Influence of Arg399Gln, Arg280His and Arg194Trp XRCC1 gene polymorphisms of Base Excision Repair pathway on the level of 8-oxo-guanine and risk of head and neck cancer in the Polish population

The XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism was associated with the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma development: Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

The X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) is a DNA repair gene. Various studies have examined the association between XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) susceptibility with contradictory results. So, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess whether variants of this polymorphism increase the HNSCC risk or not.

RECENT FINDINGS

Thirty three studies consisting of 14282 subjects (6012 cases and 8270 controls) were included in this meta-analysis. Variants of XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism were associated with increased HNSCC risk and the associations were significant based on heterozygous and dominant models (heterozygous model: OR = 1.182, 95%CI = 1.015-1.377, P = 0.032; homozygous model: OR = 1.274, 95%CI = 0.940-1.727, P = 0.119; dominant model: OR = 1.194, 95%CI = 1.027-1.388, P = 0.021; recessive model: OR = 1.181, 95%CI = 0.885-1.576, P = 0.119). There were significant associations between variants of this polymorphism and HNSCC risk based on Asian ethnicity under dominant model, hospital control source under different genetic models, PCR-RFLP genotyping method under dominant model and oral cavity tumor site under heterozygous and dominant models.

OBJECTIVE

The X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) is a DNA repair gene. Various studies have examined the association between XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) susceptibility with contradictory results. So, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess whether variants of this polymorphism increase the HNSCC risk or not.

METHODS

A systematic search of the literatures published till April 2022 was conducted using Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase databases. The heterogeneity was assessed with the I-Square statistic. A random effects model or fixed effects model was used to analyze the data. Data were reported by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The p value was considered significant if p < .05.

RESULTS

Thirty three studies consisting of 14 282 subjects (6012 cases and 8270 controls) were included in this meta-analysis. Variants of XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism were associated with increased HNSCC risk and the associations were significant based on heterozygous and dominant models (heterozygous model: OR = 1.182, 95%CI = 1.015-1.377, p = .032; homozygous model: OR = 1.274, 95%CI = 0.940-1.727, p = .119; dominant model: OR = 1.194, 95%CI = 1.027-1.388, p = .021; recessive model: OR = 1.181, 95%CI = 0.885-1.576, p = .119). There were significant associations between variants of this polymorphism and HNSCC risk based on Asian ethnicity under dominant model, hospital control source under different genetic models, PCR-RFLP genotyping method under dominant model and oral cavity tumor site under heterozygous and dominant models.

CONCLUSION

Variants of XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism were significantly associated with increased risk of HNSCC development based on heterozygous and dominant genetic models.

Survival association of XRCC1 for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that X-ray repair cross-complementary group 1 (XRCC1) is one of the susceptibility factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. However, its clinical prognostic impact remains controversial. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the association between XRCC1 and the survival outcomes in HNSCC patients. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items or Systematic Reviews Meta Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, literature searches were systematically performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Wanfang, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases with manual retrieval. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were collected to estimate the correlation between XRCC1 and the survival outcomes of HNSCC patients. Results: Ten studies including 1995 HNSCC patients who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled analysis indicated that XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XRCC1 high protein expression were significantly correlated with poor overall survival with HR of 1.31 (95% CIs: 1.03-1.66, p = 0.027) and 2.32 (95% CIs: 1.55-3.48 p = 0.000) in HNSCC patients. In addition, our results demonstrated that XRCC1 was significantly associated with poor progression-free survival (HR = 1.42, 95% CIs: 1.15-1.75, p = 0.001) in HNSCC patients. ConclusionThis meta-analysis demonstrated that XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XRCC1 high protein expression increase the risk of poor survival for HNSCC patients. XRCC1 is a potential therapeutic target for HNSCC.

Association of buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMNCyt) biomarkers with inorganic element concentration and genetic polymorphisms in welders

Welding fumes are classified as carcinogenic to humans. The aim of the present study was to measure buccal micronucleus cytome assay biomarkers and to evaluate their association with inorganic elements and genetic polymorphisms (XRCC1, OGG1, XRCC3, GSTM1, and GSTT1) in welders (n = 98) and control individuals (n = 100). Higher levels of DNA damage and cell death were observed in the exposed group. Also, a significant correlation between the frequency of micronuclei and Na, Si, Cl, Ti, Cr, Zn and Mg concentrations. The formation of micronuclei, binucleated cells, cell death was associated with polymorphisms in repair pathways. The OGG1Ser326Cys and XRCC3 241Thr/Met genotypes were associated with cell death. Individuals with GSTM1 null genotype had a higher frequency of micronuclei. These results demonstrate that the deleterious effects of exposure to welding fumes are exacerbated by lifestyle habits, and genetic polymorphisms can influence DNA damage and cell death.

Targeting DNA damage response as a potential therapeutic strategy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Cells experience both endogenous and exogenous DNA damage daily. To maintain genome integrity and suppress tumorigenesis, individuals have evolutionarily acquired a series of repair functions, termed DNA damage response (DDR), to repair DNA damage and ensure the accurate transmission of genetic information. Defects in DNA damage repair pathways may lead to various diseases, including tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in DDR-related genes, such as somatic or germline mutations, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and promoter methylation, are closely related to the occurrence, development, and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite recent advances in surgery combined with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy, there has been no substantial improvement in the survival rate of patients with HNSCC. Therefore, targeting DNA repair pathways may be a promising treatment for HNSCC. In this review, we summarized the sources of DNA damage and DNA damage repair pathways. Further, the role of DNA damage repair pathways in the development of HNSCC and the application of small molecule inhibitors targeting these pathways in the treatment of HNSCC were focused.