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Utility of ctDNA Liquid Biopsies from Cancer Patients: An Institutional Study of 285 ctDNA Samples. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235859. [PMID: 36497340 PMCID: PMC9739663 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy has improved significantly over the last decade and is attracting attention as a tool that can complement tissue biopsy to evaluate the genetic landscape of solid tumors. In the present study, we evaluated the usefulness of liquid biopsy in daily oncology practice in different clinical contexts. We studied ctDNA and tissue biopsy to investigate EGFR, KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations from 199 cancer patients between January 2016 and March 2021. The study included 114 male and 85 female patients with a median age of 68 years. A total of 122 cases were lung carcinoma, 53 were colorectal carcinoma, and 24 were melanoma. Liquid biopsy was positive for a potentially druggable driver mutation in 14 lung and colorectal carcinoma where tissue biopsy was not performed, and in two (3%) lung carcinoma patients whose tissue biopsy was negative. Liquid biopsy identified nine (45%) de novo EGFR-T790M mutations during TKI-treatment follow-up in lung carcinoma. BRAF-V600 mutation resurgence was detected in three (12.5%) melanoma patients during follow-up. Our results confirm the value of liquid biopsy in routine clinical oncologic practice for targeted therapy, diagnosis of resistance to treatment, and cancer follow-up.
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Comparison of Two Rapid Assays for the Detection of BRAF V600 Mutations in Metastatic Melanoma including Positive Sentinel Lymph Nodes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030751. [PMID: 35328303 PMCID: PMC8947166 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Testing for the BRAF mutation is mandatory for the management of patients with locally advanced or metastatic melanoma. Molecular analysis based on DNA sequencing remains the gold-standard method for the screening of the different BRAF mutations. These methods must be rapid, sensitive, and specific enough to allow optimal therapeutic management in daily practice and also to include patients in clinical trials. Here, we compared the Idylla BRAF Mutation Test and the anti-BRAF V600E (clone VE1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 90 melanoma samples, with a focus on a challenging cohort of 32 positive sentinel lymph nodes. The BRAF status was assessed with both methods independently of the percentage of tumor cells. The concordance rate was calculated excluding both non-contributory analyses and BRAFV600K/R/M mutants due to the specific V600E-IHC test design. The incidence of the BRAFV600E mutation was 33% with both BRAF Idylla and BRAF IHC. The agreement rate was 91% (72/79). Although the agreement rate was high, we suggest that the use of IHC is more suitable for rapid BRAF testing on sentinel lymph node biopsies when associated with a low percentage and scattered tumor cells, which gave a high risk of non-contributory analysis and/or false negative results with the IdyllaTMBRAF Mutation Test.
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Kamińska P, Buszka K, Zabel M, Nowicki M, Alix-Panabières C, Budna-Tukan J. Liquid Biopsy in Melanoma: Significance in Diagnostics, Prediction and Treatment Monitoring. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9714. [PMID: 34575876 PMCID: PMC8468624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a common term referring to circulating tumor cells and other biomarkers, such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or extracellular vesicles. Liquid biopsy presents a range of clinical advantages, such as the low invasiveness of the blood sample collection and continuous control of the tumor progression. In addition, this approach enables the mechanisms of drug resistance to be determined in various methods of cancer treatment, including immunotherapy. However, in the case of melanoma, the application of liquid biopsy in patient stratification and therapy needs further investigation. This review attempts to collect all of the relevant and recent information about circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) related to the context of malignant melanoma and immunotherapy. Furthermore, the biology of liquid biopsy analytes, including CMCs, ctDNA, mRNA and exosomes, as well as techniques for their detection and isolation, are also described. The available data support the notion that thoughtful selection of biomarkers and technologies for their detection can contribute to the development of precision medicine by increasing the efficacy of cancer diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Kamińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.); (M.N.)
| | - Karolina Buszka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.); (M.N.)
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.); (M.N.)
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France;
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Joanna Budna-Tukan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.); (M.N.)
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Mortazavipour MM, Shahbazi S, Mahdian R. Detection of Paternal IVS-II-1 (G>A) ( HBB: c.315+1G>A) Mutation in Cell-Free Fetal DNA Using COLD-PCR assay. Hemoglobin 2020; 44:168-173. [PMID: 32703054 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2020.1768864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Standardization of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (PND) method that can identify common mutations in the population is of great value. The purpose of this study was to find the paternal HBB gene IVS-II-1 (G>A) (HBB: c.315+1G>A) mutation in maternal plasma cell-free DNA using the co-amplification at lower denaturation temperature-polymerase chain reaction (COLD-PCR) method. We designed simulated circulating free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma to optimize the COLD-PCR assay. Peripheral blood samples were collected from normal and IVS-II-1 heterozygous individuals as well as five heterozygous pregnant women whose husbands were carriers of IVS-II-1. The cfDNA was extracted from the plasma and subjected to optimized COLD-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. The optimized protocol was tested on simulated cfDNA samples with proportions of 8.0, 6.0, 4.0 and 2.0%, and the results showed that the COLD-PCR is informative on samples containing 8.0% mutant alleles and above. The patients were undergoing invasive PND procedures via chorionic villi sampling (CVS) as scheduled at the 12th week of gestation. Paternal IVS-II-1 was detected in cfDNA samples of three patients who were in complete concordance with the outcome of CVS. Despite the limitations of the COLD-PCR method in noninvasive PND, it can be considered as a cost-effective screening option. The use of this approach for screening at-risk patients can prevent unnecessary invasive procedures identifying common mutations in high-prevalence diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M Mortazavipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Shahbazi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdian
- Molecular Medicine Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Quartuccio N, Garau LM, Arnone A, Pappalardo M, Rubello D, Arnone G, Manca G. Comparison of 99mTc-Labeled Colloid SPECT/CT and Planar Lymphoscintigraphy in Sentinel Lymph Node Detection in Patients with Melanoma: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061680. [PMID: 32498217 PMCID: PMC7356992 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the detection rate (DR) for sentinel lymph nodes (SLN), the number of SLNs and the subjects with additional SLNs of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and planar lymphoscintigraphy (PL) in patients with melanoma. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact of SPECT/CT on surgical plans. Articles containing head-to-head comparisons between SPECT/CT and PL were searched in Pubmed/MEDLINE and Scopus. The literature search was updated until December 31st, 2019. DR was calculated on a per patient-based analysis; the studies were pooled by their odds ratios (ORs) with a random effects model to assess the significance of difference (p < 0.05). The number of additional SLNs (calculated as the relative risk) and pooled proportion of patients with additional SLNs were investigated. The pooled ratio of surgical procedures influenced by the SPECT/CT findings was calculated. Seventeen studies with 1438 patients were eligible for the calculation of DR of SPECT/CT and PL. The average DR was 98.28% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 97.94-99.19%) for the SPECT/CT and 95.53% (95% CI: 92.55-97.77%) for the PL; OR of 2.31 (95% CI: 1.66-4.18, p < 0.001) in favor of the SPECT/CT. There was a relative risk of a higher number of SLNs (1.13) for the SPECT/CT and 17.87% of patients with additional SLNs were detected by SPECT/CT. The average impact of SPECT/CT on surgery resulted in 37.43% of cases. This meta-analysis favored SPECT/CT over PL for the identification of SLNs in patients with melanoma due to a higher DR, reproducibility, number of SLNs depicted, proportion of patients with additional SLNs and the impact on the surgical plan. However, PL remains a good option due to the high values of the DR for SLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natale Quartuccio
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (N.Q.); (A.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Ludovico Maria Garau
- Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.M.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Annachiara Arnone
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (N.Q.); (A.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Marco Pappalardo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Domenico Rubello
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 35100 Rovigo, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Gaspare Arnone
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (N.Q.); (A.A.); (G.A.)
| | - Gianpiero Manca
- Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.M.G.); (G.M.)
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Detection of Gene Mutations in Liquid Biopsy of Melanoma Patients: Overview and Future Perspectives. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2020; 21:19. [PMID: 32048063 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-020-0708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Liquid biopsies are still far from widely implanted in the clinical arena. Issues related to the added sensitivity of this test beyond conventional methods have not been fully resolved. Additionally, issues related to the specificity of these results especially as many cancers may share common mutation need further investigations. One way to resolve this may include the development and testing of large gene panels to add higher specificity. On the other hand, further studies are needed to support the idea that ctDNA or circulating tumor cells may constitute a better representation of the tumor subpopulation that is capable of metastasizing, which will strongly support its clinical value. Finally, survival studies showing a positive impact of this technology will also justify its widespread implementation in clinical practice.
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Bande Rodríguez MF, Fernandez Marta B, Lago Baameiro N, Santiago-Varela M, Silva-Rodríguez P, Blanco-Teijeiro MJ, Pardo Perez M, Piñeiro Ces A. Blood Biomarkers of Uveal Melanoma: Current Perspectives. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:157-169. [PMID: 32021081 PMCID: PMC6980862 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s199064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of metastases in patients with a diagnosis of uveal melanoma (UM) is a controversial issue. While only 1% of the patients have detectable metastases at the time of diagnosis, up to 30% of them will develop liver metastases within 5 years of treatment. UM spreads hematogenously, therefore, blood biomarkers may be helpful for prognosis and monitoring the disease progression. Despite the great progress achieved thanks to the genetic analysis of UM biopsies, this is an invasive technique and is limited by the heterogeneity of the tumor. The present review considers the current understanding in the field regarding biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of UM and its metastasis, primarily to the liver. General covered topics include non-conventional markers such as proteins previously identified in cutaneous melanoma and UM cell lines, circulating tumor cells, microRNAs (miRNA), and circulating DNA, and how each may be critical in the development of novel blood biomarkers for UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel F Bande Rodríguez
- Unidad de Retina Quirúrgica y Tumores Intraoculares del Adulto (URQTIA), Servicio de Oftalmología Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Tumores Intraoculares en el Adulto, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernandez Marta
- Unidad de Retina Quirúrgica y Tumores Intraoculares del Adulto (URQTIA), Servicio de Oftalmología Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nerea Lago Baameiro
- Grupo Obesidómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Santiago-Varela
- Unidad de Retina Quirúrgica y Tumores Intraoculares del Adulto (URQTIA), Servicio de Oftalmología Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Tumores Intraoculares en el Adulto, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paula Silva-Rodríguez
- Tumores Intraoculares en el Adulto, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Clinical University Hospital, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela 15705, Spain
| | - María Jose Blanco-Teijeiro
- Unidad de Retina Quirúrgica y Tumores Intraoculares del Adulto (URQTIA), Servicio de Oftalmología Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Tumores Intraoculares en el Adulto, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Pardo Perez
- Grupo Obesidómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Piñeiro Ces
- Unidad de Retina Quirúrgica y Tumores Intraoculares del Adulto (URQTIA), Servicio de Oftalmología Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Tumores Intraoculares en el Adulto, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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