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Linden I, Wolfs C, Hevink M, Dirksen C, Ponds R, Perry M. Why to test for dementia: perspectives of patients, significant others and general practitioners. Age Ageing 2024; 53:afad251. [PMID: 38251737 PMCID: PMC10801826 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to provide greater insight into the current decision-making process on diagnostic testing for dementia by exploring the expectations, needs and experiences of patients with memory complaints, significant others and general practitioners (GPs). METHODS We performed semi-structured interviews with patients (>60 years) who consulted their GP on memory complaints, significant others and GPs. Participants were recruited until data saturation was reached in thematic analysis of interview transcripts. RESULTS We performed 51 interviews (patients n = 20, significant others n = 15, GPs n = 16). Thematic analysis revealed four themes: (i) 'drivers to (not) testing', i.e. need to act on symptoms, beliefs on the necessity and expected outcomes of diagnostic testing; (ii) 'patient preferences and context are critical in the actual decision', i.e. in the actual decision-making process interpretation of symptoms, GPs' desire to meet patient preferences, social context and healthcare system dynamics guided the decision; (iii) 'need for individualised communication in the decision-making process', i.e. for patients feeling heard was a prerequisite for decision-making and GPs tailored communication strategies to individual patients and (iv) 'GP practice and barriers to shared decision-making (SDM)', i.e. although GPs value SDM in the decision on diagnostic testing for dementia, patients express limited awareness of the decision and options at stake. CONCLUSIONS Decision-making on diagnostic testing for dementia is a multifactorial and preference-guided process for all involved stakeholders, but decisions are often not explicitly jointly made. Development of patient decision aids could facilitate better involvement and more informed choices by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Linden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Wolfs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maud Hevink
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Dirksen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment (KEMTA), Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf Ponds
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Perry
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Hirschberg Y, Valle‐Tamayo N, Dols‐Icardo O, Engelborghs S, Buelens B, Vandenbroucke RE, Vermeiren Y, Boonen K, Mertens I. Proteomic comparison between non-purified cerebrospinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid-derived extracellular vesicles from patients with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Lewy body dementia. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12383. [PMID: 38082559 PMCID: PMC10714029 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a leading cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence as global life expectancy increases. The most common neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). With this study, we took an in-depth look at the proteome of the (non-purified) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the CSF-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) of AD, PD, PD-MCI (Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment), PDD and DLB patients analysed by label-free mass spectrometry. This has led to the discovery of differentially expressed proteins that may be helpful for differential diagnosis. We observed a greater number of differentially expressed proteins in CSF-derived EV samples (N = 276) compared to non-purified CSF (N = 169), with minimal overlap between both datasets. This finding suggests that CSF-derived EV samples may be more suitable for the discovery phase of a biomarker study, due to the removal of more abundant proteins, resulting in a narrower dynamic range. As disease-specific markers, we selected a total of 39 biomarker candidates identified in non-purified CSF, and 37 biomarker candidates across the different diseases under investigation in the CSF-derived EV data. After further exploration and validation of these proteins, they can be used to further differentiate between the included dementias and may offer new avenues for research into more disease-specific pharmacological therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Hirschberg
- Health UnitFlemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)MolBelgium
- Centre for Proteomics (CfP)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Natalia Valle‐Tamayo
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Sant Pau Biomedical Research InstituteHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Oriol Dols‐Icardo
- Department of Neurology, Sant Pau Memory Unit, Sant Pau Biomedical Research InstituteHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Neurology and Bru‐BRAINUniversitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and NEUR Research Group, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)BrusselsBelgium
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Bart Buelens
- Data Science Hub, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)MolBelgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Yannick Vermeiren
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Translational NeurosciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group of Nutritional BiologyWageningen University & Research (WUR)WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Kurt Boonen
- Health UnitFlemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)MolBelgium
- Centre for Proteomics (CfP)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Inge Mertens
- Health UnitFlemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)MolBelgium
- Centre for Proteomics (CfP)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
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Duchateau L, Küҫükali F, De Roeck A, Wittens MMJ, Temmerman J, Weets I, Timmers M, Engelborghs S, Bjerke M, Sleegers K. CSF biomarker analysis of ABCA7 mutation carriers suggests altered APP processing and reduced inflammatory response. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:195. [PMID: 37946268 PMCID: PMC10634183 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk gene ABCA7 has suggested functions in lipid metabolism and the immune system. Rare premature termination codon (PTC) mutations and an expansion of a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in the gene, both likely cause a lower ABCA7 expression and hereby increased risk for AD. However, the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. By studying CSF biomarkers reflecting different types of AD-related pathological processes, we aim to get a better insight in those processes and establish a biomarker profile of mutation carriers. METHODS The study population consisted of 229 AD patients for whom CSF was available and ABCA7 sequencing and VNTR genotyping had been performed. This included 28 PTC mutation and 16 pathogenic expansion carriers. CSF levels of Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, P-tau181, T-tau, sAPPα, sAPPβ, YKL-40, and hFABP were determined using ELISA and Meso Scale Discovery assays. We compared differences in levels of these biomarkers and the Aβ ratio between AD patients with or without an ABCA7 PTC mutation or expansion using linear regression on INT-transformed data with APOE-status, age and sex as covariates. RESULTS Carriers of ABCA7 expansion mutations had significantly lower Aβ1-42 levels (P = 0.022) compared with non-carrier patients. The effect of the presence of ABCA7 mutations on CSF levels was especially pronounced in APOE ε4-negative carriers. In addition, VNTR expansion carriers had reduced Aβ1-40 (P = 0.023), sAPPα (P = 0.047), sAPPβ (P = 0.016), and YKL-40 (P = 0.0036) levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results are suggestive for an effect on APP processing by repeat expansions given the changes in the amyloid-related CSF biomarkers that were found in carriers. The decrease in YKL-40 levels in expansion carriers moreover suggests that these patients potentially have a reduced inflammatory response to AD damage. Moreover, our findings suggest the existence of a mechanism, independent of lowered expression, affecting neuropathology in expansion carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Duchateau
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Building V, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, B-2610, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Fahri Küҫükali
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Building V, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, B-2610, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Arne De Roeck
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Building V, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, B-2610, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
- Present Address: Argenx, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mandy M J Wittens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biology, University Hospital Brussels, Generaal Jacqueslaan 137, Elsene, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Joke Temmerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
- Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Jette, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
| | - Ilse Weets
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biology, University Hospital Brussels, Generaal Jacqueslaan 137, Elsene, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
| | - Maarten Timmers
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
- Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse, 2340, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Jette, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Bru-BRAIN, University Hospital Brussels, Generaal Jacqueslaan 137, Elsene, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biology, University Hospital Brussels, Generaal Jacqueslaan 137, Elsene, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Jette, Brussels, 1090, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Building V, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, B-2610, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium.
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Bednorz A, Religa D. Utility of the Comprehensive Trail Making Test in the Assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Patients. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:108. [PMID: 37987468 PMCID: PMC10660718 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8060108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to determine the usefulness of the CTMT (Comprehensive Trail Making Test) in diagnosing mild cognitive impairment in older patients. The test is used to assess executive functions, of which impairment is already observed in the early stages of the neurodegenerative process. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study includes 98 patients of a geriatric ward assigned to 2 groups of 49 patients each: patients diagnosed with a mild cognitive impairment and patients without a cognitive impairment, constituting the control group (group K). A set of screening tests was used in the initial study: the MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination), MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), and CDT (Clock Drawing Test), GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale). The second study included the performance of the CTMT; the performance indicator was the time of performance. RESULTS Statistically significant differences are obtained between patients with mild cognitive impairments and those in cognitive normality in the performance of the CTMT test (p < 0.01). Patients with MCIs took longer to complete all trails of the test. To identify cognitive impairment, cutoff points were proposed for the CTMT total score and the other test trails. The CTMT overall score and CTMT 5 scored the highest AUCs (CTMT overall score = 0.77, CTMT Trail 5 = 0.80). CONCLUSIONS The Comprehensive Trail Making Test may be useful in diagnosing mild cognitive impairment as a complementary screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bednorz
- John Paul II Geriatric Hospital, 40-353 Katowice, Poland;
- Institute of Psychology, Humanitas Academy, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dorota Religa
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
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Richter AL, Diepeveen-de Bruin M, Balvers MG, de Groot LC, De Deyn PP, Engelborghs S, Witkamp RF, Vermeiren Y. Association between Low Vitamin D Status, Serotonin, and Clinico-Biobehavioral Parameters in Alzheimer's Disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2023; 52:318-326. [PMID: 37806302 PMCID: PMC10911141 DOI: 10.1159/000534492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies suggest a role of vitamin D in the progression and symptomatology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with few in vitro studies pointing to effects on serotonergic and amyloidogenic turnover. However, limited data exist in AD patients on the potential association with cognition and behavioral and psychological signs and symptoms of dementia (BPSD). In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we, therefore, explored potential correlations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentrations, indicative of vitamin D status, with serum serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) levels, cognitive/BPSD scorings, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels. METHODS Frozen serum samples of 25 well-characterized AD subjects as part of a previous BPSD cohort were analyzed, of which 15 had a neuropathologically confirmed diagnosis. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were analyzed by means of LC-MS/MS, whereas 5-HT concentrations were quantified by competitive ELISA. RESULTS Among AD patients, vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent, defined as levels below 50 nmol/L. Regression analyses, adjusted for age, gender, and psychotropic medications, revealed that serum 25(OH)D3 and 5-HT levels were positively associated (p = 0.012). Furthermore, serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations correlated inversely with CSF amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) levels (p = 0.006), and serum 5-HT levels correlated positively with aggressiveness (p = 0.001), frontal behavior (p = 0.001), depression (p = 0.004), and partly with cognitive performance (p < 0.005). Lastly, AD patients on cholinesterase inhibitors had higher serum 25(OH)D3 (p = 0.030) and lower serum 5-HT (p = 0.012) levels. CONCLUSIONS The molecular associations between low vitamin D status, serum 5-HT, and CSF Aβ1-42 levels are highly remarkable, warranting further mechanistic and intervention studies to disclose potential involvement in the clinico-biobehavioral pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Richter
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies Diepeveen-de Bruin
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel G.J. Balvers
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette C.P.G.M. de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Middelheim General Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Bru-BRAIN, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Renger F. Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yannick Vermeiren
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Zou Y, Yu S, Ma X, Ma C, Mao C, Mu D, Li L, Gao J, Qiu L. How far is the goal of applying β-amyloid in cerebrospinal fluid for clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease with standardization of measurements? Clin Biochem 2023; 112:33-42. [PMID: 36473516 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β-amyloid (Aβ) is important for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the cohort distributions and cut-off values have large variation across different analytical assays, kits, and laboratories. In this review, we summarize the cut-off values and diagnostic performance for CSF Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40, and explore the important effect factors. Based on the Alzheimer's Association external quality control program (AAQC program), the peer group coefficient of variation of manual ELISA assays for CSF Aβ1-42 was unsatisfied (>20%). Fully automated platforms with better performance have recently been developed, but still not widely applied. In 2020, the certified reference material (CRM) for CSF Aβ1-42 was launched; however, the AAQC 2021-round results did not show effective improvements. Thus, further development and popularization of CRM for CSF Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 are urgently required. Standardizing the diagnostic procedures of AD and related status and the pre-analytical protocols of CSF samples, improving detection performance of analytical assays, and popularizing the application of fully automated platforms are also important for the establishment of uniform cut-off values. Moreover, each laboratory should verify the applicability of uniform cut-off values, and evaluate whether it is necessary to establish its own population- and assay-specific cut-off values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Songlin Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China; Medical Science Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chaochao Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chenhui Mao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Danni Mu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
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Giraldo DL, Smith RE, Struyfs H, Niemantsverdriet E, De Roeck E, Bjerke M, Engelborghs S, Romero E, Sijbers J, Jeurissen B. Investigating Tissue-Specific Abnormalities in Alzheimer's Disease with Multi-Shell Diffusion MRI. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1771-1791. [PMID: 36336929 PMCID: PMC9789487 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies using diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have focused their analyses on white matter (WM) microstructural changes using the diffusion (kurtosis) tensor model. Although recent works have addressed some limitations of the tensor model, such as the representation of crossing fibers and partial volume effects with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the focus remains in modeling and analyzing the WM. OBJECTIVE In this work, we present a brain analysis approach for DW-MRI that disentangles multiple tissue compartments as well as micro- and macroscopic effects to investigate differences between groups of subjects in the AD continuum and controls. METHODS By means of the multi-tissue constrained spherical deconvolution of multi-shell DW-MRI, underlying brain tissue is modeled with a WM fiber orientation distribution function along with the contributions of gray matter (GM) and CSF to the diffusion signal. From this multi-tissue model, a set of measures capturing tissue diffusivity properties and morphology are extracted. Group differences were interrogated following fixel-, voxel-, and tensor-based morphometry approaches while including strong FWE control across multiple comparisons. RESULTS Abnormalities related to AD stages were detected in WM tracts including the splenium, cingulum, longitudinal fasciculi, and corticospinal tract. Changes in tissue composition were identified, particularly in the medial temporal lobe and superior longitudinal fasciculus. CONCLUSION This analysis framework constitutes a comprehensive approach allowing simultaneous macro and microscopic assessment of WM, GM, and CSF, from a single DW-MRI dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L. Giraldo
- Computer Imaging and Medical Applications Laboratory - Cim@Lab, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia,imec-Vision Lab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,μNEURO Research Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Robert E. Smith
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia,The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hanne Struyfs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellis Niemantsverdriet
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Roeck
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Clinical Chemistry, and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Department of Neurology, and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eduardo Romero
- Computer Imaging and Medical Applications Laboratory - Cim@Lab, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jan Sijbers
- imec-Vision Lab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,μNEURO Research Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ben Jeurissen
- imec-Vision Lab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,μNEURO Research Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Lab for Equilibrium Investigations and Aerospace, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Correspondence to: Ben Jeurissen, PhD, imec - Vision Lab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp (CDE), Universiteitsplein 1, Building N, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Tel.: +32 3 265 24 77; E-mail:
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Laton J, Van Schependom J, Goossens J, Wiels W, Sieben A, De Deyn PP, Goeman J, Streffer J, van der Zee J, Martin JJ, Van Broeckhoven C, De Vos M, Bjerke M, Nagels G, Engelborghs S. Improved Alzheimer's Disease versus Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Differential Diagnosis Combining EEG and Neurochemical Biomarkers: A Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1739-1747. [PMID: 36336933 PMCID: PMC9789474 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinguishing between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) results in poor diagnostic accuracy. OBJECTIVE To investigate the utility of electroencephalography (EEG)-based biomarkers in comparison and in addition to established cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in the AD versus FTLD differential diagnosis. METHODS The study cohort comprised 37 AD and 30 FTLD patients, of which 17 AD and 9 FTLD patients had definite diagnoses. All participants had CSF neurochemical (NCM) biomarker analyses (Aβ1-42, T-tau, P-tau181, and Nf-L) and underwent 19-channel resting-state EEG. From the EEG spectra, dominant frequency peaks were extracted in four regions resulting in four dominant frequencies. This produced eight features (4 NCM + 4 EEG). RESULTS When NCM and EEG markers were combined, the diagnostic accuracy increased significantly. In the whole group, the accuracy went up from 79% (NCM) to almost 82%, while in the definite group only, it went up from around 85% to almost 95%. Two differences in the occurrence of the dominant EEG frequency were discovered: people lacking a clear dominant peak almost all had definite AD, while people with two peaks more often had FTLD. CONCLUSION Combining EEG with NCM biomarkers resulted in differential diagnostic accuracies of 82% in clinically diagnosed AD and FTD patients and of 95% in patients having a definite diagnosis, which was significantly better than with EEG or NCM biomarkers alone. This suggests that NCM and EEG markers are complementary, revealing different aspects of the disease and therefore confirms again their relevance in developing additional diagnosis tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorne Laton
- AIMS, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Correspondence to: Prof. Dr. Sebastiaan Engelborghs, UZ Brussel, Department of Neurology, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail: and Dr. ir. Jorne Laton, AIMS, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail:
| | - Jeroen Van Schependom
- AIMS, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium,Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joery Goossens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wietse Wiels
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR), Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium,Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Sieben
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium,Alzheimer Center Groningen, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Goeman
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johannes Streffer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,AC Immune SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Edegem, Belgium
| | | | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Maarten De Vos
- ESAT - Department of Electrical Engineering and Department of Development & Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR), Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium,Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Nagels
- AIMS, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium,Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium,Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,St Edmund Hall, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium,Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR), Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium,Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium,Correspondence to: Prof. Dr. Sebastiaan Engelborghs, UZ Brussel, Department of Neurology, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail: and Dr. ir. Jorne Laton, AIMS, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail:
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9
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Jansen IE, van der Lee SJ, Gomez-Fonseca D, de Rojas I, Dalmasso MC, Grenier-Boley B, Zettergren A, Mishra A, Ali M, Andrade V, Bellenguez C, Kleineidam L, Küçükali F, Sung YJ, Tesí N, Vromen EM, Wightman DP, Alcolea D, Alegret M, Alvarez I, Amouyel P, Athanasiu L, Bahrami S, Bailly H, Belbin O, Bergh S, Bertram L, Biessels GJ, Blennow K, Blesa R, Boada M, Boland A, Buerger K, Carracedo Á, Cervera-Carles L, Chene G, Claassen JAHR, Debette S, Deleuze JF, de Deyn PP, Diehl-Schmid J, Djurovic S, Dols-Icardo O, Dufouil C, Duron E, Düzel E, Fladby T, Fortea J, Frölich L, García-González P, Garcia-Martinez M, Giegling I, Goldhardt O, Gobom J, Grimmer T, Haapasalo A, Hampel H, Hanon O, Hausner L, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Helisalmi S, Heneka MT, Hernández I, Herukka SK, Holstege H, Jarholm J, Kern S, Knapskog AB, Koivisto AM, Kornhuber J, Kuulasmaa T, Lage C, Laske C, Leinonen V, Lewczuk P, Lleó A, de Munain AL, Lopez-Garcia S, Maier W, Marquié M, Mol MO, Montrreal L, Moreno F, Moreno-Grau S, Nicolas G, Nöthen MM, Orellana A, Pålhaugen L, Papma JM, Pasquier F, Perneczky R, Peters O, Pijnenburg YAL, Popp J, Posthuma D, Pozueta A, Priller J, Puerta R, Quintela I, Ramakers I, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Rujescu D, Saltvedt I, Sanchez-Juan P, Scheltens P, Scherbaum N, Schmid M, Schneider A, Selbæk G, Selnes P, Shadrin A, Skoog I, Soininen H, Tárraga L, Teipel S, Tijms B, Tsolaki M, Van Broeckhoven C, Van Dongen J, van Swieten JC, Vandenberghe R, Vidal JS, Visser PJ, Vogelgsang J, Waern M, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Wittens MMJ, Zetterberg H, Zulaica M, van Duijn CM, Bjerke M, Engelborghs S, Jessen F, Teunissen CE, Pastor P, Hiltunen M, Ingelsson M, Andreassen OA, Clarimón J, Sleegers K, Ruiz A, Ramirez A, Cruchaga C, Lambert JC, van der Flier W. Genome-wide meta-analysis for Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:821-842. [PMID: 36066633 PMCID: PMC9547780 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) and phosphorylated tau (pTau) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reflect core features of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) more directly than clinical diagnosis. Initiated by the European Alzheimer & Dementia Biobank (EADB), the largest collaborative effort on genetics underlying CSF biomarkers was established, including 31 cohorts with a total of 13,116 individuals (discovery n = 8074; replication n = 5042 individuals). Besides the APOE locus, novel associations with two other well-established AD risk loci were observed; CR1 was shown a locus for Aβ42 and BIN1 for pTau. GMNC and C16orf95 were further identified as loci for pTau, of which the latter is novel. Clustering methods exploring the influence of all known AD risk loci on the CSF protein levels, revealed 4 biological categories suggesting multiple Aβ42 and pTau related biological pathways involved in the etiology of AD. In functional follow-up analyses, GMNC and C16orf95 both associated with lateral ventricular volume, implying an overlap in genetic etiology for tau levels and brain ventricular volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris E Jansen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Section Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Human Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Duber Gomez-Fonseca
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Carolina Dalmasso
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Neurosciences and Complex Systems Unit (ENyS), CONICET, Hospital El Cruce, National University A. Jauretche (UNAJ), Florencio Varela, Argentina
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE / Labex DISTALZ - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aniket Mishra
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Victor Andrade
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE / Labex DISTALZ - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Fahri Küçükali
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Niccolo Tesí
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Section Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Human Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen M Vromen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas P Wightman
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Alegret
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
- Fundació per a la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE / Labex DISTALZ - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shahram Bahrami
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henri Bailly
- Université Paris Cité, EA4468, Maladie d'Alzheimer, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivia Belbin
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sverre Bergh
- The Research-Centre for Age-Related Functional Decline and Disease, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Rafael Blesa
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB3-ISCIII), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-CIBERER-IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera-Carles
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Geneviève Chene
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 2115, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Peter Paul de Deyn
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
- kbo-Inn-Salzach-Hospital, Wasserburg am Inn, Germany
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, NORMENT Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oriol Dols-Icardo
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carole Dufouil
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Pôle de Santé Publique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Juan Fortea
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pablo García-González
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Garcia-Martinez
- Cognitive Impairment Unit, Neurology Service, "Marqués de Valdecilla" University Hospital, Institute for Research "Marques de Valdecilla" (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ina Giegling
- Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Goldhardt
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Gobom
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Timo Grimmer
- Center for Cognitive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Harald Hampel
- Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Neurology Business Group, Eisai Inc, 100 Tice Blvd, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - Olivier Hanon
- Université Paris Cité, EA4468, Maladie d'Alzheimer, F-75013 Paris, France
- Service gériatrie, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et Recherches Ile de France-Broca, AP-HP, Hôpital Broca, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Seppo Helisalmi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henne Holstege
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Section Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Human Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Jarholm
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Silke Kern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Anne M Koivisto
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carmen Lage
- Cognitive Impairment Unit, Neurology Service, "Marqués de Valdecilla" University Hospital, Institute for Research "Marques de Valdecilla" (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Atlantic Fellow at the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI) -, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ville Leinonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Alberto Lleó
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Donostia-OSAKIDETZA, Donostia, Spain
- Instituto Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
- University of The Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Sara Lopez-Garcia
- Cognitive Impairment Unit, Neurology Service, "Marqués de Valdecilla" University Hospital, Institute for Research "Marques de Valdecilla" (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marta Marquié
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Merel O Mol
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Montrreal
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fermin Moreno
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Donostia-OSAKIDETZA, Donostia, Spain
- Instituto Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sonia Moreno-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gael Nicolas
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lene Pålhaugen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Janne M Papma
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE / Labex DISTALZ - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julius Popp
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zürich and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Pozueta
- Cognitive Impairment Unit, Neurology Service, "Marqués de Valdecilla" University Hospital, Institute for Research "Marques de Valdecilla" (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der isar, Technical University Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Puerta
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Quintela
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB3-ISCIII), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Inez Ramakers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychologie, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Cognitive Impairment Unit, Neurology Service, "Marqués de Valdecilla" University Hospital, Institute for Research "Marques de Valdecilla" (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Geriatrics, St Olav Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Selnes
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Alexey Shadrin
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lluís Tárraga
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Betty Tijms
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jasper Van Dongen
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - John C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Pieter J Visser
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Vogelgsang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Margda Waern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Psychosis Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Medical Science Department, iBiMED, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mandy M J Wittens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miren Zulaica
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Donostia-OSAKIDETZA, Donostia, Spain
- Instituto Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pau Pastor
- Unit of Neurodegenerative diseases, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol and The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health, Oslo, Norway
- Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE / Labex DISTALZ - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Wiesje van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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10
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Fan DY, Jian JM, Huang S, Li WW, Shen YY, Wang Z, Zeng GH, Yi X, Jin WS, Liu YH, Zeng F, Bu XL, Chen LY, Mao QX, Xu ZQ, Yu JT, Wang J, Wang YJ. Establishment of combined diagnostic models of Alzheimer's disease in a Chinese cohort: the Chongqing Ageing & Dementia Study (CADS). Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:252. [PMID: 35710549 PMCID: PMC9203516 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are essential for the accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet their measurement levels vary widely across centers and regions, leaving no uniform cutoff values to date. Diagnostic cutoff values of CSF biomarkers for AD are lacking for the Chinese population. As a member of the Alzheimer's Association Quality Control program for CSF biomarkers, we aimed to establish diagnostic models based on CSF biomarkers and risk factors for AD in a Chinese cohort. A total of 64 AD dementia patients and 105 age- and sex-matched cognitively normal (CN) controls from the Chongqing Ageing & Dementia Study cohort were included. CSF Aβ42, P-tau181, and T-tau levels were measured by ELISA. Combined biomarker models and integrative models with demographic characteristics were established by logistic regression. The cutoff values to distinguish AD from CN were 933 pg/mL for Aβ42, 48.7 pg/mL for P-tau181 and 313 pg/mL for T-tau. The AN model, including Aβ42 and T-tau, had a higher diagnostic accuracy of 89.9%. Integrating age and APOE ε4 status to AN model (the ANA'E model) increased the diagnostic accuracy to 90.5% and improved the model performance. This study established cutoff values of CSF biomarkers and optimal combined models for AD diagnosis in a Chinese cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yu Fan
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China ,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China ,grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Shigatse Branch, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shigatse, China
| | - Jie-Ming Jian
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China ,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Huang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China ,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China ,grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China ,grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China ,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China ,Department of Neurology, Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Ying Shen
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China ,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Critical Care Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Hua Zeng
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China ,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Yi
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China ,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang-Sheng Jin
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China ,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Hui Liu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China ,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Zeng
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China ,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian-Le Bu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China ,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Yong Chen
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Anaesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Xiang Mao
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Anaesthesiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China ,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Smedinga M, Bunnik EM, Richard E, Schermer MHN. Should Doctors Offer Biomarker Testing to Those Afraid to Develop Alzheimer's Dementia? : Applying the Method of Reflective Equilibrium for a Clinical Dilemma. JOURNAL OF BIOETHICAL INQUIRY 2022; 19:287-297. [PMID: 35306635 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-022-10167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of people seek medical attention for mild cognitive symptoms at older age, worried that they might develop Alzheimer's disease. Some clinical practice guidelines suggest offering biomarker testing in such cases, using a brain scan or a lumbar puncture, to improve diagnostic certainty about Alzheimer's disease and enable an earlier diagnosis. Critics, on the other hand, point out that there is no effective Alzheimer treatment available and argue that biomarker tests lack clinical validity. The debate on the ethical desirability of biomarker testing is currently polarized; advocates and opponents tend to focus on their own line of arguments. In this paper, we show how the method of reflective equilibrium (RE) can be used to systematically weigh the relevant arguments on both sides of the debate to decide whether to offer Alzheimer biomarker testing. In the tradition of RE, we reflect upon these arguments in light of their coherence with other argumentative elements, including relevant facts (e.g. on the clinical validity of the test), ethical principles, and theories on societal ideals or relevant concepts, such as autonomy. Our stance in the debate therefore rests upon previously set out in-depth arguments and reflects a wide societal perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Smedinga
- Department of Medical Ethics, Philosophy and History of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Reinier Postlaan 4, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Eline M Bunnik
- Department of Medical Ethics, Philosophy and History of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edo Richard
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Reinier Postlaan 4, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje H N Schermer
- Department of Medical Ethics, Philosophy and History of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Bridel C, Somers C, Sieben A, Rozemuller A, Niemantsverdriet E, Struyfs H, Vermeiren Y, Van Broeckhoven C, De Deyn PP, Bjerke M, Nagels G, Teunissen CE, Engelborghs S. Associating Alzheimer’s disease pathology with its cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Brain 2022; 145:4056-4064. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers 42 amino acid long amyloid-β peptide (Aβ1-42), total tau protein (T-tau), and tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-tau181) are considered surrogate biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology, and significantly improve diagnostic accuracy. Their ability to reflect neuropathological changes later in the disease course is not well characterized. This study aimed to assess the potential of CSF biomarkers measured in mid- to late-stage Alzheimer’s disease to reflect post mortem neuropathological changes. Individuals were selected from 2 autopsy cohorts of Alzheimer’s disease patients in Antwerp and Amsterdam. Neuropathological diagnosis was performed according to the updated consensus National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association guidelines by Montine et al, which includes quantification of amyloid beta plaque, neurofibrillary tangle, and neuritic plaque load. CSF samples were analyzed for Aβ1-42, T-tau, and P-tau181 by ELISA. 114 cases of pure definite Alzheimer’s disease were included in the study (mean age 74 years, disease duration 6 years at CSF sampling, 50% females). Median interval between CSF sampling and death was one year. We found no association between Aβ1-42 and Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological change profile. In contrast, an association of P-tau181 and T-tau with Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological change profile was observed. P-tau181 was associated with all three individual Montine scores, and the associations became stronger and more significant as the interval between lumbar puncture and death increased. T-tau was also associated with all three Montine scores, but in individuals with longer intervals from lumbar puncture to death only. Stratification of the cohort according to APOE ε4 carrier status revealed that the associations applied mostly to APOE ε4 non-carriers. Our data suggest that similarly to what has been reported for Aβ1-42, plateau levels of P-tau181 and T-tau are reached during the disease course, albeit at later disease stages, reducing the potential of tau biomarkers to monitor Alzheimer’s disease pathology as the disease progresses. As a consequence, CSF biomarkers, which are performant for clinical diagnosis of early Alzheimer’s disease, may not be well suited for staging or monitoring Alzheimer’s disease pathology as it progresses through later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bridel
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charisse Somers
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne Sieben
- Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annemieke Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellis Niemantsverdriet
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Struyfs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yannick Vermeiren
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Chair Group of Nutritional Biology, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter P. De Deyn
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Brussels, Belgium
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Nagels
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Brussels, Belgium
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Brussels, Belgium
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Xu J, Green R, Kim M, Lord J, Ebshiana A, Westwood S, Baird AL, Nevado-Holgado AJ, Shi L, Hye A, Snowden SG, Bos I, Vos SJB, Vandenberghe R, Teunissen CE, Kate MT, Scheltens P, Gabel S, Meersmans K, Blin O, Richardson J, De Roeck EE, Engelborghs S, Sleegers K, Bordet R, Rami L, Kettunen P, Tsolaki M, Verhey FRJ, Alcolea D, Lleó A, Peyratout G, Tainta M, Johannsen P, Freund-Levi Y, Frölich L, Dobricic V, Frisoni GB, Molinuevo JL, Wallin A, Popp J, Martinez-Lage P, Bertram L, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Streffer J, Visser PJ, Lovestone S, Proitsi P, Legido-Quigley C. Sex-Specific Metabolic Pathways Were Associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Endophenotypes in the European Medical Information Framework for AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery Cohort. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1610. [PMID: 34829839 PMCID: PMC8615383 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND physiological differences between males and females could contribute to the development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Here, we examined metabolic pathways that may lead to precision medicine initiatives. METHODS We explored whether sex modifies the association of 540 plasma metabolites with AD endophenotypes including diagnosis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, brain imaging, and cognition using regression analyses for 695 participants (377 females), followed by sex-specific pathway overrepresentation analyses, APOE ε4 stratification and assessment of metabolites' discriminatory performance in AD. RESULTS In females with AD, vanillylmandelate (tyrosine pathway) was increased and tryptophan betaine (tryptophan pathway) was decreased. The inclusion of these two metabolites (area under curve (AUC) = 0.83, standard error (SE) = 0.029) to a baseline model (covariates + CSF biomarkers, AUC = 0.92, SE = 0.019) resulted in a significantly higher AUC of 0.96 (SE = 0.012). Kynurenate was decreased in males with AD (AUC = 0.679, SE = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS metabolic sex-specific differences were reported, covering neurotransmission and inflammation pathways with AD endophenotypes. Two metabolites, in pathways related to dopamine and serotonin, were associated to females, paving the way to personalised treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (J.X.); (A.E.); (S.G.S.)
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK; (R.G.); (J.L.); (A.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Rebecca Green
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK; (R.G.); (J.L.); (A.H.); (S.L.)
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Min Kim
- Steno Diabetes Center, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark;
| | - Jodie Lord
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK; (R.G.); (J.L.); (A.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Amera Ebshiana
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (J.X.); (A.E.); (S.G.S.)
| | - Sarah Westwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; (S.W.); (A.L.B.); (A.J.N.-H.); (L.S.)
| | - Alison L. Baird
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; (S.W.); (A.L.B.); (A.J.N.-H.); (L.S.)
| | - Alejo J. Nevado-Holgado
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; (S.W.); (A.L.B.); (A.J.N.-H.); (L.S.)
| | - Liu Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; (S.W.); (A.L.B.); (A.J.N.-H.); (L.S.)
| | - Abdul Hye
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK; (R.G.); (J.L.); (A.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Stuart G. Snowden
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (J.X.); (A.E.); (S.G.S.)
| | - Isabelle Bos
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.B.); (R.V.); (M.T.K.); (P.S.); (P.J.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.J.B.V.); (F.R.J.V.)
| | - Stephanie J. B. Vos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.J.B.V.); (F.R.J.V.)
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.B.); (R.V.); (M.T.K.); (P.S.); (P.J.V.)
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Mara Ten Kate
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.B.); (R.V.); (M.T.K.); (P.S.); (P.J.V.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.B.); (R.V.); (M.T.K.); (P.S.); (P.J.V.)
| | - Silvy Gabel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Meersmans
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Blin
- Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacovigilance Department, Aix-Marseille University-CNRS, 13007 Marseille, France;
| | - Jill Richardson
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK;
| | - Ellen Elisa De Roeck
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.E.); (J.S.)
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.E.); (J.S.)
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium;
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Régis Bordet
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Lorena Rami
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.R.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Petronella Kettunen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (P.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 546 21 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Frans R. J. Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.J.B.V.); (F.R.J.V.)
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (D.A.); (A.L.)
| | | | - Mikel Tainta
- Fundación CITA-Alzhéimer Fundazioa, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Peter Johannsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Yvonne Freund-Levi
- Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Valerija Dobricic
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (V.D.); (L.B.)
| | - Giovanni B. Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, August Pi Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.R.); (J.L.M.)
- Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center, Unversitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anders Wallin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (P.K.); (A.W.)
| | - Julius Popp
- Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Martinez-Lage
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (V.D.); (L.B.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Mölndal, Sweden; (K.B.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 415 45 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Mölndal, Sweden; (K.B.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 415 45 Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Johannes Streffer
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (S.E.); (J.S.)
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (I.B.); (R.V.); (M.T.K.); (P.S.); (P.J.V.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.J.B.V.); (F.R.J.V.)
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK; (R.G.); (J.L.); (A.H.); (S.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; (S.W.); (A.L.B.); (A.J.N.-H.); (L.S.)
- Janssen-Cilag UK Ltd., Oxford HP12 4EG, UK
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK; (R.G.); (J.L.); (A.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (J.X.); (A.E.); (S.G.S.)
- Steno Diabetes Center, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark;
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14
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Willemse EAJ, Sieben A, Somers C, Vermeiren Y, De Roeck N, Timmers M, Van Broeckhoven C, De Vil B, Cras P, De Deyn PP, Martin JJ, Teunissen CE, Engelborghs S, Bjerke M. Neurogranin as biomarker in CSF is non-specific to Alzheimer's disease dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 108:99-109. [PMID: 34551375 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the specificity of neurogranin (Ng) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a dementia cohort. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Ng was measured (ELISA) in two independent cohorts: (1) clinical (n = 116; age 72±11 years): AD, non-AD (+high T-tau), and controls; and (2) autopsy-confirmed (n = 97; age 71±11 years): AD and non-AD, and 50 controls (age 60±6 years). In 16 autopsy-confirmed AD and 8 control subjects, Ng was measured in tissue (BA6+BA22). Ng was compared across diagnostic groups or neuropathological staging using multilinear regression models. Median[IQR] Ng concentrations were elevated in AD (414[315-499]pg/mL) and non-AD (464[319-699]pg/mL) compared to controls (260[193-306]pg/mL), but highest in AD-high-T-tau (874[716, 1148] pg/mL) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD; 828[703-1373]pg/mL) in cohort 1 (p < 0.01), but not in cohort 2: AD: 358[249-470]pg/mL; non-AD:245[137-416]pg/mL; controls: 259[193-370]pg/mL. Ng and tau biomarkers strongly correlated (r = 0.4-0.9, p < 0.05), except in CJD. CSF Ng concentrations were not associated with neuropathological AD hallmarks, nor with tissue Ng concentrations. CSF Ng is a general biomarker for synaptic degeneration, strongly correlating with CSF tau, but without added value for AD differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline A J Willemse
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Neurochemistry laboratory. Dept. of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center, Dept. of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Sieben
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charisse Somers
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yannick Vermeiren
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Naomi De Roeck
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maarten Timmers
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart De Vil
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Cras
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Martin
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry laboratory. Dept. of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel) and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Neurochemistry laboratory, Department of Clinical Biology and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel) and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
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15
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Girotra P, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Bungau S. Investigation of the Molecular Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:173-186. [PMID: 34424488 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01824-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), or abrineurin, is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors that acts on both the central and peripheral nervous systems. BDNF is also well known for its cardinal role in normal neural maturation. It binds to at least two receptors at the cell surface known as tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) and p75NTR. Additional neurotrophins that are anatomically linked with BDNF include neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), and nerve growth factor (NGF). It is evident that BDNF levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are altered. AD is a progressive disorder and a form of dementia, where the mental function of an elderly person is disrupted. It is associated with a progressive decline in cognitive function, which mainly targets the thinking, memory, and behavior of the person. The degeneration of neurons occurs in the cerebral cortex region of brain. The two major sources responsible for neuronal degeneration are protein fragment amyloid-beta (Aβ), which builds up in the spaces between the nerve cells, known as plaques, disrupting the neuron signaling pathway and leading to dementia, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are the twisted fibers of proteins that build up inside the cells. AD is highly prevalent, with recent data indicating nearly 5.8 million Americans aged 65 and older with AD in 2020, and with 80% of patients 75 and older. AD is recognized as the sixth leading cause of death in the USA, and its prevalence is predicted to increase exponentially in the coming years. As AD worsens over time, it becomes increasingly important to understand the exact pathophysiology, biomarkers, and treatment. In this article, we focus primarily on the controversial aspect of BDNF in AD, including its influence on various other proteins and enzymes and the current treatments associated with BDNF, along with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Girotra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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16
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Nous A, Wittens MMJ, Vermeiren Y, De Deyn PP, Van Broeckhoven C, Nagels G, Smolders I, Engelborghs S. Serum Daytime Melatonin Levels Reflect Cerebrospinal Fluid Melatonin Levels in Alzheimer's Disease but Are Not Correlated with Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:693-704. [PMID: 34366353 PMCID: PMC8543270 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nocturnal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood melatonin levels are altered in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, literature remains inconclusive on daytime blood melatonin levels. A positive correlation between melatonin levels and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores in AD subjects has been evidenced following cross-sectional analyses. Whereas a correlation between serum and spinal CSF melatonin has been shown in healthy volunteers, an equal investigation in AD patients still has to be undertaken. Objective: 1) To evaluate whether serum melatonin levels correlate with spinal CSF melatonin levels in AD. 2) To compare daytime CSF and serum melatonin levels between patients with AD dementia, mild cognitive impairment due to AD, and healthy controls, and to evaluate whether melatonin can affect cognitive decline in AD. Methods: Subjects with AD and healthy controls included in two existing cohorts, of whom a CSF and serum sample was available at the neurobiobank and had at least 6 months of neuropsychological follow-up, were included in the present study. Melatonin concentrations were measured with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Daytime serum melatonin levels correlated with spinal CSF melatonin levels in AD (r = 0.751, p < 0.001). No significant differences regarding daytime melatonin levels were found between patients and controls. No correlations were observed between daytime melatonin levels and MMSE score changes. Conclusion: Daytime serum melatonin accurately reflects CSF melatonin levels in AD, raising the possibility to assess melatonin alterations by solely performing blood sampling if also confirmed for night-time values. However, daytime melatonin levels are not associated with changes of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Nous
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mandy Melissa Jane Wittens
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yannick Vermeiren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group of Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Guy Nagels
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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17
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Nous A, Engelborghs S, Smolders I. Melatonin levels in the Alzheimer's disease continuum: a systematic review. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:52. [PMID: 33622399 PMCID: PMC7903801 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The search for new Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood biomarkers with potential pathophysiological and clinical relevance continues, as new biomarkers might lead to improved early and differential diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression and might even identify new druggable targets. Melatonin might be an interesting biomarker as an inverse correlation between CSF melatonin levels, and severity of the neuropathology as measured by Braak stages has been described. Melatonin can be measured in different body fluids, such as CSF, blood, saliva and urine. Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to review all available studies regarding melatonin levels in different body fluids in the AD continuum and give an extensive overview of reported outcomes. Methods We included papers comparing melatonin levels between healthy controls and human patients belonging to the AD continuum. A systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science led to inclusion of 20 full-length English papers following exclusion of duplicates. Results This systematic literature search showed that disruptions in melatonin levels occur with age, but also in AD when compared to age-matched controls. Night-time melatonin levels were found to be lower in CSF and blood of AD patients as compared to controls. Literature was not conclusive regarding alterations in blood daytime melatonin levels or regarding saliva melatonin in AD patients. Decreased total and night-time melatonin production has been described in urine of AD patients. Conclusion Our systematic review shows evidence for disruptions in (night-time) melatonin levels in AD as compared to age-matched controls. Although more studies are needed to understand the contribution of disruption of the melatonergic system to the pathophysiology of AD, the potential anti-AD effects that have been attributed to melatonin, renders research on this topic relevant for the discovery of potential future treatment effects of melatonin for AD. The use of melatonin as potential blood biomarker for disease progression should also be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Nous
- Research group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information (FASC), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, UZ Brussel, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.,Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Neurology, UZ Brussel, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. .,Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Research group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information (FASC), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Ye LQ, Gao PR, Zhang YB, Cheng HR, Tao QQ, Wu ZY, Li HL. Application of Cerebrospinal Fluid AT(N) Framework on the Diagnosis of AD and Related Cognitive Disorders in Chinese Han Population. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:311-323. [PMID: 33654388 PMCID: PMC7910151 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s294756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies concerning the impact of the AT(N) framework on diagnostic capability in the dementia population are lacking. We aimed to explore the diagnostic application of CSF AT(N) framework in clinical routines of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as differential diagnosis of other cognitive diseases in the Chinese Han population. Patients and Methods A total of 137 patients with cognitive disorders received CSF tests of Aβ42, t-tau and p-tau181. Their CSF biomarker results were categorized and interpreted by the AT(N) framework. Neurologists provided a diagnosis both pre- and post-CSF biomarker disclosure with corresponding diagnostic confidence. Results The total initial diagnosis included 79 patients with AD and 58 patients with non-AD (NAD). The results of CSF biomarkers led to a diagnostic change of 28% in the cohort. Approximately 81.5% (n=53) of 65 patients whose CSF biomarker showed an underlying AD pathology were finally diagnosed as AD, with an increase of 17.5% in diagnostic confidence. Thirty-seven CSF results indicating NAD pathologic changes contributed to an exclusion of AD in 56.8% (n=21) of the patients along with a modest increase of 9.8% in average confidence. Thirty-five patients with normal CSF biomarkers maintained the diagnosis of NAD in 68.6% (n=24) of the group, leading to a slight elevation of 7.6% in confidence. Conclusion We found that the presence of amyloid pathology (A+) is contributable to diagnosing AD and improving confidence. On occasion of negative amyloid pathology (A-), with or without tau pathology, gaining uncertainty of the primary AD diagnosis would diminish the corresponding confidence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study performed in the Chinese Han population with cognitive disorders that explores the clinical capability of CSF AT(N) framework in a quantitative way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Qi Ye
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Rong Gao
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology in First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Rong Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology in Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qing Tao
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Lei Li
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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19
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Brisson M, Brodeur C, Létourneau‐Guillon L, Masellis M, Stoessl J, Tamm A, Zukotynski K, Ismail Z, Gauthier S, Rosa‐Neto P, Soucy J. CCCDTD5: Clinical role of neuroimaging and liquid biomarkers in patients with cognitive impairment. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 6:e12098. [PMID: 33532543 PMCID: PMC7821956 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Since 1989, four Canadian Consensus Conferences on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia (CCCDTDs) have provided evidence-based dementia diagnostic and treatment guidelines for Canadian clinicians and researchers. We present the results from the Neuroimaging and Fluid Biomarkers Group of the 5th CCCDTD (CCCDTD5), which addressed topics chosen by the steering committee to reflect advances in the field and build on our previous guidelines. Recommendations on Imaging and Fluid Biomarker Use from this Conference cover a series of different fields. Prior structural imaging recommendations for both computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remain largely unchanged, but MRI is now more central to the evaluation than before, with suggested sequences described here. The use of visual rating scales for both atrophy and white matter anomalies is now included in our recommendations. Molecular imaging with [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG) Positron Emisson Tomography (PET) or [99mTc]-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime/ethylene cysteinate dimer ([99mTc]-HMPAO/ECD) Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT), should now decidedly favor PET. The value of [18F]-FDG PET in the assessment of neurodegenerative conditions has been established with greater certainty since the previous conference, and it has now been recognized as a useful biomarker to establish the presence of neurodegeneration by a number of professional organizations around the world. Furthermore, the role of amyloid PET has been clarified and our recommendations follow those from other groups in multiple countries. SPECT with [123I]-ioflupane (DaTscanTM) is now included as a useful study in differentiating Alzheimer's disease (AD) from Lewy body disease. Finally, liquid biomarkers are in a rapid phase of development and, could lead to a revolution in the assessment AD and other neurodegenerative conditions at a reasonable cost. We hope these guidelines will be useful for clinicians, researchers, policy makers, and the lay public, to inform a current and evidence-based approach to the use of neuroimaging and liquid biomarkers in clinical dementia evaluation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Brisson
- Centre hospitalier de l'université de QuébecQuebec CityCanada
| | | | | | | | - Jon Stoessl
- Vancouver Coastal Health, University of British‐ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | | | | | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute for Public HealthUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | | | - Pedro Rosa‐Neto
- McGill Center for Studies in AgingCanada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological InstituteMontrealCanada
| | - Jean‐Paul Soucy
- Centre hospitalier de l'université de MontréalMontrealCanada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological InstituteMontrealCanada
- PERFORM Center, Concordia UniversityMontrealCanada
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20
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Wiels WA, Wittens MMJ, Zeeuws D, Baeken C, Engelborghs S. Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Due to AD: Relation With Disease Stage and Cognitive Deficits. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:707580. [PMID: 34483998 PMCID: PMC8415837 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.707580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The interaction between neuropsychiatric symptoms, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia is complex and remains to be elucidated. An additive or multiplicative effect of neuropsychiatric symptoms such as apathy or depression on cognitive decline has been suggested. Unraveling these interactions may allow the development of better prevention and treatment strategies. In the absence of available treatments for neurodegeneration, a timely and adequate identification of neuropsychiatric symptom changes in cognitive decline is highly relevant and can help identify treatment targets. Methods: An existing memory clinic-based research database of 476 individuals with MCI and 978 individuals with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) was reanalyzed. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed in a prospective fashion using a battery of neuropsychiatric assessment scales: Middelheim Frontality Score, Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (Behave-AD), Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), and Geriatric Depression Scale (30 items). We subtyped subjects suffering from dementia as mild, moderate, or severe according to their Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and compared neuropsychiatric scores across these groups. A group of 126 subjects suffering from AD with a significant cerebrovascular component was examined separately as well. We compared the prevalence, nature, and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms between subgroups of patients with MCI and dementia due to AD in a cross-sectional analysis. Results: Affective and sleep-related symptoms are common in MCI and remain constant in prevalence and severity across dementia groups. Depressive symptoms as assessed by the CSDD further increase in severe dementia. Most other neuropsychiatric symptoms (such as agitation and activity disturbances) progress in parallel with severity of cognitive decline. There are no significant differences in neuropsychiatric symptoms when comparing "pure" AD to AD with a significant vascular component. Conclusion: Neuropsychiatric symptoms such as frontal lobe symptoms, psychosis, agitation, aggression, and activity disturbances increase as dementia progresses. Affective symptoms such as anxiety and depressive symptoms, however, are more frequent in MCI than mild dementia but otherwise remain stable throughout the cognitive spectrum, except for an increase in CSDD score in severe dementia. There is no difference in neuropsychiatric symptoms when comparing mixed dementia (defined here as AD + significant cerebrovascular disease) to pure AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wietse A Wiels
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mandy M J Wittens
- Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dieter Zeeuws
- Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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21
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Tromp K, Smedinga M, Richard E, Perry M, Schermer MHN. Views on Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Among Dutch Physicians: A Qualitative Interview Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 79:917-927. [PMID: 33361592 PMCID: PMC7902965 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hope for future treatments to prevent or slow down dementia motivates researchers to strive for ever-earlier diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on biomarkers, even before symptoms occur. But is a biomarker-based early diagnosis desirable in clinical practice? OBJECTIVE This study explores the ethical considerations that shape current clinical practice regarding early AD diagnostics and the use of biomarkers. METHODS In this qualitative study, Dutch physicians were interviewed. Topics included physicians' views concerning early AD diagnosis in persons with no or mild cognitive impairment, physicians' considerations regarding current and expected future practices of early AD diagnosis, the use of biomarkers, and the use of the concepts preclinical and prodromal AD. We analyzed the transcripts using directed content analysis. RESULTS 15 general practitioners, neurologists, and geriatricians in the Netherlands were interviewed. Most of them interpreted an early AD diagnosis with an early diagnosis of dementia. We identified six clusters of considerations sometimes in favor but most often against pursuing an early AD diagnosis in people with no or mild cognitive impairment that influence physicians' diagnostic decision-making: preferences and characteristics of persons, test characteristics, impact on care, type of setting, disease concepts, and issues on a societal level. CONCLUSION The discussion concerning an early AD diagnosis based on biomarkers which is widely held in the scientific field, has not entered clinical practice structurally. A biomarker-based early diagnosis does not fit within Dutch physicians' views on what good care for people with no, subjective, or mild cognitive impairment should entail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Tromp
- Department of Medical Ethics and Philosophy and History of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marthe Smedinga
- Department of Medical Ethics and Philosophy and History of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Edo Richard
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Perry
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje H N Schermer
- Department of Medical Ethics and Philosophy and History of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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22
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Somers C, Lewczuk P, Sieben A, Van Broeckhoven C, De Deyn PP, Kornhuber J, Martin JJ, Bjerke M, Engelborghs S. Validation of the Erlangen Score Algorithm for Differential Dementia Diagnosis in Autopsy-Confirmed Subjects. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:1151-1159. [PMID: 30883344 PMCID: PMC6484252 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Despite decades of research on the optimization of the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), its biomarker-based diagnosis is being hampered by the lack of comparability of raw biomarker data. In order to overcome this limitation, the Erlangen Score (ES), among other approaches, was set up as a diagnostic-relevant interpretation algorithm. Objective: To validate the ES algorithm in a cohort of neuropathologically confirmed cases with AD (n = 106) and non-AD dementia (n = 57). Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker concentrations of Aβ1-42, T-tau, and P-tau181 were measured with commercially available single analyte ELISA kits. Based on these biomarkers, ES was calculated as previously reported. Results: This algorithm proved to categorize AD in different degrees of likelihood, ranging from neurochemically “normal”, “improbably having AD”, “possibly having AD”, to “probably having AD”, with a diagnostic accuracy of 74% using the neuropathology as a reference. Conclusion: The ability of the ES to overcome the high variability of raw CSF biomarker data may provide a useful diagnostic tool for comparing neurochemical diagnoses between different labs or methods used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charisse Somers
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Piotr Lewczuk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anne Sieben
- Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
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23
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Westwood S, Baird AL, Anand SN, Nevado-Holgado AJ, Kormilitzin A, Shi L, Hye A, Ashton NJ, Morgan AR, Bos I, Vos SJ, Baker S, Buckley NJ, Ten Kate M, Scheltens P, Teunissen CE, Vandenberghe R, Gabel S, Meersmans K, Engelborghs S, De Roeck EE, Sleegers K, Frisoni GB, Blin O, Richardson JC, Bordet R, Molinuevo JL, Rami L, Wallin A, Kettunen P, Tsolaki M, Verhey F, Lléo A, Sala I, Popp J, Peyratout G, Martinez-Lage P, Tainta M, Johannsen P, Freund-Levi Y, Frölich L, Dobricic V, Legido-Quigley C, Bertram L, Barkhof F, Zetterberg H, Morgan BP, Streffer J, Visser PJ, Lovestone S. Validation of Plasma Proteomic Biomarkers Relating to Brain Amyloid Burden in the EMIF-Alzheimer's Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 74:213-225. [PMID: 31985466 PMCID: PMC7175945 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have previously investigated, discovered, and replicated plasma protein biomarkers for use to triage potential trials participants for PET or cerebrospinal fluid measures of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. This study sought to undertake validation of these candidate plasma biomarkers in a large, multi-center sample collection. Targeted plasma analyses of 34 proteins with prior evidence for prediction of in vivo pathology were conducted in up to 1,000 samples from cognitively healthy elderly individuals, people with mild cognitive impairment, and in patients with AD-type dementia, selected from the EMIF-AD catalogue. Proteins were measured using Luminex xMAP, ELISA, and Meso Scale Discovery assays. Seven proteins replicated in their ability to predict in vivo amyloid pathology. These proteins form a biomarker panel that, along with age, could significantly discriminate between individuals with high and low amyloid pathology with an area under the curve of 0.74. The performance of this biomarker panel remained consistent when tested in apolipoprotein E ɛ4 non-carrier individuals only. This blood-based panel is biologically relevant, measurable using practical immunocapture arrays, and could significantly reduce the cost incurred to clinical trials through screen failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liu Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Abdul Hye
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Ashton
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular & Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Isabelle Bos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie J.B. Vos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mara Ten Kate
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Silvy Gabel
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Meersmans
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ellen E. De Roeck
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Belgium
| | - Giovanni B. Frisoni
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Olivier Blin
- AIX Marseille University, INS, Ap-Hm, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - José L. Molinuevo
- Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hopsital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center, Unversitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Rami
- Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center, Unversitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anders Wallin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petronella Kettunen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Makedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Frans Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alberto Lléo
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Sala
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julius Popp
- University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Pablo Martinez-Lage
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Johannsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Freund-Levi
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Valerija Dobricic
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Kings College London, London, UK
- The Systems Medicine Group, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherland
- UCL Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - B. Paul Morgan
- Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Johannes Streffer
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- UCB, Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium, formerly Janssen R&D, LLC. Beerse, Belgium at the Time of Study Conduct
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
- Janssen R&D, UK formerly affiliation (1) at the Time of the Study Conduct
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Smedinga M, Tromp K, Schermer MHN, Richard E. Ethical Arguments Concerning the Use of Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers in Individuals with No or Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Framework for Discussion. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1309-1322. [PMID: 30507575 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The shift to defining Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a biological continuum, which is characterized by the presence of biomarkers instead of clinical symptoms, has sparked a widespread debate. Insight into the given arguments and their underlying moral values is crucial to ensure well-considered and appropriate AD biomarker testing in the future. OBJECTIVE To critically review the arguments in favor of or against AD biomarker testing in people with no or mild cognitive impairment and to explicate their underlying moral values. METHODS Seven databases were systematically searched for publications mentioning arguments of interest. Arguments are identified using qualitative data-analysis and evaluated within an ethical framework. RESULTS Our search yielded 3,657 articles of which 34 met the inclusion criteria. We discuss the clusters of arguments separate from their evaluation and the assessment of the debate as a whole. The right to know, which derives from the moral value of respect for autonomy, is a central argument in favor of biomarker testing. On the other hand, fear of the disease and lack of a disease-modifying treatment may result in a negative balance of good over inflicted harms, which argues against its use. CONCLUSION Critical evaluation and weighing of the given arguments in a specific context, within an ethical framework, demonstrates the necessity to differentiate between what we hope or expect from research and where we currently stand. While AD biomarkers may have an indispensable value for research, the current advantage for clinical practice appears limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Smedinga
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Ethics and Philosophy of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Krista Tromp
- Department of Medical Ethics and Philosophy of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje H N Schermer
- Department of Medical Ethics and Philosophy of Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edo Richard
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Niemantsverdriet E, Feyen BFE, Le Bastard N, Martin JJ, Goeman J, De Deyn PP, Bjerke M, Engelborghs S. Added Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Differential Dementia Diagnosis in an Autopsy-Confirmed Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:373-381. [PMID: 29614653 PMCID: PMC5900550 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Differential dementia diagnosis remains a challenge due to overlap of clinical profiles, which often results in diagnostic doubt. Objective: Determine the added diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for differential dementia diagnosis as compared to autopsy-confirmed diagnosis. Methods: Seventy-one dementia patients with autopsy-confirmed diagnoses were included in this study. All neuropathological diagnoses were established according to standard neuropathological criteria and consisted of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or other dementias (NONAD). CSF levels of Aβ1 - 42, T-tau, and P-tau181 were determined and interpreted based on the IWG-2 and NIA-AA criteria, separately. A panel of three neurologists experienced with dementia made clinical consensus dementia diagnoses. Clinical and CSF biomarker diagnoses were compared to the autopsy-confirmed diagnoses. Results: Forty-two patients (59%) had autopsy-confirmed AD, whereas 29 patients (41%) had autopsy-confirmed NONAD. Of the 24 patients with an ambiguous clinical dementia diagnosis, a correct diagnosis would have been established in 67% of the cases applying CSF biomarkers in the context of the IWG-2 or the NIA-AA criteria respectively. Conclusion: AD CSF biomarkers have an added diagnostic value in differential dementia diagnosis and can help establishing a correct dementia diagnosis in case of ambiguous clinical dementia diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Niemantsverdriet
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart F E Feyen
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Current affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Le Bastard
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Current affiliation: Fujirebio Europe, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Martin
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Goeman
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
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Bjerke M, Engelborghs S. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Early and Differential Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1199-1209. [PMID: 29562530 PMCID: PMC5870045 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An accurate and early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is important to select optimal patient care and is critical in current clinical trials targeting core AD neuropathological features. The past decades, much progress has been made in the development and validation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for the biochemical diagnosis of AD, including standardization and harmonization of (pre-) analytical procedures. This has resulted in three core CSF biomarkers for AD diagnostics, namely the 42 amino acid long amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ1-42), total tau protein (T-tau), and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-tau181). These biomarkers have been incorporated into research diagnostic criteria for AD and have an added value in the (differential) diagnosis of AD and related disorders, including mixed pathologies, atypical presentations, and in case of ambiguous clinical dementia diagnoses. The implementation of the CSF Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio in the core biomarker panel will improve the biomarker analytical variability, and will also improve early and differential AD diagnosis through a more accurate reflection of pathology. Numerous biomarkers are being investigated for their added value to the core AD biomarkers, aiming at the AD core pathological features like the amyloid mismetabolism, tau pathology, or synaptic or neuronal degeneration. Others aim at non-AD neurodegenerative, vascular or inflammatory hallmarks. Biomarkers are essential for an accurate identification of preclinical AD in the context of clinical trials with potentially disease-modifying drugs. Therefore, a biomarker-based early diagnosis of AD offers great opportunities for preventive treatment development in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
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27
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Ottoy J, Niemantsverdriet E, Verhaeghe J, De Roeck E, Struyfs H, Somers C, Wyffels L, Ceyssens S, Van Mossevelde S, Van den Bossche T, Van Broeckhoven C, Ribbens A, Bjerke M, Stroobants S, Engelborghs S, Staelens S. Association of short-term cognitive decline and MCI-to-AD dementia conversion with CSF, MRI, amyloid- and 18F-FDG-PET imaging. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101771. [PMID: 30927601 PMCID: PMC6444289 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Disease-modifying treatment trials are increasingly advanced to the prodromal or preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and inclusion criteria are based on biomarkers rather than clinical symptoms. Therefore, it is of great interest to determine which biomarkers should be combined to accurately predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD dementia. However, up to date, only few studies performed a complete A/T/N subject characterization using each of the CSF and imaging markers, or they only investigated long-term (≥ 2 years) prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the association between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), amyloid- and 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) measures at baseline, in relation to cognitive changes and conversion to AD dementia over a short-term (12-month) period. We included 13 healthy controls, 49 MCI and 16 AD dementia patients with a clinical-based diagnosis and a complete A/T/N characterization at baseline. Global cortical amyloid-β (Aβ) burden was quantified using the 18F-AV45 standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) with two different reference regions (cerebellar grey and subcortical white matter), whereas metabolism was assessed based on 18F-FDG SUVR. CSF measures included Aβ1–42, Aβ1–40, T-tau, P-tau181, and their ratios, and MRI markers included hippocampal volumes (HV), white matter hyperintensities, and cortical grey matter volumes. Cognitive functioning was measured by MMSE and RBANS index scores. All statistical analyses were corrected for age, sex, education, and APOE ε4 genotype. As a result, faster cognitive decline was most strongly associated with hypometabolism (posterior cingulate) and smaller hippocampal volume (e.g., Δstory recall: β = +0.43 [p < 0.001] and + 0.37 [p = 0.005], resp.) at baseline. In addition, faster cognitive decline was significantly associated with higher baseline Aβ burden only if SUVR was referenced to the subcortical white matter (e.g., Δstory recall: β = −0.28 [p = 0.020]). Patients with MCI converted to AD dementia at an annual rate of 31%, which could be best predicted by combining neuropsychological testing (visuospatial construction skills) with either MRI-based HV or 18F-FDG-PET. Combining all three markers resulted in 96% specificity and 92% sensitivity. Neither amyloid-PET nor CSF biomarkers could discriminate short-term converters from non-converters. FDG-PET and MRI HV are the strongest predictors of cognitive decline and conversion to AD. Combination of visuospatial construction testing with FDG-PET or MRI HV present high predicting power of conversion. CSF and amyloid-PET seem less suitable markers of disease progression. Increased AV45-PET predicts short-term cognitive decline if SUVR is referenced to WM instead of CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ottoy
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellis Niemantsverdriet
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Verhaeghe
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Roeck
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Struyfs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charisse Somers
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leonie Wyffels
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sarah Ceyssens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sara Van Mossevelde
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tobi Van den Bossche
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Bos I, Vos S, Verhey F, Scheltens P, Teunissen C, Engelborghs S, Sleegers K, Frisoni G, Blin O, Richardson JC, Bordet R, Tsolaki M, Popp J, Peyratout G, Martinez-Lage P, Tainta M, Lleó A, Johannsen P, Freund-Levi Y, Frölich L, Vandenberghe R, Westwood S, Dobricic V, Barkhof F, Legido-Quigley C, Bertram L, Lovestone S, Streffer J, Andreasson U, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Visser PJ. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration, synaptic integrity, and astroglial activation across the clinical Alzheimer's disease spectrum. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:644-654. [PMID: 30853464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated relations between amyloid-β (Aβ) status, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, and cognition, with cerebrospinal fluid markers of neurogranin (Ng), neurofilament light (NFL), YKL-40, and total tau (T-tau). METHODS We included 770 individuals with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-type dementia from the EMIF-AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery study. We tested the association of Ng, NFL, YKL-40, and T-tau with Aβ status (Aβ- vs. Aβ+), clinical diagnosis APOE ε4 carriership, baseline cognition, and change in cognition. RESULTS Ng and T-tau distinguished between Aβ+ from Aβ- individuals in each clinical group, whereas NFL and YKL-40 were associated with Aβ+ in nondemented individuals only. APOE ε4 carriership did not influence NFL, Ng, and YKL-40 in Aβ+ individuals. NFL was the best predictor of cognitive decline in Aβ+ individuals across the cognitive spectrum. DISCUSSION Axonal degeneration, synaptic dysfunction, astroglial activation, and altered tau metabolism are involved already in preclinical AD. NFL may be a useful prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bos
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Stephanie Vos
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans Verhey
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium; Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Frisoni
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Olivier Blin
- Mediterranean Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Régis Bordet
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Makedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Julius Popp
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gwendoline Peyratout
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Martinez-Lage
- Department of Neurology, Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Mikel Tainta
- Department of Neurology, Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Johannsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Freund-Levi
- Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry Norrtälje Hospital Tiohundra, Norrtäije, Sweden
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Valerija Dobricic
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Johannes Streffer
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Early Clinial Neurology, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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ten Kate M, Redolfi A, Peira E, Bos I, Vos SJ, Vandenberghe R, Gabel S, Schaeverbeke J, Scheltens P, Blin O, Richardson JC, Bordet R, Wallin A, Eckerstrom C, Molinuevo JL, Engelborghs S, Van Broeckhoven C, Martinez-Lage P, Popp J, Tsolaki M, Verhey FRJ, Baird AL, Legido-Quigley C, Bertram L, Dobricic V, Zetterberg H, Lovestone S, Streffer J, Bianchetti S, Novak GP, Revillard J, Gordon MF, Xie Z, Wottschel V, Frisoni G, Visser PJ, Barkhof F. MRI predictors of amyloid pathology: results from the EMIF-AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2018; 10:100. [PMID: 30261928 PMCID: PMC6161396 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the shift of research focus towards the pre-dementia stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is an urgent need for reliable, non-invasive biomarkers to predict amyloid pathology. The aim of this study was to assess whether easily obtainable measures from structural MRI, combined with demographic data, cognitive data and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype, can be used to predict amyloid pathology using machine-learning classification. METHODS We examined 810 subjects with structural MRI data and amyloid markers from the European Medical Information Framework for Alzheimer's Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery study, including subjects with normal cognition (CN, n = 337, age 66.5 ± 7.2, 50% female, 27% amyloid positive), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 375, age 69.1 ± 7.5, 53% female, 63% amyloid positive) and AD dementia (n = 98, age 67.0 ± 7.7, 48% female, 97% amyloid positive). Structural MRI scans were visually assessed and Freesurfer was used to obtain subcortical volumes, cortical thickness and surface area measures. We first assessed univariate associations between MRI measures and amyloid pathology using mixed models. Next, we developed and tested an automated classifier using demographic, cognitive, MRI and APOE ε4 information to predict amyloid pathology. A support vector machine (SVM) with nested 10-fold cross-validation was applied to identify a set of markers best discriminating between amyloid positive and amyloid negative subjects. RESULTS In univariate associations, amyloid pathology was associated with lower subcortical volumes and thinner cortex in AD-signature regions in CN and MCI. The multi-variable SVM classifier provided an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 ± 0.07 in MCI and an AUC of 0.74 ± 0.08 in CN. In CN, selected features for the classifier included APOE ε4, age, memory scores and several MRI measures such as hippocampus, amygdala and accumbens volumes and cortical thickness in temporal and parahippocampal regions. In MCI, the classifier including demographic and APOE ε4 information did not improve after additionally adding imaging measures. CONCLUSIONS Amyloid pathology is associated with changes in structural MRI measures in CN and MCI. An automated classifier based on clinical, imaging and APOE ε4 data can identify the presence of amyloid pathology with a moderate level of accuracy. These results could be used in clinical trials to pre-screen subjects for anti-amyloid therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara ten Kate
- Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alberto Redolfi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology & Neuroimaging, IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Peira
- Laboratory of Epidemiology & Neuroimaging, IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Isabelle Bos
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie J. Vos
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvy Gabel
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Schaeverbeke
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Olivier Blin
- AP-HM, CHU Timone, CIC CPCET, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacovigilance, Marseille, France
| | | | - Regis Bordet
- U1171 Inserm, CHU Lille, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anders Wallin
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section for Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Eckerstrom
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section for Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelona βeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pablo Martinez-Lage
- Department of Neurology, Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Julius Popp
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Magdalini Tsolaki
- Memory and Dementia Center, 3rd Department of Neurology, “G Papanicolau” General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Frans R. J. Verhey
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Valerija Dobricic
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Johannes Streffer
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Silvia Bianchetti
- Laboratory of Epidemiology & Neuroimaging, IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gerald P. Novak
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Titusville, NJ USA
| | | | - Mark F. Gordon
- Teva Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Malvern, PA USA
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT USA
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Viktor Wottschel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Frisoni
- Laboratory of Epidemiology & Neuroimaging, IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, UCL, London, UK
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Bos I, Vos S, Vandenberghe R, Scheltens P, Engelborghs S, Frisoni G, Molinuevo JL, Wallin A, Lleó A, Popp J, Martinez-Lage P, Baird A, Dobson R, Legido-Quigley C, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C, Bertram L, ten Kate M, Barkhof F, Zetterberg H, Lovestone S, Streffer J, Visser PJ. The EMIF-AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery study: design, methods and cohort characteristics. Alzheimers Res Ther 2018; 10:64. [PMID: 29980228 PMCID: PMC6035398 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need for novel, noninvasive biomarkers to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the predementia stages and to predict the rate of decline. Therefore, we set up the European Medical Information Framework for Alzheimer's Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery (EMIF-AD MBD) study. In this report we describe the design of the study, the methods used and the characteristics of the participants. METHODS Participants were selected from existing prospective multicenter and single-center European studies. Inclusion criteria were having normal cognition (NC) or a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD-type dementia at baseline, age above 50 years, known amyloid-beta (Aβ) status, availability of cognitive test results and at least two of the following materials: plasma, DNA, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Targeted and untargeted metabolomic and proteomic analyses were performed in plasma, and targeted and untargeted proteomics were performed in CSF. Genome-wide SNP genotyping, next-generation sequencing and methylation profiling were conducted in DNA. Visual rating and volumetric measures were assessed on MRI. Baseline characteristics were analyzed using ANOVA or chi-square, rate of decline analyzed by linear mixed modeling. RESULTS We included 1221 individuals (NC n = 492, MCI n = 527, AD-type dementia n = 202) with a mean age of 67.9 (SD 8.3) years. The percentage Aβ+ was 26% in the NC, 58% in the MCI, and 87% in the AD-type dementia groups. Plasma samples were available for 1189 (97%) subjects, DNA samples for 929 (76%) subjects, MRI scans for 862 (71%) subjects and CSF samples for 767 (63%) subjects. For 759 (62%) individuals, clinical follow-up data were available. In each diagnostic group, the APOE ε4 allele was more frequent amongst Aβ+ individuals (p < 0.001). Only in MCI was there a difference in baseline Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score between the A groups (p < 0.001). Aβ+ had a faster rate of decline on the MMSE during follow-up in the NC (p < 0.001) and MCI (p < 0.001) groups. CONCLUSIONS The characteristics of this large cohort of elderly subjects at various cognitive stages confirm the central roles of Aβ and APOE ε4 in AD pathogenesis. The results of the multimodal analyses will provide new insights into underlying mechanisms and facilitate the discovery of new diagnostic and prognostic AD biomarkers. All researchers can apply for access to the EMIF-AD MBD data by submitting a research proposal via the EMIF-AD Catalog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bos
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Box 34, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Vos
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Frisoni
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- IRCCS Instituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic—IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center, Fundació Pasqual Maragall, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anders Wallin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Moelndal, Sweden
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julius Popp
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Martinez-Lage
- Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA—Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Richard Dobson
- King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB—Department of Molecular Genetics, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB—Department of Molecular Genetics, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mara ten Kate
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Johannes Streffer
- Experimental Medicine, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Niemantsverdriet E, Ottoy J, Somers C, De Roeck E, Struyfs H, Soetewey F, Verhaeghe J, Van den Bossche T, Van Mossevelde S, Goeman J, De Deyn PP, Mariën P, Versijpt J, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C, Wyffels L, Albert A, Ceyssens S, Stroobants S, Staelens S, Bjerke M, Engelborghs S. The Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 Ratio Improves Concordance with Amyloid-PET for Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease in a Clinical Setting. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:561-576. [PMID: 28869470 PMCID: PMC5611891 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that the concordance between amyloid-PET and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β (Aβ) increases when the CSF Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 ratio is used as compared to CSF Aβ1–42 levels alone. Objective: In order to test this hypothesis, we set up a prospective longitudinal study comparing the concordance between different amyloid biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in a clinical setting. Methods: Seventy-eight subjects (AD dementia (n = 17), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 48), and cognitively healthy controls (n = 13)) underwent a [18F]Florbetapir ([18F]AV45) PET scan, [18F]FDG PET scan, MRI scan, and an extensive neuropsychological examination. In a large subset (n = 67), a lumbar puncture was performed and AD biomarkers were analyzed (Aβ1–42, Aβ1–40, T-tau, P-tau181). Results: We detected an increased concordance in the visual and quantitative (standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and total volume of distribution (VT)) [18F]AV45 PET measures when the CSF Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 was applied compared to Aβ1–42 alone. CSF biomarkers were stronger associated to [18F]AV45 PET for SUVR values when considering the total brain white matter as reference region instead of cerebellar grey matter Conclusions: The concordance between CSF Aβ and [18F]AV45 PET increases when the CSF Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 ratio is applied. This finding is of most importance for the biomarker-based diagnosis of AD as well as for selection of subjects for clinical trials with potential disease-modifying therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Niemantsverdriet
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Julie Ottoy
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charisse Somers
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Roeck
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanne Struyfs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Femke Soetewey
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Verhaeghe
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tobi Van den Bossche
- VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Van Mossevelde
- VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Goeman
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Mariën
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium.,Clinical and Experimental Neurolinguistics, CLIN, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Versijpt
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel(VUB), University Hospital Brussels (UZ Brussel), Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leonie Wyffels
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Departmentof Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrien Albert
- Departmentof Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Ceyssens
- Departmentof Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Departmentof Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
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Rubí S, Noguera A, Tarongí S, Oporto M, García A, Vico H, Espino A, Picado M, Mas A, Peña C, Amer G. Concordance between brain 18 F-FDG PET and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wu Z, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Dong W, Wang Q, Ren J. Ratio of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and Tau predicts the postoperative cognitive dysfunction on patients undergoing total hip/knee replacement surgery. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:878-884. [PMID: 29399093 PMCID: PMC5772777 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
β-amyloid (Aβ) and Tau proteins are biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease neuropathogenesis. We hypothesized that they are also potential biomarkers for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The present study was designed to evaluate the use of the Aβ-42/Tau ratio for the diagnosis of POCD in patients undergoing hip/knee replacement surgery. A total of 80 patients who underwent total hip/knee replacement surgery were grouped into POCD or non-POCD patients at 7 days, 1 and 3 months after surgery, according to a z-score recommended by the international study of POCD. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected prior to surgery and the concentration of Aβ-42 and Tau protein were detected. The ratio of Aβ-42/Tau was compared between the two groups at different time points. The patients completed the whole battery of neuropsychological tests following surgery. The POCD occurrence rates at 7 days, 1 and 3 months were 40, 25 and 15%, respectively. The Aβ-42/Tau ratios were much lower in the POCD group than those in the non-POCD group at 7 days (1.7±0.4 vs. 2.6±0.3), 1 month (1.6±0.5 vs. 2.4±0.4), and 3 months (1.6±0.4 vs. 2.5±0.4). The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of POCD as indicated by the ratios, at the three time points, were 91.7 vs. 81.2%, 86.7 vs. 70%, and 88 vs. 75.5%, respectively. The results show the incidence of POCD of patients aged at least 65 years who have undergone hip or knee fracture surgery gradually decrease as more patients recover. However, the Aβ-42/Tau ratio can be used in forecasting the occurrence of POCD elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Shouguang, Shouguang, Weifang, Shandong 262700, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Shouguang, Shouguang, Weifang, Shandong 262700, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Shouguang, Shouguang, Weifang, Shandong 262700, P.R. China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Shouguang, Shouguang, Weifang, Shandong 262700, P.R. China
| | - Qingben Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Shouguang, Shouguang, Weifang, Shandong 262700, P.R. China
| | - Juan Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Shouguang, Shouguang, Weifang, Shandong 262700, P.R. China
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Niemantsverdriet E, Valckx S, Bjerke M, Engelborghs S. Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers: clinical indications and rational use. Acta Neurol Belg 2017; 117:591-602. [PMID: 28752420 PMCID: PMC5565643 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-017-0816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review focusses on the validation and standardization of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, as well as on the current clinical indications and rational use of CSF biomarkers in daily clinical practice. The validated AD CSF biomarkers, Aβ1-42, T-tau, and P-tau181, have an added value in the (differential) diagnosis of AD and related disorders, including mixed pathologies, atypical presentations, and in case of ambiguous clinical dementia diagnosis. CSF biomarkers should not be routinely used in the diagnostic work-up of dementia and cannot be used to diagnose non-AD dementias. In cognitively healthy subjects, CSF biomarkers can only be applied for research purposes, e.g., to identify pre-clinical AD in the context of clinical trials with potentially disease-modifying drugs. Therefore, biomarker-based early diagnosis of AD offers great opportunities for preventive treatment development in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Niemantsverdriet
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Valckx
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Goossens J, Bjerke M, Struyfs H, Niemantsverdriet E, Somers C, Van den Bossche T, Van Mossevelde S, De Vil B, Sieben A, Martin JJ, Cras P, Goeman J, De Deyn PP, Van Broeckhoven C, van der Zee J, Engelborghs S. No added diagnostic value of non-phosphorylated tau fraction (p-tau rel) in CSF as a biomarker for differential dementia diagnosis. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2017; 9:49. [PMID: 28709448 PMCID: PMC5513364 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers Aβ1–42, t-tau, and p-tau181 overlap with other diseases. New tau modifications or epitopes, such as the non-phosphorylated tau fraction (p-taurel), may improve differential dementia diagnosis. The goal of this study is to investigate if p-taurel can improve the diagnostic performance of the AD CSF biomarker panel for differential dementia diagnosis. Methods The study population consisted of 45 AD, 45 frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), 45 dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and 21 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) patients, and 20 cognitively healthy controls. A substantial subset of the patients was pathology-confirmed. CSF levels of Aβ1–42, t-tau, p-tau181, and p-taurel were determined with commercially available single-analyte enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, and area under the curve (AUC) values were compared using DeLong tests. Results The diagnostic performance of single markers as well as biomarker ratios was determined for each pairwise comparison of different dementia groups and controls. The addition of p-taurel to the AD biomarker panel decreased its diagnostic performance when discriminating non-AD, FTLD, and DLB from AD. As a single marker, p-taurel increased the diagnostic performance for CJD. No significant difference was found in AUC values with the addition of p-taurel when differentiating between AD or non-AD dementias and controls. Conclusions The addition of p-taurel to the AD CSF biomarker panel failed to improve differentiation between AD and non-AD dementias. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0275-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joery Goossens
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hanne Struyfs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ellis Niemantsverdriet
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Charisse Somers
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tobi Van den Bossche
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, 2660, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sara Van Mossevelde
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, 2660, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Bart De Vil
- Laboratory of Neurology, Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anne Sieben
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Martin
- Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Patrick Cras
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurology, Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Johan Goeman
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, 2660, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, 2660, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium. .,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, 2660, Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Concordance between brain 18F-FDG PET and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2017. [PMID: 28645685 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cortical posterior hypometabolism on PET imaging with 18F-FDG (FDG-PET), and altered levels of Aß1-42 peptide, total Tau (tTau) and phosphorylated Tau (pTau) proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are established diagnostic biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD). An evaluation has been made of the concordance and relationship between the results of FDG-PET and CSF biomarkers in symptomatic patients with suspected AD. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective review was carried out on 120 patients with cognitive impairment referred to our Cognitive Neurology Unit, and who were evaluated by brain FDG-PET and a lumbar puncture for CSF biomarkers. In order to calculate their Kappa coefficient of concordance, the result of the FDG-PET and the set of the three CSF biomarkers in each patient was classified as normal, inconclusive, or AD-compatible. The relationship between the results of both methods was further assessed using logistic regression analysis, including the Aß1-42, tTau and pTau levels as quantitative predictors, and the FDG-PET result as the dependent variable. RESULTS The weighted Kappa coefficient between FDG-PET and CSF biomarkers was 0.46 (95% CI: 0.35-0.57). Logistic regression analysis showed that the Aß1-42 and tTau values together were capable of discriminating an FDG-PET result metabolically suggestive of AD from one non-suggestive of AD, with a 91% sensitivity and 93% specificity at the cut-off line Aß1-42=44+1.3×tTau. CONCLUSIONS The level of concordance between FDG-PET and CSF biomarkers was moderate, indicating their complementary value in diagnosing AD. The Aß1-42 and tTau levels in CSF help to predict the patient FDG-PET cortical metabolic status.
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Bos I, Vos SJ, Frölich L, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J, Maier W, Peters O, Rüther E, Engelborghs S, Niemantsverdriet E, De Roeck EE, Tsolaki M, Freund-Levi Y, Johannsen P, Vandenberghe R, Lleó A, Alcolea D, Frisoni GB, Galluzzi S, Nobili F, Morbelli S, Drzezga A, Didic M, van Berckel BN, Salmon E, Bastin C, Dauby S, Santana I, Baldeiras I, de Mendonça A, Silva D, Wallin A, Nordlund A, Coloma PM, Wientzek A, Alexander M, Novak GP, Gordon MF, Wallin ÅK, Hampel H, Soininen H, Herukka SK, Scheltens P, Verhey FR, Visser PJ. The frequency and influence of dementia risk factors in prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 56:33-40. [PMID: 28482212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether dementia risk factors were associated with prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) according to the International Working Group-2 and National Institute of Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria, and with cognitive decline. A total of 1394 subjects with mild cognitive impairment from 14 different studies were classified according to these research criteria, based on cognitive performance and biomarkers. We compared the frequency of 10 risk factors between the subgroups, and used Cox-regression to examine the effect of risk factors on cognitive decline. Depression, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia occurred more often in individuals with low-AD-likelihood, compared with those with a high-AD-likelihood. Only alcohol use increased the risk of cognitive decline, regardless of AD pathology. These results suggest that traditional risk factors for AD are not associated with prodromal AD or with progression to dementia, among subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Future studies should validate these findings and determine whether risk factors might be of influence at an earlier stage (i.e., preclinical) of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Stephanie J Vos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lutz Frölich
- On behalf of German Dementia Competence Network; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- On behalf of German Dementia Competence Network; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- On behalf of German Dementia Competence Network; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMC), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- On behalf of German Dementia Competence Network; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- On behalf of German Dementia Competence Network; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckhart Rüther
- On behalf of German Dementia Competence Network; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium; Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellis Niemantsverdriet
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellen Elisa De Roeck
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Clinical and Lifespan Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Memory and Dementia Center, "G Papanicolau" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Yvonne Freund-Levi
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johannsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurology, University of Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- On behalf of the EADC-PET consortium; Geneva Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Flavio Nobili
- On behalf of the EADC-PET consortium; Clinical Neurology, Department of Neurosciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- On behalf of the EADC-PET consortium; Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Science (DISSAL), University of Genoa IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- On behalf of the EADC-PET consortium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mira Didic
- On behalf of the EADC-PET consortium; AP-HM Hôpitaux de la Timone, Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Bart N van Berckel
- On behalf of the EADC-PET consortium; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Salmon
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium; GIGA-CRC in vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Solene Dauby
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Isabel Santana
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandre de Mendonça
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dina Silva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anders Wallin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arto Nordlund
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Preciosa M Coloma
- Real World Data Science (RWD-S) Neuroscience and Established Products, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Pharmaceuticals Division, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Wientzek
- PDB RWD (Real World Data) Team, Roche Products Limited, Welwyn Garden City, UK; Epidemiologische Beratung und Literatur-Recherche "conepi", Herrsching, Germany
| | - Myriam Alexander
- PDB RWD (Real World Data) Team, Roche Products Limited, Welwyn Garden City, UK
| | - Gerald P Novak
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | | | - Åsa K Wallin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund, Sweden
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris, CEDEX 13, France
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frans R Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands; Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Somers C, Goossens J, Engelborghs S, Bjerke M. Selecting Aβ isoforms for an Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarker panel. Biomark Med 2017; 11:169-178. [PMID: 28111962 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the core cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers amyloid-β (Aβ1-42) and tau show a high diagnostic accuracy, there are still limitations due to overlap in the biomarker levels with other neurodegenerative and dementia disorders. During Aβ1-42 production and clearance in the brain, several other Aβ peptides and amyloid precursor protein fragments are formed that could potentially serve as biomarkers for this ongoing disease process. Therefore, this review will present the current status of the findings for amyloid precursor protein and Aβ peptide isoforms in AD and clinically related disorders. In conclusion, adding new Aβ isoforms to the AD biomarker panel may improve early differential diagnostic accuracy and increase the cerebrospinal fluid biomarker concordance with AD neuropathological findings in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charisse Somers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joery Goossens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology & Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim & Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Song N, Yu D, Kang Y, Cao Z, Yang X, Wang J, Liu Y, Wang F. Negative correlation between CSF zinc level and anxiety in male Chinese subjects. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:841-843. [PMID: 27825785 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is crucial for brain development and psychiatric regulation. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) zinc level and anxiety in a group of male Chinese subjects. Results demonstrated that zinc levels had no considerable interindividual variations, ranging from 8.37 to 16.83µm. Correlation analyses revealed that CSF Zinc levels were positively correlated with education years (r=0.225, p=0.024) and negatively correlated with SAS scores (r=-0.287, p=0.004), but not associated with age or BMI. In conclusion, this present study suggests that CSF zinc level is associated with anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Inner Mongolia Region Mental Health Center, Huhhot 010110, China; Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010110, China
| | - Yimin Kang
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010110, China
| | - Zhiyong Cao
- The PLA Psychiatry Center, The 102nd Hospitial of PLA, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Psychology and Sleep Department of Guang׳an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100096, China.
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