Substrate-enzyme affinity-based surface modification strategy for endothelial cell-specific binding under shear stress

Circ_0093887 regulated ox-LDL induced human aortic endothelial cells viability, apoptosis, and inflammation through modulating miR-758-3p/BAMBI axis in atherosclerosis

BACKGROUND: Compelling evidence demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) were involved in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the role of circ_0093887 in the progression of AS is unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the role and mechanism of circ_0093887 in oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). METHODS: HAECs were stimulated by ox-LDL to simulate AS-like injury in vitro. Circ_0093887, microRNA-758-3p (miR-758-3p), and BMP And Activin Membrane-Bound Inhibitor (BAMBI) levels were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). PCNA, Bax, Bcl-2, and BAMBI protein levels were detected by western blot. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. Tube formation assay was used to assess tube formation. The levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by corresponding ELISA kits. The relationship between miR-758-3p and circ_0093887 or BAMBI was tested via dual-luciferase reporter analysis and RNA immunoprecipitation. Oxidative stress related indexes (ROS and MDA) were detected by corresponding kits. RESULTS: The expression levels of circ_0093887 and BAMBI were prominently downregulated in ox-LDL-induced HAECs compared with control, whereas the expression of miR-758-3p was upregulated. Overexpression of circ_0093887 promoted HAECs viability and tube formation, and restrained cell apoptosis in ox-LDL-induced HAECs compared with untreated HAECs. Mechanistically, circ_0093887 regulated the expression of BAMBI through miR-758-3p. Further experiments showed that upregulation of miR-758-3p reversed changes in cell function induced by circ_0093887. In addition, reduced BAMBI salvaged miR-758-3p knockdown mediated effects on cell function. CONCLUSION: Circ_0093887 demonstrated its diagnostic and therapeutic value in AS by promoting the role of the miR-758-3p/BAMBI axis in the ox-LDL-induced endothelial injury of HAECs.

Endothelialization strategy of implant materials surface: The newest research in recent 5 years

In recent years, more and more metal or non-metal materials have been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, but the vascular complications after transplantation are still the main factors restricting the clinical application of most grafts, such as acute thrombosis and graft restenosis. Implant materials have been extensively designed and surface optimized by researchers, but it is still too difficult to avoid complications. Natural vascular endodermis has excellent function, anti-coagulant and anti-intimal hyperplasia, and it is also the key to maintaining the homeostasis of normal vascular microenvironment. Therefore, how to promote the adhesion of endothelial cells (ECs) on the surface of cardiovascular materials to achieve endothelialization of the surface is the key to overcoming the complications after implant materialization. At present, the surface endothelialization design of materials based on materials surface science, bioactive molecules, and biological function intervention and feedback has attracted much attention. In this review, we summarize the related research on the surface modification of materials by endothelialization in recent years, and analyze the advantages and challenges of current endothelialization design ideas, explain the relationship between materials, cells, and vascular remodeling in order to find a more ideal endothelialization surface modification strategy for future researchers to meet the requirements of clinical biocompatibility of cardiovascular materials.