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Lampignano L, Sardone R, D’Urso F, Altamura M, Piccininni C, Griseta C, Bortone I, Castellana F, Zupo R, Donghia R, Guerra V, Resta E, Cisternino A, Caruso MG, Daniele A, De Pergola G, Bellomo A, Boeing H, Giannelli G, Panza F, Lozupone M. Processed meat consumption and the risk of incident late-onset depression: a 12-year follow-up of the Salus in Apulia Study. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6520507. [PMID: 35134842 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND the possible relationship between dietary habits and the incidence of late-onset depression (LOD), defined as first depression onset at later age, is unclear. OBJECTIVE to investigate the relationship between consumption of different food groups and incident LOD. DESIGN longitudinal population-based study with a 12-year follow-up. SETTING Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy. SUBJECTS five hundred and forty-six older subjects from the Salus in Apulia Study. METHODS baseline data were recorded in 2003-06, and diagnostic data were recorded in 2013-18 at follow-up. Dietary intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Depressive disorders were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. Subjects who already suffered from depression or other psychiatric disorders at baseline were excluded from the analysis. The association between LOD and single dietary determinants was examined by Cox regression analysis and then applying the hazard ratio (HR). RESULTS subjects with incident LOD (n = 34) had lower global cognition and total cholesterol levels and a higher body mass index (BMI) at baseline. Only processed meat significantly increased the risk of incident LOD of about 10% by 5 g/day intake (HR adjusted for age, sex, education, multimorbidity and BMI: 1.13, 95% confidence intervals: 1.04-1.22). A similar relationship was found for single foods in the processed meat food group such as sausages, salami and mortadella and baked ham, but not for raw ham. CONCLUSIONS in midlife, a higher intake of processed meat was not only associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular- and metabolic-related chronic diseases in older age but also with an increased risk of developing LOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Lampignano
- Population Health Unit – “Salus In Apulia Study”, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (Bari) 70013, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- Population Health Unit – “Salus In Apulia Study”, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (Bari) 70013, Italy
| | - Francesca D’Urso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia 71121, Italy
| | - Mario Altamura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia 71121, Italy
| | - Carla Piccininni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia 71121, Italy
| | - Chiara Griseta
- Population Health Unit – “Salus In Apulia Study”, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (Bari) 70013, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bortone
- Population Health Unit – “Salus In Apulia Study”, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (Bari) 70013, Italy
| | - Fabio Castellana
- Population Health Unit – “Salus In Apulia Study”, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (Bari) 70013, Italy
| | - Roberta Zupo
- Population Health Unit – “Salus In Apulia Study”, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (Bari) 70013, Italy
| | - Rossella Donghia
- Population Health Unit – “Salus In Apulia Study”, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (Bari) 70013, Italy
| | - Vito Guerra
- Population Health Unit – “Salus In Apulia Study”, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (Bari) 70013, Italy
| | - Emanuela Resta
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Science, Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70121, Italy
- Translational Medicine and Management of Health Systems, University of Foggia, Foggia 71121, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cisternino
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (Bari) 70013, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Caruso
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (Bari) 70013, Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome 00187, Italy
- Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 168, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari 7012, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia 71121, Italy
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Population Health Unit – “Salus In Apulia Study”, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (Bari) 70013, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal 14558, Germany
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Population Health Unit – “Salus In Apulia Study”, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (Bari) 70013, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- Population Health Unit – “Salus In Apulia Study”, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte (Bari) 70013, Italy
| | - Madia Lozupone
- Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70121, Italy
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Amen DG, Wu J, George N, Newberg A. Patterns of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow as a Function of Obesity in Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:1331-1337. [PMID: 32773393 PMCID: PMC7683049 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: While obesity has been shown to be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, the potential mechanisms underlying this risk may be clarified with better understanding of underlying physiology in obese persons. Objective: To identify patterns of cerebral perfusion abnormality in adults as a function of body mass index (BMI) defined weight categories, including overweight or obese status. Methods: A large psychiatric cohort of 35,442 brain scans across 17,721 adults (mean age 40.8±16.2 years, range 18–94 years) were imaged with SPECT during baseline and concentration scans, the latter done after each participant completed the Connors Continuous Performance Test II. ANOVA was done to identify patterns of perfusion abnormality in this cohort across BMI designations of underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (BMI = 18.5 to 24.9), overweight (BMI 24.9 to 29.9), obesity (BMI≥30), and morbid obesity (BMI≥40). This analysis was done for 128 brain regions quantifying SPECT perfusion using the automated anatomical labeling (AAL) atlas. Results: Across adulthood, higher BMI correlated with decreased perfusion on both resting and concentration brain SPECT scans. These are seen in virtually all brain regions, including those influenced by AD pathology such as the hippocampus. Conclusion: Greater BMI is associated with cerebral perfusion decreases in both resting and concentration SPECT scans across adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew Newberg
- Thomas Jefferson University and Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Chen Y, Demnitz N, Yamamoto S, Yaffe K, Lawlor B, Leroi I. Defining brain health: A concept analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 37. [PMID: 34131954 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brain health is an important focus for coming decades due to population ageing. Although the term 'brain health' is increasingly used in lay and professional settings, a clear definition of the term is lacking. We conducted an analysis of the concept of brain health to inform policy, practice, and research. METHODS We applied a hybrid concept analysis method involving three stages: (1) a review of the extant literature for definitions of brain health; (2) field work, involving an international survey of 'brain health' researchers and practitioners; and (3) a final analysis, integrating the findings into a working definition and model. RESULTS Our review of the literature identified 13 articles defining brain health, six of which proposed their own definition. Our survey revealed that the term 'brain health' was used in diverse ways based on different theoretical frameworks. From the review and survey, we extracted attributes, antecedents, and consequences of brain health. These were synthesized into a definition of brain health as a life-long, multidimensional, dynamic state consisting of cognitive, emotional and motor domains underpinned by physiological processes and can be objectively measured and subjectively experienced. It is influenced by eco-biopsychosocial determinants. CONCLUSION This working definition of brain health is a foundation for developing policy, practice, research and advocacy. The definition needs to be operationalised through further development of empirical referents, including cross-cultural understanding, adaptation and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Chen
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Univ.Lille, Inserm UMR-S1172, Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, CHU Lille, LiCEND, Lille, France
- Department of Geriatrics, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Naiara Demnitz
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Stacey Yamamoto
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Iracema Leroi
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Avila-Ramírez J, Calderón-Garcidueñas A, González-Heredia T, Acuña-Ayala H, Chao CK, Thompson C, Ruiz-Ramos R, Cortés-González V, Martínez-Martínez L, García-Pérez MA, Reis J, Mukherjee PS, Torres-Jardón R, Lachmann I. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Highly Exposed PM2.5 Urbanites: The Risk of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases in Young Mexico City Residents. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:597-613. [PMID: 27567860 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) above US EPA standards is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, while Mn toxicity induces parkinsonism. Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) children have pre- and postnatal sustained and high exposures to PM2.5, O3, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. Young MCMA residents exhibit frontal tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloid-β (Aβ)1 - 42 diffuse plaques, and aggregated and hyperphosphorylated α-synuclein in olfactory nerves and key brainstem nuclei. We measured total prion protein (TPrP), total tau (T-tau), tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-Tau), Aβ1-42, α-synuclein (t-α-syn and d-α-synuclein), BDNF, insulin, leptin, and/or inflammatory mediators, in 129 normal CSF samples from MCMA and clean air controls. Aβ1-42 and BDNF concentrations were significantly lower in MCMA children versus controls (p = 0.005 and 0.02, respectively). TPrP increased with cumulative PM2.5 up to 5 μg/m3 and then decreased, regardless of cumulative value or age (R2 = 0.56). TPrP strongly correlated with T-Tau and P-Tau, while d-α-synuclein showed a significant correlation with TNFα, IL10, and IL6 in MCMA children. Total synuclein showed an increment in childhood years related to cumulated PM2.5, followed by a decrease after age 12 years (R2 = 0.47), while d-α-synuclein exhibited a tendency to increase with cumulated PM2.5 (R2 = 0.30). CSF Aβ1-42, BDNF, α-synuclein, and TPrP changes are evolving in young MCMA urbanites historically showing underperformance in cognitive processes, odor identification deficits, downregulation of frontal cellular PrP, and neuropathological AD and PD hallmarks. Neuroprotection of young MCMA residents ought to be a public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rubén Ruiz-Ramos
- Instituto de Medicina Forense, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, México
| | | | | | | | - Jacques Reis
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Villarreal-Ríos R. Living close to heavy traffic roads, air pollution, and dementia. Lancet 2017; 389:675-677. [PMID: 28063596 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, 04850 México.
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