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Xu D, Luo Y, Wang P, Li J, Ma L, Huang J, Zhang H, Yang X, Li L, Zheng Y, Fang G, Yan P. Clinical progress of anti-angiogenic targeted therapy and combination therapy for gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1148131. [PMID: 37384288 PMCID: PMC10295723 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1148131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of gastric cancer is increasing year by year. Most gastric cancers are already in the advanced stage with poor prognosis when diagnosed, which means the current treatment is not satisfactory. Angiogenesis is an important link in the occurrence and development of tumors, and there are multiple anti-angiogenesis targeted therapies. To comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-angiogenic targeted drugs alone and in combination against gastric cancer, we systematically searched and sorted out relevant literature. In this review, we summarized the efficacy and safety of Ramucirumab, Bevacizumab, Apatinib, Fruquintinib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Pazopanib on gastric cancer when used alone or in combination based on prospective clinical trials reported in the literature, and sorted response biomarkers. We also summarized the challenges faced by anti-angiogenesis therapy for gastric cancer and available solutions. Finally, the characteristics of the current clinical research are summarized and suggestions and prospects are raised. This review will serve as a good reference for the clinical research of anti-angiogenic targeted drugs in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghan Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yehao Luo
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Linrui Ma
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Liqi Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Gang Fang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamental Research of Zhuang Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Peiyu Yan
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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Wang S, Tao S, Liu Y, Shi Y, Liu M. Identification of significant genes associated with prognosis of gastric cancer by bioinformatics analysis. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2022; 34:55. [PMID: 36567425 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-022-00157-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) ranks second in mortality among all malignant diseases worldwide. However, the cause and molecular mechanism underlying gastric cancer are not clear. Here, we used integrated bioinformatics to identify possible key genes and reveal the pathogenesis and prognosis of gastric cancer. METHODS The gene expression profiles of GSE118916, GSE79973, and GSE29272 were available from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between GC and normal gastric tissues were screened by R software and Venn diagram software. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment of DEGs was performed using the DAVID database. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established by STRING and visualized using Cytoscape software. Then the influence of hub genes on expression and survival was assessed using TCGA database. RESULTS A total of 83 DEGs were found in the three datasets, including 41 up-regulated genes and 42 down-regulated genes. These DEGs were mainly enriched in extracellular matrix organization and cell adhesion. The enriched pathways obtained in the KEGG pathway analysis were extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and focal adhesion. A PPI network of DEGs was analyzed using the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) app of Cytoscape. Four genes were considered hub genes, including COL5A1, FBN1, SPARC, and LUM. Among them, LUM was found to have a significantly worse prognosis based on TCGA database. CONCLUSIONS We screened DEGs associated with GC by integrated bioinformatics analysis and found one potential biomarker that may be involved in the progress of GC. This hub gene may serve as a guide for further molecular biological experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanhu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
| | - Song Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yakui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Mulin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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Atif M, Mustaan MA, Falak S, Ghaffar A, Munir B. Targeting the effect of sofosbuvir on selective oncogenes expression level of hepatocellular carcinoma Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in Huh7 cell line. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103332. [PMID: 35813116 PMCID: PMC9256646 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct acting antiviral agents are emerging line of treatment to eradicate Hepatitis C virus. Recent controversy over whether direct acting antiviral agents increase rate of hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV patients or prevent it, has increased the need to elaborate underlying mechanisms on molecular basis. This work was aimed to investigate the effect of sofosbuvir on the expression of selected oncogenes from the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in Huh7 cell line. Results found concrete molecular evidence that sofosbuvir has significantly altered the expression of selected genes when huh7 cell line was treated with sofosbuvir. Nine genes related to HCC were found to be affected by sofosbuvir in a mixed effect manner. The relative expression of growth factors (VEGF, PDGFRB and HGF) was increased in sofosbuvir treated cell lines. The kinase family genes H-RAS, B-RAF, MET except MAPK1 were downregulated. Similarly, DUSP1 was upregulated and SPRY2 was slightly downregulated; both were negative feedback inhibitors of ERK signalling cascade. Sofosbuvir upregulated the growth factors and MAPK1 which suggests it to be a carcinogen. The downregulation of kinases and upregulation of DUSP1 make it an anticancer drug. Hence, the results from this study are important to prove that sofosbuvir neither reduce nor induce hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Atif
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Sadia Falak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Jhang, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Bushra Munir
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
- Corresponding authors.
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Chen L, Lin G, Chen K, Liang R, Wan F, Zhang C, Tian G, Zhu X. VEGF promotes migration and invasion by regulating EMT and MMPs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:7291-7301. [PMID: 33193893 PMCID: PMC7646165 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important pro-angiogenic factor. Accumulating data have indicated that VEGF is involved in tumour metastasis. However, the mechanism through which VEGF regulates nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis is largely unknown. This study aimed to examine the biological function of VEGF in NPC metastasis and its underlying mechanism. Methods: We used western blotting and qPCR to examine the difference in VEGF expression between NPC cells and the immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line NP69. Wound healing assays, transwell assays and animal experiments were used to further verify the role of VEGF in the invasion and migration of NPC cells. The protein levels of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family were analysed by immunofluorescence (IF) and western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and transwell assays were used to determine whether VEGF enhanced the invasion and migration of NPC cells in an autocrine manner. Western blotting was used to examine how autocrine VEGF-VEGFR2 signalling regulated EMT and MMPs. Results: We observed higher levels of VEGF in NPC cells than that in NP69 cells and identified an association between high VEGF levels and tumour invasion and migration. Mechanistically, the VEGF-mediated increase in EMT markers, MMP2 and MMP9 promoted NPC cell invasion and migration. Additionally, NPC cells secreted VEGF to promote cell invasion, migration and angiogenesis. Autocrine VEGF-VEGFR2 signalling increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, promoted EMT process and MMPs at the indicated times. Conclusion: This study revealed that VEGF plays a role in controlling NPC cell metastasis by regulating EMT markers and MMPs in an autocrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530010, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang Lin
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530010, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Renba Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangzhu Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuxiao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530010, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
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Zhang L, Chen Y, Li F, Bao L, Liu W. Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab Attenuate Cisplatin Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells Progression Synergistically via Suppressing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Immunol 2019; 10:867. [PMID: 31105696 PMCID: PMC6498972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The AURELIA trial demonstrated that adding Bevacizumab to chemotherapy significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) for platinum resistant recurrent ovarian cancer. Recently, immunotherapy also presented potential anti-tumor effects in several malignant solid tumors. This study aimed to investigate whether combining anti-PD-L1 Atezolizumab with BEV may have a synergistic effect and enhance the efficacy of both treatments in cisplatin resistant epithelial ovarian cancer (CREOC). We retrospectively analyzed 124 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients from Gynecologic Oncology Department of Tianjin Cancer Hospital between January 2013 and June 2018, who all were diagnosed with cisplatin resistance due to progressing <6 months after completing platinum-based therapy. Based on responding to at least 2 cycles of Bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy (BC), these Patients were divided into BC response group and BC non-response group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect that PD-L1 expression and tumor angiogenesis-related proteins (VEGF and Semaphorin4D) in tissues from 124 patients with CREOC. The positive expressions of PD-L1, VEGF, and Semaphorin4D (SEMA4D) were found in 58.73, 50.79, and 71.43% of the 63 cases CREOC tissues with BC response, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in the 61 cases BC non-response group (P < 0.05). PD-L1 expression correlated with SEMA4D and VEGF positively (r = 0.344 and 0.363, P < 0.001). Over-expressions of PD-L1, VEGF and SEMA4D are associated with more malignant clinicopathologic characteristics of CREOC Patients. In survival analysis, patients' response to BC was the independent factor for evaluation of PFS and overall survival (OS). Cell functional assays showed that Atezolizumab in combination with Bevacizumab inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer cell line A2780cis in vitro synergistically, which maybe associate with Bevacizumab suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and PD-L1 expression by targeting STAT3. Furthermore, Bevacizumab and Atezolizumab induced synergistic anti-tumor effect in vivo. These findings suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for cisplatin resistant recurrent EOC and its mechanism warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Centre of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangxuan Li
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lewen Bao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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