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Alimu G, Yan T, Zhu L, Du Z, Ma R, Fan H, Chen S, Alifu N, Zhang X. Liposomes loaded with dual clinical photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy of cervical cancer. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3459-3467. [PMID: 36756546 PMCID: PMC9872094 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03055a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a potential anti-cancer strategy owing to its negligible invasiveness, low toxicity, and high selectivity. The photosensitizer (PS) plays an indispensable role in PDT. Herein, a novel type of PS (Ce6-MB@Lips) which can be excited by a near-infrared (NIR) laser was designed and synthesized. Methylene blue (MB) and Chlorin e6 (Ce6), two organic dyes approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), were used to prepare Ce6-MB@Lips by thin-film dispersion method, which improve the water solubility of Ce6 and reduce the cytotoxicity of MB. The Ce6-MB@Lips were shown to have a spherical nanostructure with an average particle size of 160.3 nm and excellent water solubility. Then the optical properties of Ce6-MB@Lips were further studied. Ce6-MB@Lips showed absorption peaks at 413 nm/670 nm and fluorescence peak at 697 nm. Compared with Ce6@Lips and MB@Lips, Ce6-MB@Lips showed better stability, stronger fluorescence intensity, and higher singlet oxygen (1O2) generation ability. Cell experimental analysis exhibited that the stable Ce6-MB@Lips showed low cytotoxicity, high phototoxicity and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capacity. After effective cell internalization, the prepared Ce6-MB@Lips showed excellent ability to promote tumor cell apoptosis in vitro. The Ce6-MB@Lips could be a promising candidate for PDT of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulinigaer Alimu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Ting Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, School of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Zhong Du
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Huimin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, School of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Nuernisha Alifu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, School of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
| | - Xueliang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, School of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi 830054 China
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Tang J, Li M, Zhao C, Shen D, Liu L, Zhang X, Wei L. Therapeutic DNA Vaccines against HPV-Related Malignancies: Promising Leads from Clinical Trials. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020239. [PMID: 35215833 PMCID: PMC8874761 DOI: 10.3390/v14020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2014 and 2021, two nucleic-acid vaccine candidates named MAV E2 and VGX-3100 completed phase III clinical trials in Mexico and U.S., respectively, for patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). These well-tolerated but still unlicensed vaccines encode distinct HPV antigens (E2 versus E6+E7) to elicit cell-mediated immune responses; their clinical efficacy, as measured by HSIL regression or cure, was modest when compared with placebo or surgery (conization), but both proved highly effective in clearing HPV infection, which should help further optimize strategies for enhancing vaccine immunogenicity, toward an ultimate goal of preventing malignancies in millions of patients who are living with persistent, oncogenic HPV infection but are not expected to benefit from current, prophylactic vaccines. The major roadblocks to a highly efficacious and practical product remain challenging and can be classified into five categories: (i) getting the vaccines into the right cells for efficient expression and presentation of HPV antigens (fusion proteins or epitopes); (ii) having adequate coverage of oncogenic HPV types, beyond the current focus on HPV-16 and -18; (iii) directing immune protection to various epithelial niches, especially anogenital mucosa and upper aerodigestive tract where HPV-transformed cells wreak havoc; (iv) establishing the time window and vaccination regimen, including dosage, interval and even combination therapy, for achieving maximum efficacy; and (v) validating therapeutic efficacy in patients with poor prognosis because of advanced, recurrent or non-resectable malignancies. Overall, the room for improvements is still large enough that continuing efforts for research and development will very likely extend into the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Tang
- Aeonvital Biomedical Research Institute, Beijing 102208, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100033, China; (M.L.); (C.Z.); (D.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100033, China; (M.L.); (C.Z.); (D.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Danhua Shen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100033, China; (M.L.); (C.Z.); (D.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Lei Liu
- Aeonvital Biomedical Research Institute, Beijing 102208, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- Aeonvital Biomedical Research Institute, Beijing 102208, China; (L.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Lihui Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100033, China; (M.L.); (C.Z.); (D.S.); (L.W.)
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Pickard A, Durzynska J, McCance DJ, Barton ER. The IGF axis in HPV associated cancers. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 772:67-77. [PMID: 28528691 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) infect and replicate in stratified epithelium at cutaneous and mucosal surfaces. The proliferation and maintenance of keratinocytes, the cells which make up this epithelium, are controlled by a number of growth factor receptors such as the keratinocyte growth factor receptor (KGFR, also called fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (FGFR2b)), the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the insulin-like growth factor receptors 1 and 2 (IGF1R and IGF2R). In this review, we will delineate the mutation, gene transcription, translation and processing of the IGF axis within HPV associated cancers. The IGFs are key for developmental and postnatal growth of almost all tissues; we explore whether this crucial axis has been hijacked by HPV.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Proliferation
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Keratinocytes/cytology
- Keratinocytes/virology
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/virology
- Papillomaviridae/pathogenicity
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1
- Receptor, IGF Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 2/metabolism
- Receptors, Somatomedin/genetics
- Receptors, Somatomedin/metabolism
- Somatomedins/genetics
- Somatomedins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pickard
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Julia Durzynska
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, A. Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland; Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dennis J McCance
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Bazant-Hegemark F, Edey K, Swingler GR, Read MD, Stone N. Review: Optical Micrometer Resolution Scanning for Non-invasive Grading of Precancer in the Human Uterine Cervix. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2008; 7:483-96. [DOI: 10.1177/153303460800700610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of cervical precancer is archetypal for other cancer prevention programmes but has to consider diagnostic and logistic challenges. Numerous optical tools are emerging for non-destructive near real-time early diagnosis of precancerous lesions of the cervix. Non-destructive, real-time imaging modalities have reached pre-commercial status, but high resolution mapping tools are not yet introduced in clinical settings. The NCBI PubMed web page was searched using the keywords ‘CIN diagnosis’ and the combinations of ‘cervix {confocal, optical coherence tomography, ftir, infrared, Raman, vibrational, spectroscopy}’. Suitable titles were identified and their relevant references followed. Challenges in precancer management are discussed. The following tools capable of non-destructive high resolution mapping in a clinical environment were selected: confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography, IR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Findings on the clinical performance of these techniques are put into context in order to assist the reader in judging the likely performance of these methods as diagnostic tools. Rationale for carrying out research under the prospect of the HPV vaccine is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bazant-Hegemark
- Cranfield Health Cranfield University at Silsoe Bedfordshire MK45 4DT, UK
- Biophotonics Research Group Gloucestershire Royal Hospital Great Western Road Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK
| | - Katharine Edey
- Women's Health Directorate Gloucestershire Royal Hospital Great Western Road Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK
| | - Gordon R. Swingler
- Women's Health Directorate Gloucestershire Royal Hospital Great Western Road Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK
| | - Mike D. Read
- Women's Health Directorate Gloucestershire Royal Hospital Great Western Road Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK
| | - Nicholas Stone
- Cranfield Health Cranfield University at Silsoe Bedfordshire MK45 4DT, UK
- Biophotonics Research Group Gloucestershire Royal Hospital Great Western Road Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK
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Tucholska M, Scozzaro S, Williams D, Ackloo S, Lock C, Siu KWM, Evans KR, Marshall JG. Endogenous peptides from biophysical and biochemical fractionation of serum analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray ionization hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight. Anal Biochem 2007; 370:228-45. [PMID: 17884004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood peptides can be concentrated, extracted, and analyzed with strong signal-to-noise ratios by precipitation in organic solvents followed by extraction in water. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (Qq-TOF) were used to analyze the precipitated and extracted endogenous peptides from fetal calf serum. C18 solid-phase extraction with or without prior precipitation in ammonium sulfate, size exclusion chromatography, dealbuminization, dye affinity chromatography, ultrafiltration, and differential precipitation in organic solvents were compared. Hundreds of different ions could be observed by MALDI in the various fractions. It appeared that some peptides were freely dissolved and that not all peptides in blood were obliged to remain bound to albumin or other high-molecular-mass proteins. Mass spectra with high signal-to-noise ratios were obtained from polypeptides precipitated with organic solvents followed by extraction of the peptides from the pellet with water. The peptides extracted from organic precipitates were analyzed by nano liquid chromatography (LC)-ESI-Qq-TOF. In addition to many commonly abundant serum proteins, apparent low-abundance peptides associated with cancer biology from proteins such as insulin-like growth factor II, thymosin beta4 and beta9, plasminogen, coagulation factors, and extracellular matrix protein 1 were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Tucholska
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5B 2K3
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