechanisms have not been well understood, so we are going to investigate the risk of GC in a population with both high lncRNA and H. pylori infection.
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21
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Construction and Validation of an Autophagy-Related Prognostic Model for Osteosarcoma Patients. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:9943465. [PMID: 34194501 PMCID: PMC8181090 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9943465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While the prognostic value of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in OS patients remains scarcely known, increasing evidence is indicating that autophagy is closely associated with the development and progression of osteosarcoma (OS). Therefore, we explored the prognostic value of ARGs in OS patients and illuminate associated mechanisms in this study. When the OS patients in the training/validation cohort were stratified into high- and low-risk groups according to the risk model established using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, we observed that patients in the low-risk group possessed better prognosis (P < 0.0001). Univariate/Multivariate COX regression and subgroup analysis demonstrated that the ARGs-based risk model was an independent survival indicator for OS patients. The nomogram incorporating the risk model and clinical features exhibited excellent prognostic accuracy. GO, KEGG, and GSVA analyses collectively indicated that bone development-associated pathway mediated the contribution of ARGs to the malignance of OS. Immune infiltration analysis suggested the potential pivotal role of macrophage in OS. In summary, the risk model based on 12 ARGs possessed potent capacity in predicting the prognosis of OS patients. Our work may assist clinicians to map out more reasonable treatment strategies and facilitate individual-targeted therapy in osteosarcoma.
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22
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Wang H, Ye T, Cai Y, Chen W, Xie H, Ke C. Downregulation of Ascl2 promotes cell apoptosis by enhancing autophagy in colorectal cancer cells. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:630-638. [PMID: 34012655 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, according to recently published literature. While the incidence and the mortality of CRC has decreased due to effective cancer screening measures, there has been an increase in the number of young patients diagnosed with colon cancer due to unclear reasons. As a target molecule of the Wnt signaling pathway, Ascl2 is an important marker of CRC stem cells and plays an important role in maintaining the nature of colon cancer stem/precursor cells. However, the role of Ascl2 in autophagy in CRC cells is rarely elucidated. Methods In this study, we found that Ascl2 was increased in CRC compared with adjacent tissue. Downregulation of Ascl2 in CRC cells could suppress proliferation and invasion, and induce apoptosis, of CRC cells. Moreover, we found that autophagy-relative protein LC3 increased after Ascl2 knockdown. Furthermore, we treated CRC cells with autophagy inhibitors 3-MA (3-Methyladenine) and CQ (Chloroquine). Results The results showed that autophagy inhibitors could prevent apoptosis, which was induced by Ascl2 knockdown. Finally, we confirmed that the downregulation of Ascl2 in CRC cells could alleviate the pathological process in vivo by xenograft experiment. Conclusions Our findings indicated that si-Ascl2 (small/short interfering) exerted a tumor suppression function in CRC by inducing autophagic cell death, and suggest that Ascl2 targeted therapy represents a novel strategy for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuankun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongwei Ke
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Identification and Validation of a Prognostic Model Based on Three Autophagy-Related Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5564040. [PMID: 33778066 PMCID: PMC7979286 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5564040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Accumulating studies have demonstrated that autophagy plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to construct a prognostic model based on autophagy-related genes (ARGs) to predict the survival of HCC patients. Methods Differentially expressed ARGs were identified based on the expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and ARGs of the Human Autophagy Database. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify the prognosis-related ARGs. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to construct the prognostic model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Kaplan-Meier curve, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to test the prognostic value of the model. The prognostic value of the model was further confirmed by an independent data cohort obtained from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database. Results A total of 34 prognosis-related ARGs were selected from 62 differentially expressed ARGs identified in HCC compared with noncancer tissues. After analysis, a novel prognostic model based on ARGs (PRKCD, BIRC5, and ATIC) was constructed. The risk score divided patients into high- or low-risk groups, which had significantly different survival rates. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that the risk score was an independent risk factor for survival of HCC after adjusting for other conventional clinical parameters. ROC analysis showed that the predictive value of this model was better than that of other conventional clinical parameters. Moreover, the prognostic value of the model was further confirmed in an independent cohort from ICGC patients. Conclusion The prognosis-related ARGs could provide new perspectives on HCC, and the model should be helpful for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients.
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24
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Spirina LV, Avgustinovich AV, Afanas'ev SG, Cheremisina OV, Volkov MY, Choynzonov EL, Gorbunov AK, Usynin EA. Molecular Mechanism of Resistance to Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancers, the Role of Autophagy. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:713-721. [PMID: 31775598 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191127113854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is biologically and genetically heterogeneous with complex carcinogenesis at the molecular level. Despite the application of multiple approaches in the GC treatment, its 5-year survival is poor. A major limitation of anti-cancer drugs application is intrinsic or acquired resistance, especially to chemotherapeutical agents. It is known that the effectiveness of chemotherapy remains debatable and varies according to the molecular type of GC. Chemotherapy has an established role in the management of GC. Perioperative chemotherapy or postoperative chemotherapy is applied for localized ones. Most of the advanced GC patients have a poor response to treatment and unfavorable outcomes with standard therapies. Resistance substantially limits the depth and duration of clinical responses to targeted anticancer therapies. Through the use of complementary experimental approaches, investigators have revealed that cancer cells can achieve resistance through adaptation or selection driven by specific genetic, epigenetic, or microenvironmental alterations. Ultimately, these diverse alterations often lead to the activation of MAPK, AKT/mTOR, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways that, when co-opted, enable cancer cells to survive drug treatments. We have summarized the mechanisms of resistance development to cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and multidrug resistance in the GC management. The complexity of molecular targets and components of signaling cascades altered in the resistance development results in the absence of significant benefits in GC treatment, and its efficacy remains low. The universal process responsible for the failure in the multimodal approach in GC treatment is autophagy. Its dual role in oncogenesis is the most unexplored issue. We have discussed the possible mechanism of autophagy regulation upon the action of endogenous factors and drugs. The experimental data obtained in the cultured GC cells need further verification. To overcome the cancer resistance and to prevent autophagy as the main reason of ineffective treatment, it is suggested the concept of the direct influence of autophagy molecular markers followed by the standard chemotherapy. Dozen of studies have focused on finding the rationale for the benefits of such complex therapy. The perspectives in the molecular-based management of GC are associated with the development of molecular markers predicting the protective autophagy initiation and search for novel targets of effective anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila V Spirina
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Koopertivny street, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation.,Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra V Avgustinovich
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Koopertivny street, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey G Afanas'ev
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Koopertivny street, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Cheremisina
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Koopertivny street, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim Yu Volkov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Koopertivny street, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny L Choynzonov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Koopertivny street, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation.,Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey K Gorbunov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Koopertivny street, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny A Usynin
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Koopertivny street, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation.,Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovsky trakt, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
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25
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Zhang N, Hu X, Du Y, Du J. The role of miRNAs in colorectal cancer progression and chemoradiotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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26
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Wang H, Sun G, Xu P, Lv J, Zhang X, Zhang L, Wang S, Cao J, Xia Y, Xuan Z, Li B, Huang X, Jiang T, Fang L, Xu Z. Circular RNA TMEM87A promotes cell proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer by elevating ULK1 via sponging miR-142-5p. J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:125-138. [PMID: 33155080 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-020-01744-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as vital regulators of gene expression in a variety of cancers. However, the role of circRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unexplored. Herein, we identified that circTMEM87A sponges miR-142-5p to promote GC progression through up-regulating ULK1 expression. METHODS The expression of circTMEM87A in GC was determined by RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The effects of knockdown or exogenous expression of circTMEM87A on GC cell phenotypes were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The interacting miRNA of circTMEM87A was predicted by bioinformatics and confirmed by RNA pull-down, dual-luciferase reporter assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The mechanism by which circTMEM87A/miR-142-5p/ULK1 axis promotes GC was determined by western blot, GFP/mRFP-LC3 puncta analysis, transmission electron microscope (TEM). RESULTS CircTMEM87A was dramatically elevated in GC tissues and cell lines, and high circTMEM87A expression was closely correlated with poor prognosis of GC patients. Knockdown of circTMEM87A suppressed cell growth, migration, invasion and induced apoptosis in vitro, as well as inhibited GC tumorigenicity and lung metastasis potential in vivo. Meanwhile, circTMEM87A overexpression had the opposite effects. Furthermore, we demonstrated that circTMEM87A could act as a sponge of miR-142-5p to regulate ULK1 expression and GC progression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that circTMEM87A functions as an oncogene through the miR-142-5p/ULK1 axis in GC. CircTMEM87A might be a prognostic biomarker as well as a promising therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangli Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Penghui Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jialun Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiacheng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwen Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhe Xuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianlu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lang Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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27
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Sharma T, Radosevich JA, Mandal CC. Dual Role of microRNAs in Autophagy of Colorectal Cancer. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:56-66. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200519075908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that eliminates unwanted proteins out of
the cell and increases cell survival. However, dysfunctional autophagy is associated with cancer progression,
cellular adaptation, cancer metastasis and makes it an attractive therapeutic target. MicroRNAs
(miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules that usually bind to 3’UTR of
mRNAs. This interaction eventually inhibits protein synthesis by repressing translation and/or by degrading
mRNAs. miRNAs play a crucial role in the regulation of autophagy and also behave as both
tumor suppressors and promoters in colorectal cancer. This paper defines an overall molecular view of
how miRNAs regulate the dual role of autophagy in colorectal cancer. It also highlights how long noncoding
RNAs modulate miRNAs expression to regulate autophagy in colorectal cancer. Thus, targeting
autophagy by miRNAs seems to be a potential therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - James A. Radosevich
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, 60612, Illinois, United States
| | - Chandi C. Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
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28
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Liu TT, Liu SM. Prediction of Prognostic Biomarkers and Construction of an Autophagy Prognostic Model for Colorectal Cancer Using Bioinformatics. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820984177. [PMID: 33357130 PMCID: PMC7780303 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820984177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing every year, and autophagy may be related closely to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Autophagy is a natural catabolic mechanism that allows the degradation of cellular components in eukaryotic cells. However, autophagy plays a dual role in tumorigenesis. It not only promotes normal cell survival and tumor growth but also induces cell death and suppresses tumors survival. In addition, the pathogenesis of various conditions, including inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, or tumors, is associated with abnormal autophagy. The present work aimed to examine the significance of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in prognosis prediction, to construct an autophagy prognostic model, and to identify independent prognostic factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: This study discovered a total of 36 ARGs in CRC cases using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Autophagy-dedicated (HADd) databases along with functional enrichment analysis. Then, an autophagy prognostic model was constructed using univariate Cox regression analysis, and the key prognostic genes were screened. Finally, independent prognostic markers were determined through independent prognostic analysis and clinical correlation analysis of key genes. Results: Of the 36 differentially expressed ARGs, 13 were related to prognosis, as determined by univariate Cox regression analysis. A total of 6 key genes were obtained by a multivariate Cox regression analysis. Independent prognostic values were shown by 3 genes, namely, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3C), small GTPase superfamily and Rab family (RAB7A), and WD-repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 (WIPI2) by independent prognostic analysis and clinical correlation. Conclusions: In this study, molecular bioinformatics technology was employed to determine and construct a prognostic model of autophagy for colon cancer patients, which revealed 3 autophagy-related features, namely, MAP1LC3C, WIPI2, and RAB7A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Liu
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shu-Min Liu
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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29
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Xu JL, Yuan L, Tang YC, Xu ZY, Xu HD, Cheng XD, Qin JJ. The Role of Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Chemoresistance: Friend or Foe? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:621428. [PMID: 33344463 PMCID: PMC7744622 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.621428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Drug resistance is the main inevitable and vital factor leading to a low 5-year survival rate for patients with gastric cancer. Autophagy, as a highly conserved homeostatic pathway, is mainly regulated by different proteins and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and plays dual roles in drug resistance of gastric cancer. Thus, targeting key regulatory nodes in the process of autophagy by small molecule inhibitors or activators has become one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of gastric cancer in recent years. In this review, we provide a systematic summary focusing on the relationship between autophagy and chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer. We comprehensively discuss the roles and molecular mechanisms of multiple proteins and the emerging ncRNAs including miRNAs and lncRNAs in the regulation of autophagy pathways and gastric cancer chemoresistance. We also summarize the regulatory effects of autophagy inhibitor and activators on gastric cancer chemoresistance. Understanding the vital roles of autophagy in gastric cancer chemoresistance will provide novel opportunities to develop promising therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Li Xu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tsai, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han-Dong Xu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Cheng
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Sun G, Li Z, He Z, Wang W, Wang S, Zhang X, Cao J, Xu P, Wang H, Huang X, Xia Y, Lv J, Xuan Z, Jiang T, Fang L, Yang J, Zhang D, Xu H, Xu Z. Circular RNA MCTP2 inhibits cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer by miR-99a-5p-mediated induction of MTMR3 expression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:246. [PMID: 33198772 PMCID: PMC7670601 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01758-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Cisplatin (CDDP) is the first-line chemotherapy for gastric cancer (GC). The poor prognosis of GC patients is partially due to the development of CDDP resistance. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subclass of noncoding RNAs that function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges. The role of circRNAs in CDDP resistance in GC has not been evaluated. Methods RNA sequencing was used to identify the differentially expressed circRNAs between CDDP-resistant and CDDP-sensitive GC cells. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of circMCTP2 in GC tissues. The effects of circMCTP2 on CDDP resistance were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Pull-down assays and luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm the interactions among circMCTP2, miR-99a-5p, and myotubularin-related protein 3 (MTMR3). The protein expression levels of MTMR3 were detected by western blotting. Autophagy was evaluated by confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results CircMCTP2 was downregulated in CDDP-resistant GC cells and tissues compared to CDDP-sensitive GC cells and tissues. A high level of circMCTP2 was found to be a favorable factor for the prognosis of patients with GC. CircMCTP2 inhibited proliferation while promoting apoptosis of CDDP-resistant GC cells in response to CDDP treatment. CircMCTP2 was also found to reduce autophagy in CDDP-resistant GC cells. MiR-99a-5p was verified to be sponged by circMCTP2. Inhibition of miR-99a-5p could sensitize GC cells to CDDP. MTMR3 was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-99a-5p. Knockdown of MTMR3 reversed the effects of circMCTP2 on the proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of CDDP-resistant GC cells. CircMCTP2 was also confirmed to inhibit CDDP resistance in vivo in a nude mouse xenograft model. Conclusions CircMCTP2 sensitizes GC to CDDP through the upregulation of MTMR3 by sponging miR-99a-5p. Overexpression of CircMCTP2 could be a new therapeutic strategy for counteracting CDDP resistance in GC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-020-01758-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Jiacheng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Penghui Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Haixiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Xiaoxu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Yiwen Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Jialun Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Zhe Xuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Tianlu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Lang Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Diancai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China.
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Pourhanifeh MH, Vosough M, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Hashemipour M, Nejati M, Abbasi-Kolli M, Sahebkar A, Mirzaei H. Autophagy-related microRNAs: Possible regulatory roles and therapeutic potential in and gastrointestinal cancers. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zou H, Sun J, Wu B, Yuan Y, Gu J, Bian J, Liu X, Liu Z. Effects of Cadmium and/or Lead on Autophagy and Liver Injury in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:206-215. [PMID: 32006201 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) can induce liver damage. However, the effects of the combined exposure to Cd and Pb on liver function have not been fully clarified. In the present study, we investigated the liver function in rats co-exposed to Cd and Pb. A total of 24 female SD rats were divided into 4 groups as follows: control group (DDW), Cd group (50 mg/l Cd), Pb group (300 mg/l Pb), Pb + Cd group (300 mg/l + 50 mg/l Cd). Following 12 weeks of continuous exposure, the results showed a large accumulation of Cd and Pb in the liver. The Liver weight and Liver coefficient were decreased, as well as liver structure and function was destroyed. In addition, Pb + Cd group exhibited additional pathological alterations. Moreover, the indices of oxidative stress and related trace elements were detected following treatment. The results showed that the single treatment of Pb or Cd and the combined Cd and Pb treatment could upregulate the contents of antioxidant enzymes and related trace elements. We further examined the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins and mRNAs, and we found that the single treatment of Pb or Cd and the combined Cd and Pb treatment could upregulate the expression of levels of autophagy-related proteins and mRNAs (Atg5, Atg7, Beclin-1, p62, and LC3). Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of autophagosomes in the exposed groups. All the results indicated that Cd and Pb may affect the level of oxidative stress and autophagy in hepatocytes, whereas the combination of Cd and Pb showed a tendency of escalation compared with the single treatment group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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Qin Y, Sun W, Wang Z, Dong W, He L, Zhang T, Shao L, Zhang H. ATF2-Induced lncRNA GAS8-AS1 Promotes Autophagy of Thyroid Cancer Cells by Targeting the miR-187-3p/ATG5 and miR-1343-3p/ATG7 Axes. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:584-600. [PMID: 33230459 PMCID: PMC7562962 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an essential regulatory role in multiple cancers. However, the role of lncRNAs in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is still unknown. Here, GAS8-AS1, a novel lncRNA that is significantly downregulated in PTC, was selected for further investigation. The roles of GAS8-AS1 in PTC cells were verified by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. The functional mechanism of GAS8-AS1 on the microRNA (miR)-187-3p/ATG5 axis and miR-1343-3p/ATG7 axis in PTC cells was evaluated using bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, immunohistochemistry analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence. We found that GAS8-AS1 was downregulated in PTC tissues and cell lines. In patients with PTC, low GAS8-AS1 expression was associated with higher tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and lymph node metastasis (LNM). Functionally, GAS8-AS1 significantly promoted autophagy and inhibited PTC cell proliferation in vitro and promoted tumorigenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, GAS8-AS1 acted as a sponge of miR-187-3p and miR-1343-3p and upregulated ATG5 and ATG7 expression, respectively. The transcription factor ATF2 regulated GAS8-AS1 by binding to the GAS8-AS1 promoter. In conclusion, upregulation of ATF2 activated GAS8-AS1-promoted autophagy of PTC cells by sponging oncogenic miR-187-3p and miR-1343-3p and upregulating the expression of ATG5 and ATG7, respectively, making GAS8-AS1 a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P. R. China
| | - Wenwu Dong
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P. R. China
| | - Liang He
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P. R. China
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P. R. China
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Zhao E, Feng L, Bai L, Cui H. NUCKS promotes cell proliferation and suppresses autophagy through the mTOR-Beclin1 pathway in gastric cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:194. [PMID: 32958058 PMCID: PMC7504682 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate (NUCKS), a novel gene first reported in 2001, is a member of the high mobility group (HMG) family. Although very little is known regarding the biological roles of NUCKS, emerging clinical evidence suggests that the NUCKS protein can be used as a biomarker and therapeutic target in various human ailments, including several types of cancer. Methods We first assessed the potential correlation between NUCKS expression and gastric cancer prognosis. Then functional experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of NUCKS in cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and autophagy. Finally, the roles of NUCKS on gastric cancer were examined in vivo. Results We found that NUCKS was overexpressed in gastric cancer patients with poor prognosis. Through manipulating NUCKS expression, it was observed to be positively associated with cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. NUCKS knockdown could induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Then further investigation indicated that NUCKS knockdown could also significantly induce a marked increase in autophagy though the mTOR-Beclin1 pathway, which could be was rescued by NUCKS restoration. Moreover, silencing Beclin1 in NUCKS knockdown cells or adding rapamycin in NUCKS-overexpressed cells also confirmed these results. Conclusions Our findings revealed that NUCKS functions as an oncogene and an inhibitor of autophagy in gastric cancer. Thus, the downregulation or inhibition of NUCKS may be a potential therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health (Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute), Chongqing, 400020, China.,Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Liying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Longchang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Westa College, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health (Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute), Chongqing, 400020, China. .,Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Long J, He Q, Yin Y, Lei X, Li Z, Zhu W. The effect of miRNA and autophagy on colorectal cancer. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12900. [PMID: 32914514 PMCID: PMC7574865 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become a concern because of its high recurrence rate and metastasis rate, low early diagnosis rate and poor therapeutic effect. At present, various studies have shown that autophagy is closely connected with the occurrence and progression of CRC. Autophagy is a highly cytosolic catabolic process involved in lysosomes in biological evolution. Cells degrade proteins and damaged organelles by autophagy to achieve material circulation and maintain cell homeostasis. Moreover, microRNAs are key regulators of autophagy, and their mediated regulation of transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels plays an important role in autophagy in CRC cells. This review focuses on the recent research advances of how autophagy and related microRNAs are involved in affecting occurrence and progression of CRC and provides a new perspective for the study of CRC treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Long
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Department of Pathology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinglian He
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuting Yin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xue Lei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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36
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Wang Z, Jin J. LncRNA SLCO4A1-AS1 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation by enhancing autophagy via miR-508-3p/PARD3 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4876-4889. [PMID: 31308265 PMCID: PMC6682525 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expressions of various long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been involved in the progression and pathogenesis of various carcinomas. However, the expression and biological function of SLCO4A1-AS1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain poorly understood. Gain- and loss-of-function assays were applied to determine the roles of SLCO4A1-AS1 in autophagy and CRC progression. qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH) results showed that SLCO4A1-AS1 was positively associated with PARD3 expression in CRC tissues. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that SLCO4A1-AS1 knockdown repressed cytoprotective autophagy as assayed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and inhibited cell proliferation by directly targeting partition-defective 3 (PARD3). Mechanistically, SLCO4A1-AS1 acted as a sponge of miR-508-3p, leading to upregulation of PARD3 and promotion of CRC cell proliferation. The current study demonstrates that the SLCO4A1-AS1/miR-508-3p/PARD3/autophagy pathway play a critical role in CRC cell proliferation, and might provide novel targets for developing therapeutic strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Jianjun Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
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37
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Fu X, Tan T, Liu P. Regulation of Autophagy by Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4595-4604. [PMID: 32606952 PMCID: PMC7305821 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s253345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death, placing a substantial global health burden. The development of the most effective treatment regimen is the unmet clinical need for cancer. Inflammation plays a role in tumorigenesis and progression, and anti-inflammation may be a promising option for cancer management and prevention. Emerging studies have shown that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) display anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive properties through the regulation of autophagy in certain types of cancer. In this review, we summarize the pharmacological functions and side effects of NSAIDs as chemotherapeutic agents, and focus on its mode of action on autophagy regulation, which increases our knowledge of NSAIDs and cancer-related inflammation, and contributes to a putative addition of NSAIDs in the chemoprevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Fu
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center and Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tan Tan
- Translational Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
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38
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Mo S, Dai W, Xiang W, Li Y, Feng Y, Zhang L, Li Q, Cai G. Prognostic and predictive value of an autophagy-related signature for early relapse in stages I-III colon cancer. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:861-870. [PMID: 30933267 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We postulated that expression differences of autophagy-related genes are instrumental in stratifying the risk of early relapse after surgery and evaluating the prognosis of patients with stages I-III colon cancer. Therefore, propensity score matching analysis was performed between patients in early relapse group and long-term survival group from GSE39582 test series and internal validation series. Using Cox regression model, a nine-autophagy-related signature (CAPN2, ATG16L2, TP63, SIRT1, RPS6KB1, PEX3, ATG5, UVRAG, NAF1) was established to classify patients into those at high risk of early relapse (high-risk group), and those at low risk of early relapse (low-risk group). Relapse-free survival (RFS) was significantly different between the two groups in test [hazard ratio (HR): 2.019, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.362-2.992, P < 0.001], internal validation (HR: 2.464, 95% CI: 1.196-5.079, P < 0.001) and another two external validation series (GSE14333-HR: 2.250, 95% CI: 1.227-4.126, P = 0.007; GSE33113-HR: 5.552, 95% CI: 2.098-14.693, P < 0.001). Then, based on RFS, we developed a nomogram, integrating the nine-autophagy-related classifier and four clinicopathological risk factors to evaluate prognosis of stages I-III colon cancer patients. Time-dependent receiver operating curve at 2 years showed that the integrated signature (area under curve = 0.758) had better prognostic accuracy than American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM stage (area under curve = 0.620). In conclusion, we identified and built a nine-autophagy-related signature, a credible approach to early relapse prediction in stages I-III colon cancer patients, which can assist physicians in devising more efficient therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Mo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Dai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqiang Xiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingguo Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chang X, Yang MF, Fan W, Wang LS, Yao J, Li ZS, Li DF. Bioinformatic Analysis Suggests That Three Hub Genes May Be a Vital Prognostic Biomarker in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J Comput Biol 2020; 27:1595-1609. [PMID: 32216644 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide due to its ineffective diagnosis and poor prognosis. It is essential to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PDAC to gain new insights into its underlying molecular mechanisms, as well as identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. We screened 135 DEGs from the GSE15417, GSE16515, and GSE28735 PDAC and normal pancreatic tissue microarray data sets, and identified 16 DEGs that were correlated with PDAC prognosis through the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests. The Cancer Genome Atlas and Oncomine databases validated the expression levels of 16 candidate genes (SLC6A14, GPRC5A, IFI27, ERP27, SDR16C5, SIDT2, TCN1, COL12A1, MMP1, CEACAM6, DKK1, ITGA2, KRT19, PLAU, ANO1, and GABRP). Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein and protein interaction (PPI) analysis identified three hub genes-ERP27, ITGA2, and MMP1-that are likely important in PDAC prognosis. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis demonstrated that they were enriched in functions of extracellular matrix organization, extracellular structure organization, and positive regulation of cell migration. Taken together, we identified three pivotal genes for PDAC, which can improve our understanding of its pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Feng Yang
- Departments of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 2nd Clinical Medicine College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 2nd Clinical Medicine College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhao-Shen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 2nd Clinical Medicine College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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The Prognostic Value of Autophagy-Related Markers Bclin-1 and LC-3 in Colorectal Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8475840. [PMID: 32280357 PMCID: PMC7125475 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8475840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective At present, the relationship between autophagosomes and the prognosis of various cancers has become a subject of active investigation. A series of studies have demonstrated the correlation between autophagy microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC-3), Beclin-1, and colorectal cancer (CRC). Since autophagy has dual regulatory roles in tumors, the results of this correlation are also uncertain. Hence, we summarized the relationship between Beclin-1, LC-3, and CRC using systematic reviews and meta-analysis to clarify their prognostic significance in it. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched online up to April 1, 2019. The quality of the involving studies was assessed against the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in a fixed or random effects model were used to assess the strength of correlation between Beclin-1, LC-3, and CRC. Results A total of 9 articles were collected, involving 2,297 patients. Most literatures scored more than 6 points, suggesting that the quality of our including research was acceptable. Our finding suggested that the expression of Beclin-1 was not associated with overall survival (HR = 0.68, 95% CI (0.31–1.52), P=0.351). Nonetheless, LC-3 expression exerted significant impact on OS (HR = 0.51, 95% CI (0.35–0.74), P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis exhibited that Beclin-1 expression was associated with OS at TNM stage III (HR = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.02–0.08, P < 0.05), surgical treatment (HR = 1.53, 95% CI (1.15–2.02), P=0.003), and comprehensive treatment (HR = 0.27 95% CI (0.08–0.92), P=0.036), respectively. Similarly, the results showed the increased LC-3 expression in CRC was related to OS in multivariate analyses (HR = 0.44, 95% CI (0.34–0.57), P < 0.05), stages (HR = 0.51, 95% CI (0.35–0.74), P < 0.05), and comprehensive treatment (HR = 0.44, 95% CI (0.34–0.57), P < 0.05). Conclusions Autophagy-related proteins of LC-3 might be an important marker of CRC progression. However, since the number of the original studies was limited, more well-designed, large-scale, high-quality studies are warranted to provide more convincing and reliable information.
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Interaction between DNA damage response and autophagy in colorectal cancer. Gene 2020; 730:144323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mármol I, Castellnou P, Alvarez R, Gimeno MC, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ, Cerrada E. Alkynyl Gold(I) complexes derived from 3-hydroxyflavones as multi-targeted drugs against colon cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111661. [PMID: 31546196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The design of multi-targeted drugs has gained considerable interest in the last decade thanks to their advantages in the treatment of different diseases, including cancer. The simultaneous inhibition of selected targets from cancerous cells to induce their death represents an attractive objective for the medicinal chemist in order to enhance the efficiency of chemotherapy. In the present work, several alkynyl gold(I) phosphane complexes derived from 3-hydroxyflavones active against three human cancer cell lines, colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2/TC7, breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, have been synthesized and characterized. Moreover, these compounds display high selective index values towards differentiated Caco-2 cells, which are considered as a model of non-cancerous cells. The antiproliferative effect of the most active complexes [Au(L2b)PPh3] (3b) and [Au(L2c)PTA] (4c) on Caco-2 cells, seems to be mediated by the inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-1/2 and alteration of the activities of the redox enzymes thioredoxin reductase and glutathione reductase. Both complexes triggered cell death by apoptosis, alterations in cell cycle progression and increased of ROS production. These results provide support for the suggestion that multi-targeting approach involving the interaction with cyclooxygenase-1/2 and the redox enzymes that increases ROS production, enhances cell death in vitro. All these results indicate that complexes [Au(L2b)PPh3] and [Au(L2c)PTA] are promising antiproliferative agents for further anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Mármol
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Unidad de Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERobn, IIS Aragón, IA2, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Castellnou
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Alvarez
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Unidad de Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERobn, IIS Aragón, IA2, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Unidad de Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERobn, IIS Aragón, IA2, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Elena Cerrada
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Martyna B, Małgorzata MW, Nikola Z, Beniamin G, Urszula M, Grażyna J. Expression Profile of Genes Associated with the Proteins Degradation Pathways in Colorectal adenocarcinoma. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:551-561. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190516090744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Changes in expression of genes associated with proteins or organelles degradation system in the cell may be a cause or signal to carcinogenesis. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the profile of gene expression linked to the degradation systems of proteins or organelles in histo-pathologically confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma in relation to normal colon tissue.Methods:Using oligonucleotide microarrays and GeneSpring 13.0, and PANTHER 13.1 software’s we characterized 1095 mRNAs linked to the degradation system of proteins and organelles in sections of colorectal cancer from patients at various clinical stages of disease. Subsequent analyses with restrictive assumptions narrowed down the number of genes differentiating cancer, assuming a P-value of less than 0.05.Results:We found that most of the significant genes were silenced in the development of colorectal cancer. The FOXO1 had the lowest fold change value in the first clinical stage (CSI) comparing to the control. The HSPA8 was up-regulated in the two early clinical stages (CSI and CSII), and UBB only in the CSI. Only little-known PTPN22 showed increasing expression at all stages.Conclusion:In summary, the examined colorectal adenocarcinoma samples were characterized by almost complete silencing of the significant genes associated with the degradation of proteins and mitochondria in transcriptomic level. The FOXO1, HSPA8 and UBB genes may become potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets in the early stage of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bednarczyk Martyna
- Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Muc-Wierzgoń Małgorzata
- Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zmarzły Nikola
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy and the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grabarek Beniamin
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy and the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mazurek Urszula
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy and the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Janikowska Grażyna
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Chen X, Yu X, Shen E. Overexpression of CDKN2B is involved in poor gastric cancer prognosis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19825-19831. [PMID: 31297846 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation is to elucidate the clinical significance of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (CDKN2B) expression regarding gastric cancer (GC), as well as to detect the involvement of CDKN2B expression in the clinicopathological indexes and prognosis of GC. Immunohistochemical analysis was used for identification of CDKN2B expression in GC specimens. Chi-square (χ2 ) test was applied to detect the association of CDKN2B expression and clinicopathological parameters of GC. The involvement of CDKN2B expression in the prognosis was analyzed via univariate and multivariate analysis. It was indicated that relative to the corresponding para-carcinoma tissues, CDKN2B expression was notably upregulated in GC specimens. Moreover, the expression of CDKN2B was strongly correlated with the differentiation (r = -0.182; P = .015), invasion (r = -0.157; P = .038), distant metastases (r = -0.196; P = .004), and TNM stage (r = -0.204; P = .005). Nevertheless, no remarkable variance was related to age, tumor loci, or sex. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and univariate analysis showed that CDKN2B overexpression predicted poorer disease-free survival (P = .007) and overall survival (P = .005) in those with GC. In addition, Cox proportional hazards regression model revealed that CDKN2B was an isolated biomarker of disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with GC. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the overexpression of CDKN2B could be an isolated factor for GC prognostic in patients. CDKN2B gene may be a useful target and new treatment for improving the prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingtong Yu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Enjian Shen
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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Ieni A, Cardia R, Giuffrè G, Rigoli L, Caruso RA, Tuccari G. Immunohistochemical Expression of Autophagy-Related Proteins in Advanced Tubular Gastric Adenocarcinomas and Its Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030389. [PMID: 30893939 PMCID: PMC6468613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In neoplastic conditions, autophagy may act as a tumor suppressor avoiding the accumulation of damaged proteins and organelles or as a mechanism of cell survival promoting the tumor growth. Although ultrastructural analysis has been considered the traditional method to identify autophagy, some proteins such as microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3A/B), Beclin-1 and activating molecule in Beclin-1-regulated autophagy protein-1 (AMBRA-1) may be considered as markers of autophagy-assisted cancerogenesis. Herein, we analyzed a cohort of advanced tubular gastric adenocarcinomas by the abovementioned immunohistochemical antisera; through immunohistochemistry, autophagy (A-IHC) is diagnosed when at least two out of the three proteins are positive in the samples. Immunostaining for LC3A/B, Beclin-1, and AMBRA-1 was exclusively found in neoplastic elements, but not in surrounding stromal cells. In detail, LC3A/B and Beclin 1 were expressed both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of the cancer cells, while AMBRA-1 was preferentially localized in the nucleus, mainly in high grade cases. LC3A/B, Beclin 1, and AMBRA-1 expression were positive in 18 (56.2%), 17 (53.1%), and 12 (37.5%) cases, respectively. The sensibility and specificity of LC3A/B and Beclin-1 ranged from 81.25% to 93.75%, with high efficiency (90.63%) for Beclin-1. Moreover, the ultrastructural autophagic index (AI) was also available in all cases. All high-grade cases documented a Ki-67 labelling index (LI) ≥ 30%, even if three low-grade cases revealed a high Ki-67 value; p53 positivity was encountered in 21/32 (65.62%) of cases, independently of the tumor grade. A statistically significant correlation among A-IHC and clinicopathological parameters such as grade, stage, clinical course, Ki-67 LI and AI was revealed. Univariate analysis documented a significant p-value for the same autophagic variables. Additionally, multivariate survival analysis identified the grade, AI and A-IHC as independent significant variables. Finally, the overall survival curves of all cases of gastric tubular adenocarcinoma were greatly dependent on A-IHC. Therefore, we suggest that autophagic-related proteins might be considered promising predictive prognostic factors of advanced gastric cancer. Further investigations may be required to determine whether new targeted therapies should be addressed to autophagy-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Roberta Cardia
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Giuffrè
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Luciana Rigoli
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosario Alberto Caruso
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98123 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98123 Messina, Italy.
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Zhang Y, Liu S, Feng Q, Huang X, Wang X, Peng Y, Zhao Z, Liu Z. Perilaldehyde activates AMP-activated protein kinase to suppress the growth of gastric cancer via induction of autophagy. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1716-1725. [PMID: 30378150 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Perillaldehyde (PAH), one of the major oil components in Perilla frutescens, is very critical to health maintenance, for a wide range of human chronic diseases, including cancers. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been implicated in the activation of autophagy in distinct tissues. This study was designed to explore whether PAH prevents gastric cancer growth and to investigate the molecular mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS In cultured mouse gastric cancer cell line MFCs and human gastric cancer cell lines GC9811-P, PAH activated AMPK by increasing the Thr172 phosphorylation and activity in a time-/concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, incubation of MFCs with PAH also increased autophagy as determined by monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, which was reversed by AMPK inhibitor compound C. PAH further decreased MFCs cell survival, which was abolished by compound C or autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA). In vivo studies indicated that 4-week administration of PAH (100 mg/kg/day) suppressed the growth of gastric cancer and increased the levels of autophagy-related proteins, including beclin-1, LC3-II, cathepsin, caspase-3, p53, and cathepsin in tumors isolated from the xenograft model of gastric cancer in mice. Moreover, these anticancer effects produced by PAH were abolished by coadministration of compound C or 3-MA in vivo. CONCLUSIONS PAH increases AMPK phosphorylation and activity to induce gastric cancer cell autophagy to inhibit the growth of gastric cancer. In perspective, therapy of PAH should be applied to treat patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital (People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Suosi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital (People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital (People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiuyun Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital (People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital (People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ya Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital (People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital (People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital (People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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The Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathways and Their Emerging Roles in Modulating Proteostasis in Tumors. Cells 2018; 8:cells8010004. [PMID: 30577555 PMCID: PMC6356230 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal physiological condition, the maintenance of cellular proteostasis is a prerequisite for cell growth, functioning, adapting to changing micro-environments, and responding to extracellular stress. Cellular proteostasis is maintained by specific proteostasis networks (PNs) to prevent protein misfolding, aggregating, and accumulating in subcellular compartments. Commonly, the PNs are composed of protein synthesis, molecular chaperones, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), unfolded protein response (UPR), stress response pathways (SRPs), secretions, ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), and autophagy-lysosomal pathways (ALPs). Although great efforts have been made to explore the underlying detailed mechanisms of proteostasis, there are many questions remain to explore, especially in proteostasis regulated by the ALPs. Proteostasis out-off-balance is correlated with various human diseases such as diabetes, stroke, inflammation, hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Enhanced regulation of PNs is observed in tumors, thereby indicating that proteostasis may play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and cancer development. Recently, inhibitors targeting the UPS have shown to be failed in solid tumor treatment. However, there is growing evidence showing that the ALPs play important roles in regulation of proteostasis alone or with a crosstalk with other PNs in tumors. In this review, we provide insights into the proteostatic process and how it is regulated by the ALPs, such as macroautophagy, aggrephagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy, microautophagy, as well as mitophagy during tumor development.
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Zhang X, Li Z, Xuan Z, Xu P, Wang W, Chen Z, Wang S, Sun G, Xu J, Xu Z. Novel role of miR-133a-3p in repressing gastric cancer growth and metastasis via blocking autophagy-mediated glutaminolysis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:320. [PMID: 30572959 PMCID: PMC6302516 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy plays a crucial role in sustaining the homeostasis in various malignant diseases. It has also been reported to promote tumor development in multiple cancers. Glutaminolysis instead of Warburg Effect produce adequate ATP and provide nitrogen and carbon to replenish the TCA cycle which has been discovered to be a new energy source for tumor cells recently. By means of degrading intracellular particles including amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, sugars and aged organisms, autophagy can recycle the aforementioned particles into bioenergetics and biosynthesis pathways, finally favoring tumor cells. MicroRNA is a kind of noncoding RNA that regulates the targeting gene expression mostly at post-transcription level. Among these miRNAs, microRNA-133a-3p is reported to be a tumor suppressor in numerous cancers. METHODS We characterized the down-regulated expression level of microRNA-133a-3p in gastric cancer via TCGA database. Subsequently, we verified the tumor suppressor role of microRNA-133a-3p in gastric cancer cells through a series biological function assay. We used immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscope to observe the negative effect of microRNA-133a-3p on autophagy and used dual-luciferase report assay to identify the candidate gene GABARAPL1 of microRNA-133A-3p.Then we used high performance liquid phase mass spectrometry and seahorse analysis to detect whether miR-133a-3p could block the glutaminolysis metabolism through autophagy. At last, we confirmed the tumor suppressor role of microRNA-133a-3p in vivo on PDX mice model. RESULTS We demonstrated that microRNA-133a-3p overexpression could block the activation of autophagy to ruin the abnormal glutaminolysis and further inhibit the growth and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. We successfully proved gastric cancer cells can replenish glutaminolysis via autophagy and microRNA-133a-3p could block aforementioned pathway by targeting core autophagy participants GABARAPL1 and ATG13.We then verified the negative function of microRNA-133a-3p on autophagy-mediated glutaminolysis both in PDX model and human gastric cancer organoid model. CONCLUSIONS MicroRNA-133a-3p targets GABARAPL1 to block autophagy-mediated glutaminolysis, further repressing gastric cancer growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou road, Nanjing, Jiangsu province China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou road, Nanjing, Jiangsu province China
| | - Zhe Xuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou road, Nanjing, Jiangsu province China
| | - Penghui Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou road, Nanjing, Jiangsu province China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou road, Nanjing, Jiangsu province China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou road, Nanjing, Jiangsu province China
| | - Guangli Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou road, Nanjing, Jiangsu province China
| | - Jianghao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou road, Nanjing, Jiangsu province China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou road, Nanjing, Jiangsu province China
- Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu Province China
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Cao Y, Luo Y, Zou J, Ouyang J, Cai Z, Zeng X, Ling H, Zeng T. Autophagy and its role in gastric cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 489:10-20. [PMID: 30472237 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, which is tightly regulated by a series of autophagy-related genes (ATGs), is a vital intracellular homeostatic process through which defective proteins and organelles are degraded and recycled under starvation, hypoxia or other specific cellular stress conditions. For both normal cells and tumour cells, autophagy not only sustains cell survival but can also promote cell death. Autophagy-related signalling pathways include mTOR-dependent pathways, such as the AMPK/mTOR and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways, and non-mTOR dependent pathways, such as the P53 pathway. Additionally, autophagy plays a dual role in gastric carcinoma (GC), including a tumour-suppressor role and a tumour-promoter role. Long-term Helicobacter pylori infection can impair autophagy, which may eventually promote tumourigenesis of the gastric mucosa. Moreover, Beclin1, LC3 and P62/SQSTM1 are regarded as autophagy-related markers with GC prognostic value. Autophagy inhibitors and autophagy inducers show promise for GC treatment. This review describes research progress regarding autophagy and its significant role in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China), College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study [Hunan Provincial Education Department document (Approval number: 2014-405)], Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Yichen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China), College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study [Hunan Provincial Education Department document (Approval number: 2014-405)], Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Juan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China), College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study [Hunan Provincial Education Department document (Approval number: 2014-405)], Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Zhihong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China), College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study [Hunan Provincial Education Department document (Approval number: 2014-405)], Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China), College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study [Hunan Provincial Education Department document (Approval number: 2014-405)], Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Hui Ling
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China), College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study [Hunan Provincial Education Department document (Approval number: 2014-405)], Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| | - Tiebing Zeng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study [Hunan Provincial Education Department document (Approval number: 2014-405)], Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
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50
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Hua X, Xu J, Deng X, Xu J, Li J, Zhu DQ, Zhu J, Jin H, Tian Z, Huang H, Zhao QS, Huang C. New compound ChlA-F induces autophagy-dependent anti-cancer effect via upregulating Sestrin-2 in human bladder cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 436:38-51. [PMID: 30118841 PMCID: PMC6245652 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ChlA-F is a novel conformation-derivative of Cheliensisin A, styryl-lactone isolates that show potent anti-tumor potential in vivo and vitro. However, the anti-cancer activity and its potential mechanisms underlying ChlA-F action have never been explored. In the present study, we evaluated the potency of ChlA-F on autophagy-mediated anchorage-independent growth inhibition in human high-grade invasive bladder cancer (BC) cells. We found that ChlA-F treatment significantly inhibited anchorage-independent growth of human BC cells by inducing autophagy in a Sestrin-2 (SESN2)-dependent fashion. Our results revealed that ChlA-F treatment specifically induced SESN2 expression via increasing its transcription and mRNA stability. On one hand, ChlA-F treatment markedly attenuated Dicer protein abundance, in turn abolishing miR-27a maturation and further relieving miR-27a binding directly to SESN2 mRNA 3'UTR, thereby promoting SESN2 mRNA stabilization. On the other hand, ChlA-F treatment promoted Sp1 abundance and consequently mediated SESN2 transcription. These results demonstrate that its activation of the autophagic pathway through specifically promoting SESN2 expression mediates the anti-cancer effect of ChlA-F, which offers insights into the novel anti-cancer effect of ChlA-F on BC, as well as providing therapeutic alternatives against human BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hua
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Jiheng Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - David Q Zhu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Junlan Zhu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Honglei Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China.
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA.
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