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Takaoka T, Hashimoto K, Aoki S, Inoue E, Kawate N. Effects of the abacus-based mental calculation training application "SoroTouch" on cognitive functions: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299201. [PMID: 38470885 PMCID: PMC10931506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of a home-based computerized cognitive training program that utilizes a digital application for training abacus-based mental calculations, "SoroTouch," on the cognitive functions of healthy middle-aged and older people using a randomized controlled trial. The participants were 20 adults (aged 42-79 years) who were involved in community-based activities for dementia prevention held by a certain organization. The participants were assigned randomly to the intervention (SoroTouch) group or control group. The SoroTouch group received home-based cognitive training with SoroTouch, being asked to use the software every day for 6 months, while the control group did not receive any intervention. To investigate the effect of SoroTouch, CogEvo, a cognitive functions test battery utilizing a tablet device, was administered to all participants once per month during the 6-month intervention period. In addition, before and after the intervention, all participants were asked to take the CogEvo and the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J). The analyses showed that the SoroTouch group did not improve total scores of the CogEvo and MoCA-J, but large group differences were observed in the two tasks of the CogEvo as follows: 'Follow the order' (modified Trail Making Test) at 2 months after the beginning of the intervention (group differences; 39.4, 95% confidence interval; 7.6-71.2) and 'Route 99' at 6 months (group differences; 39.6, 95% confidence interval; 4.9-74.4). These results provide evidence that a home-based computerized cognitive training program SoroTouch has the potential to improve working memory, attention and planning in healthy middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Takaoka
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Hashimoto
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Aoki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Inoue
- Showa University Research Administration Center, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kawate
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Olegário RL, Fernandes SR, de Moraes R. Efficacy of cognitive training on executive functions in healthy older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychol Health 2023:1-28. [PMID: 37822255 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2267610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systematically review randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of cognitive training on executive functions in healthy older people. MEASURES The outcome measures were related to inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. RESULTS Thirty-one trials were included in the systematic review and thirteen trials in the meta-analysis. In the overall analysis, the cognitive training enhanced inhibitory control when measured by the Stroop task (p < .001, d = 1.64) and working memory when measured by the Corsi Block task (p = .002, d = .16). A marginal significance was found for working memory in the Digit Span task - Forward (p = .06, d = .92). However, cognitive training did not enhance inhibitory control when measured by the Go/No-Go task (p = .76, d = .59), working memory when measured by the Digit Span - Backward (p = .72, d = .95) and N-Back (p = .10, d = .26) tasks, and cognitive flexibility when measured by Trail Making - Part B (p = .08, d = .27) and Semantic Fluency (p = .49, d = .06) tasks. CONCLUSION Mixed evidence was found for inhibitory control and working memory; cognitive flexibility showed no evidence of improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Lopes Olegário
- Institute of Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Behavioural Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Rui de Moraes
- Institute of Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Behavioural Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Wang X, Soshi T, Yamashita M, Kakihara M, Tsutsumi T, Iwasaki S, Sekiyama K. Effects of a 10-week musical instrument training on cognitive function in healthy older adults: implications for desirable tests and period of training. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1180259. [PMID: 37649718 PMCID: PMC10463729 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1180259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have shown that musical instrument training programs of 16 or more weeks improve verbal memory (Logical Memory Test delayed recall), processing speed (Digit Symbol Coding Test), and executive function (Trail Making Test Part B) of musically untrained healthy older adults. However, it is unclear whether shorter-period instrument training can yield similar effects. We sought to (1) verify those results and (2) clarify if intervention effects could be detected using other measures such as reaction time. Methods Healthy older adults (mean age = 73.28 years) were pseudo-randomly assigned to an untrained control group (n = 30) or an intervention group (n = 30) that received a weekly 10-session musical instrument training program (using melodica). We conducted neuropsychological tests on which intervention effects or association with musical training were reported in previous studies. We newly included two reaction time tasks to assess verbal working memory (Sternberg task) and rhythm entrainment (timing task). Intervention effects were determined using a "group × time" analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The intervention effects were detected on the reaction time in Sternberg task and phonological verbal fluency. Although intervention effects had been reported on Logical Memory test, Digit Symbol Coding Test and Trail Making Test in previous studies with longer training periods, the present study did not show such effects. Instead, the test-retest practice effect, indicated by significant improvement in the control group, was significant on these tests. Discussion The present results indicated the usefulness of working memory assessments (Verbal Fluency Test and Sternberg task) in detecting the effects of short-term melodica training in healthy older adults. The practice effect detected on those three tasks may be due to the shorter interval between pre- and post-intervention assessments and may have obscured intervention effects. Additionally, the findings suggested the requirement for an extended interval between pre- and post-tests to capture rigorous intervention effects, although this should be justified by a manipulation of training period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wang
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Soshi
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Marcelo Kakihara
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takanobu Tsutsumi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoko Iwasaki
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sekiyama
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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4
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Sanz Simon S, Ben-Eliezer D, Pondikos M, Stern Y, Gopher D. Feasibility and acceptability of a new web-based cognitive training platform for cognitively healthy older adults: the breakfast task. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:136. [PMID: 37542331 PMCID: PMC10401737 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing efficient cognitive training for the older population is a major public health goal due to its potential cognitive benefits. A promising training target is executive control, critical for multitasking in everyday life. The aim of this pilot study was to establish the feasibility and acceptability of the Breakfast Task training in older adults, a new web-based cognitive training platform that simulates real-life multitasking demands. METHODS A community-based sample of 24 cognitively healthy participants aged between 60 and 75 (M = 69.12, SD = 3.83) underwent 5-session cognitive training protocol, delivered online. Each session lasted 45 min and occurred twice a week at participant's homes. Performance was recorded, and participants completed questionnaires at baseline and after the intervention. RESULTS Feasibility metrics showed overall high recruitment (82.7%), adherence and retention rates (100%). Acceptability was considered good based on participant's quantitative and qualitative responses. On average, participants rated the game as interesting, enjoyable and did not report difficulties in accessing the game online without supervision or in understanding the instructions. Participants showed a learning curve across sessions, suggesting improvement in the game outcomes and potential benefits from the emphasis change training approach. The study identified relevant areas that need improvements and adjustments, such as technical issues, session's structure, and dose. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide preliminary support for the feasibility and acceptability of the web-based Breakfast Task training platform in cognitively healthy older adults. Results suggest the value of further research to investigate the Breakfast Task training features and dose-response relationship, as well as its potential efficacy in older adults via larger randomized controlled trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04195230 (Registered 11 December 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Sanz Simon
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Daniel Ben-Eliezer
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion city, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Maria Pondikos
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Gopher
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion city, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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5
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Paradela RS, Cabella B, Nucci MP, Ferreira NV, Torres LA, Martino LM, Consolim-Colombo FM, Bortolotto LA, da Costa DI, Irigoyen MC. Computerized working memory training for hypertensive individuals with executive function impairment: a randomized clinical trial. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1185768. [PMID: 37483358 PMCID: PMC10361818 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1185768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is associated with working memory (WM) impairment. However, the benefits of Cogmed WM training for the hypertensive population are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate Cogmed's effects on the WM performance of hypertensive individuals with executive function (EF) impairment. Methods We included 40 hypertensive patients (aged 40-70 years, 68% female) with EF impairment. They were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive 10 weeks of adaptive Cogmed training or a non-adaptive control training based on online games. The primary outcome was the WM performance. The secondary outcomes were verbal memory, visuospatial ability, executive function, global cognition, and the neuronal activity measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) under two WM task conditions: low (memorization of 4 spatial locations) and high (memorization of 6 spatial locations). An intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analysis were performed. Results Cogmed did not show a significant effect on WM or any other cognitive outcome post-training. However, under the WM-low load and WM-high load conditions of the fMRI, respectively, the Cogmed group had an activation decrease in the right superior parietal lobe (ITT and PP analyses) and left inferior frontal lobe (PP analysis) in comparison to the control group. Conclusion The Cogmed showed no effects on the WM performance of hypertensive individuals with EF impairment. However, activation decreases were observed in frontoparietal areas related to the WM network, suggesting a more efficient neuronal activity after training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Silva Paradela
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenno Cabella
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, São Paulo State University (IFT-UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Penteado Nucci
- Laboratory of Medical Investigations on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (LIM-44), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naomi Vidal Ferreira
- Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Research Affairs Office, Amazonia Adventist College, Benevides, Pará, Brazil
| | - Laura Aló Torres
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiza Menoni Martino
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Aparecido Bortolotto
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Irigoyen da Costa
- Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Claudia Irigoyen
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wu Z, Pandigama DH, Wrigglesworth J, Owen A, Woods RL, Chong TTJ, Orchard SG, Shah RC, Sheets KM, McNeil JJ, Murray AM, Ryan J. Lifestyle Enrichment in Later Life and Its Association With Dementia Risk. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2323690. [PMID: 37450299 PMCID: PMC10349343 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.23690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Lifestyles enriched with socially and mentally stimulating activities in older age may help build cognitive reserve and reduce dementia risk. Objective To investigate the association of leisure activities and social networks with dementia risk among older individuals. Design, Setting, and Participants This longitudinal prospective cohort study used population-based data from the ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons (ALSOP) for March 1, 2010, to November 30, 2020. Community-dwelling individuals in Australia aged 70 years or older who were generally healthy and without major cognitive impairment at enrollment were recruited to the ALSOP study between March 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2022, to March 31, 2023. Exposures A total of 19 measures of leisure activities and social networks assessed at baseline were classified using exploratory factor analysis. Main Outcomes and Measures Dementia was adjudicated by an international expert panel according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) criteria. Cox proportional hazards regression examined dementia risk over 10 years, adjusting for education, socioeconomic status, and a range of health-related factors. Results This study included 10 318 participants. Their median age was 73.8 (IQR, 71.6-77.2) years at baseline, more than half (52.6%) were women, and most self-identified as White (98.0%). In adusted analyses, more frequent engagement in adult literacy activities (eg, writing letters or journaling, using a computer, and taking education classes) and in active mental activities (eg, playing games, cards, or chess and doing crosswords or puzzles) was associated with an 11.0% (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.89 [95% CI, 0.85-0.93]) and a 9.0% (AHR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.87-0.95]) lower risk of dementia, respectively. To a lesser extent, engagement in creative artistic activities (craftwork, woodwork, or metalwork and painting or drawing) (AHR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.88-0.99]) and in passive mental activities (reading books, newspapers, or magazines; watching television; and listening to music or the radio) (AHR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.86-0.99]) was also associated with reduced dementia risk. In contrast, interpersonal networks, social activities, and external outings were not associated with dementia risk in this sample. Conclusions and Relevance These results suggest that engagement in adult literacy, creative art, and active and passive mental activities may help reduce dementia risk in late life. In addition, these findings may guide policies for geriatric care and interventions targeting dementia prevention for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimu Wu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danushika H. Pandigama
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash School of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jo Wrigglesworth
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alice Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn L. Woods
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Trevor T.-J. Chong
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suzanne G. Orchard
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Raj C. Shah
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kerry M. Sheets
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - John J. McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne M. Murray
- Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Joanne Ryan
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Ishibashi GA, Santos GD, Moreira APB, Verga CER, Silva GAD, Ordonez TN, Moraes LCD, Lessa PP, Brucki SMD, Silva TBLD. Effects of cognitive interventions with video games on cognition in healthy elderly people: a systematic review. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2023; 81:484-491. [PMID: 37257469 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1764413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, studies using video games as an intervention to improve cognitive functions in the elderly are on the rise. OBJECTIVE To investigate and evaluate the effects of cognitive interventions using video games on cognition in healthy elderly people published in the last ten years. METHODS A systematic review involving a qualitative analysis carried out between July and September 2021on the SciELO, LILACS and MEDLINE databases.. RESULTS A total of 262 articles were identified in the initial search. After exclusion of duplicates, analysis of titles/abstracts and of the full text, a final total of 9 studies were included in the review. The objectives of the studies included investigating the effects on cognition of cognitive training (CT) programs using video games compared to programs using entertainment games or to low-intensity CT games. Despite the growing number of studies, many of them were focused on cognitive rehabilitation in elderly people with some degree of cognitive impairment, and few involved training among healthy elderly people. CONCLUSION According to the studies analyzed, the interventions involving CT with video games promoted significant improvements in processing speed and working memory, but no improvements in executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Akina Ishibashi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Departamento de Gerontologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Instituto Supera de Educação, São José dos Campos SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Dos Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Departamento de Gerontologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes Ciências e Humanidades, Grupo de Estudos de Treinamento Cognitivo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Bagli Moreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes Ciências e Humanidades, Grupo de Estudos de Treinamento Cognitivo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Cássia Elisa Rossetto Verga
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Departamento de Gerontologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes Ciências e Humanidades, Grupo de Estudos de Treinamento Cognitivo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Alves da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Departamento de Gerontologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes Ciências e Humanidades, Grupo de Estudos de Treinamento Cognitivo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Nascimento Ordonez
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Departamento de Gerontologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes Ciências e Humanidades, Grupo de Estudos de Treinamento Cognitivo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Moraes
- Instituto Supera de Educação, São José dos Campos SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes Ciências e Humanidades, Grupo de Estudos de Treinamento Cognitivo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Prata Lessa
- Instituto Supera de Educação, São José dos Campos SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes Ciências e Humanidades, Grupo de Estudos de Treinamento Cognitivo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes Ciências e Humanidades, Grupo de Estudos de Treinamento Cognitivo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Grupo de Neurologia Cognitiva e Comportamental, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Bento Lima da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Departamento de Gerontologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes Ciências e Humanidades, Grupo de Estudos de Treinamento Cognitivo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Grupo de Neurologia Cognitiva e Comportamental, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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Rostam Niakan Kalhori S, Rahmani Katigari M, Talebi Azadboni T, Pahlevanynejad S, Hosseini Eshpala R. The effect of m-health applications on self-care improvement in older adults: A systematic review. Inform Health Soc Care 2023. [PMID: 36867051 DOI: 10.1080/17538157.2023.2171878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
PARTICIPANTS Four electronic databases were searched on March 6, 2020 including Scopus, PubMed, ISI, and Embase. METHODS Our search consisted of concepts of "self-care," "elderly" and "Mobile device." English journal papers and, RCTs conducted for individuals older than 60 in the last 10 years were included. A narrative approach was used to synthesize the data due to the heterogeneous nature of the data. RESULTS Initially, 3047 studies were obtained and finally 19 studies were identified for deep analysis. 13 outcomes were identified in m-health interventions to help older adults' self-care. Each outcome has at least one or more positive results. The psychological status and clinical outcome measures were all significantly improved. CONCLUSION According to the findings, it is not possible to draw a definite positive decision about the effectiveness of interventions on older adults because the measures are very diverse and have been measured with different tools. However, it might be declared that m-health interventions have one or more positive results and can be used along with other interventions to improve the health of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Rostam Niakan Kalhori
- Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics, TU Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Braunschweig, Germany.,Ph.D of Medical Informatics, Health Information Technology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Rahmani Katigari
- PhD in Health Information Management, Health Information Technology Department, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Tahere Talebi Azadboni
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.,Ph.D Candidate, Health Information Management Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Pahlevanynejad
- Ph.D in Health Information Management, Health Information Technology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Rahil Hosseini Eshpala
- Ph.D Candidate, Health Information Management Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Peeters G, Black IL, Gomersall SR, Fritschi J, Sweeney A, Guedes de Oliveira Y, Panizzutti R, McEvoy CT, Lampit A. Behaviour Change Techniques in Computerized Cognitive Training for Cognitively Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Neuropsychol Rev 2023; 33:238-254. [PMID: 35157209 PMCID: PMC9998598 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-022-09537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to describe behaviour change techniques (BCT) used in trials evaluating computerised cognitive training (CCT) in cognitively healthy older adults, and explore whether BCTs are associated with improved adherence and efficacy. The 90 papers included in a recent meta-analysis were reviewed for information about adherence and use of BCTs in accordance with the Behaviour Change Taxonomy. Studies using a specific BCT were compared with studies not using that BCT on efficacy (difference in Hedges' g [Δg]) using three level meta-regression models and on median adherence using the Wilcoxon test. The median number of BCTs per study was 3 (interquartile range [IQR] = 2-5). 'Feedback on behaviour' (if provided by a person; Δg = -0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.31;-0.07) and 'non-specific reward' (Δg = -0.19, CI = -0.34;-0.05) were associated with lower efficacy. Certain BCTs that involve personal contact may be beneficial, although none were statistically significantly associated with greater efficacy. The median percentage of adherence was 90% (IQR = 81-95). Adherence was higher in studies using the BCT 'self-monitoring of behaviour' and lower in studies using the BCT 'graded tasks' than studies not using these BCTs (p < 0.001). These findings provide first evidence that BCTs can influence both adherence to and efficacy of CCT programs in cognitively healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeske Peeters
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud Institute of Health Science, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
| | - Irene L Black
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, CHI Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sjaan R Gomersall
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Aoife Sweeney
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | | | - Rogerio Panizzutti
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claire T McEvoy
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Amit Lampit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Welfare technology interventions among older people living at home-A systematic review of RCT studies. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2023; 2:e0000184. [PMID: 36812629 PMCID: PMC9931340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of health services is for the elderly to maintain their mental and physical health and live at home independently for as long as possible. Various technical welfare solutions have been introduced and tested to support an independent life. The aim of this systematic review was to examine different types of interventions and assess the effectiveness of welfare technology (WT) interventions for older people living at home. This study was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020190316) and followed the PRISMA statement. Primary randomized control trial (RCT) studies published between 2015 and 2020 were identified through the following databases: Academic, AMED, Cochrane Reviews, EBSCOhost, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Ovid MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Twelve out of 687 papers met the criteria for eligibility. We used risk-of-bias assessment (RoB 2) for the included studies. Based on the RoB 2 outcomes that showed a high risk of bias (>50%) and high heterogeneity of quantitative data, we decided to narratively summarize the study characteristics, outcome measures, and implications for practice. The included studies were conducted in six countries, namely the USA, Sweden, Korea, Italy, Singapore, and the UK. One was conducted in three European countries (the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland). A total of 8437 participants were sampled, and individual study sample sizes ranged from 12 to 6742. Most of the studies were two-armed RCTs, except for two that were three-armed. The duration of the welfare technology tested in the studies ranged from four weeks to six months. The employed technologies were commercial solutions, including telephones, smartphones, computers, telemonitors, and robots. The type of interventions were balance training, physical exercise and function, cognitive training, monitoring of symptoms, activation of emergency medical systems, self-care, reduction of death risk, and medical alert protection systems. The latter studies were the first of their kind and suggested that physician-led telemonitoring could reduce length of hospital stay. In summary, welfare technology seems to offer solutions to supporting elderly people at home. The results showed a wide range of uses for technologies for improving mental and physical health. All studies showed encouraging results for improving the participants' health status.
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11
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Ripp I, Emch M, Wu Q, Lizarraga A, Udale R, von Bastian CC, Koch K, Yakushev I. Adaptive working memory training does not produce transfer effects in cognition and neuroimaging. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:512. [PMID: 36513642 PMCID: PMC9747798 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite growing interest in cognitive interventions from academia and industry, it remains unclear if working memory (WM) training, one of the most popular cognitive interventions, produces transfer effects. Transfer effects are training-induced gains in performance in untrained cognitive tasks, while practice effects are improvements in trained task. The goal of this study was to evaluate potential transfer effects by comprehensive cognitive testing and neuroimaging. In this prospective, randomized-controlled, and single-blind study, we administered an 8-week n-back training to 55 healthy middle-aged (50-64 years) participants. State-of-the-art multimodal neuroimaging was used to examine potential anatomic and functional changes. Relative to control subjects, who performed non-adaptive WM training, no near or far transfer effects were detected in experimental subjects, who performed adaptive WM training. Equivalently, no training-related changes were observed in white matter integrity, amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, glucose metabolism, functional and metabolic connectivity. Exploratory within-group comparisons revealed some gains in transfer tasks, which, however, cannot be attributed to an increased WM capacity. In conclusion, WM training produces transfer effects neither at the cognitive level nor in terms of neural structure or function. These results speak against a common view that training-related gains reflect an increase in underlying WM capacity. Instead, the presently observed practice effects may be a result of optimized task processing strategies, which do not necessarily engage neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ripp
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mónica Emch
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Qiong Wu
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XInstitute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Aldana Lizarraga
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Udale
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Kathrin Koch
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Igor Yakushev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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12
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Lima-Silva TB, Ordonez TN, Santos GD, Moreira APB, Verga CER, Ishibashi GA, Silva GAD, Prata PL, Moraes LCD, Brucki SMD. Effects of working memory training on cognition in healthy older adults: A systematic review. Dement Neuropsychol 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2021-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT. The working memory (WM) training in older adults can benefit their cognition. However, there is a dearth of literature reviews on the subject. Objective: This study aimed to investigate and evaluate the effects of WM training on the cognition of healthy older adults, in individual and group interventions reported in the literature. Methods: This is a systematic review involving a qualitative analysis of publications on the SciELO, LILACS, and MEDLINE databases carried out between March and June 2021. Results: A total of 47 studies were identified and analyzed, comprising 40 in older adults only and 7 comparing older and younger adults, investigating individual or group WM training or other types of intervention focused on WM effects. Conclusions: Both individual and group intervention contributed to the maintenance and/or improvement of cognition in older adults exploiting brain plasticity to promote mental health and prevent cognitive problems that can negatively impact quality of life of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Bento Lima-Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Coley N, Giulioli C, Aisen PS, Vellas B, Andrieu S. Randomised controlled trials for the prevention of cognitive decline or dementia: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101777. [PMID: 36336171 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dementia prevention research has progressed rapidly in recent years, with publication of several large lifestyle intervention trials, and renewed interest in pharmacological interventions, notably for individuals with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, warranting an updated review of results and methodology. We identified 112 completed trials testing the efficacy of single-domain pharmacological (n = 33, 29%), nutritional (n = 27, 24%), physical activity (n = 18, 16%) and cognitive stimulation (n = 13, 12%), or multidomain (n = 22, 20%) interventions on incident dementia, or a relevant intermediate marker (e.g. cognitive function, biomarkers or dementia risk scores) in people without dementia. The earliest trials tested pharmacological interventions or nutritional supplements, but lifestyle interventions predominated in the last decade. In total, 21 (19%) trials demonstrated a clear beneficial effect on the pre-specified primary outcome (or all co-primary outcomes), but only two (10%) were large-scale (testing blood pressure lowering (Syst-Eur) or multidomain (FINGER) interventions on incident dementia and cognitive change in cognitive function, respectively). Of the 116 ongoing trials, 40% (n = 46) are testing multidomain interventions. Recent methodological shifts concern target populations, primary outcome measures, and intervention design, but study design remains constant (parallel group randomised controlled trial). Future trials may consider using adaptive trials or interventions, and more targeted approaches, since certain interventions may be more effective in certain subgroups of the population, and at specific times in the life-course. Efforts should also be made to increase the representativeness and diversity of prevention trial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Coley
- Center for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health (CERPOP), University of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1295, UPS, Toulouse, France; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
| | - Caroline Giulioli
- Center for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health (CERPOP), University of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1295, UPS, Toulouse, France; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Center for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health (CERPOP), University of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1295, UPS, Toulouse, France; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France; Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Sandrine Andrieu
- Center for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health (CERPOP), University of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1295, UPS, Toulouse, France; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal and Geriatric Medicine, University of New Mexico, USA
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14
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Nicastri CM, McFeeley BM, Simon SS, Ledreux A, Håkansson K, Granholm A, Mohammed AH, Daffner KR. BDNF mediates improvement in cognitive performance after computerized cognitive training in healthy older adults. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2022; 8:e12337. [PMID: 36089933 PMCID: PMC9428279 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The often‐cited mechanism linking brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to cognitive health has received limited experimental study. There is evidence that cognitive training, physical exercise, and mindfulness meditation may improve cognition. Here, we investigated whether improvements in cognition after these three types of structured interventions are facilitated by increases in BDNF. Methods A total of 144 heathy older adults completed a 5‐week intervention involving working memory/cognitive training, physical exercise, mindfulness meditation, or an active control condition. Serum BDNF levels and Digit Symbol Test (DST) performance were measured pre‐ and post‐intervention. Results Linear mixed models suggested that only the cognitive training group demonstrated augmentation of BDNF and DST performance relative to the control condition. Path analysis revealed that changes in BDNF mediate intervention‐related improvement in task performance. Regression analyses showed that, across all intervention conditions, increased BDNF levels were associated with increased DST scores. Discussion This study appears to be the first to suggest that BDNF helps mediate improvements in cognition after working memory training in healthy older adults. Highlights Older adults were randomized to physical activity, mindfulness, cognitive training (computerized cognitive training (CCT), or control. CCT, but no other condition, led to increased serum brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. CCT led to improvement on the untrained Digit Symbol Test (DST) of speed/working memory. Path analysis: increases in BDNF mediate intervention‐related improvement on DST. Increases in BDNF associated with improved DST across all experimental groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey M. Nicastri
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging Center for Brain/Mind Medicine Department of Neurology Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Brittany M. McFeeley
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging Center for Brain/Mind Medicine Department of Neurology Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Sharon S. Simon
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division Department of Neurology Columbia University New York New York USA
| | - Aurélie Ledreux
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
- Department of Neurosurgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Krister Håkansson
- Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital Solna Sweden
| | - Ann‐Charlotte Granholm
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
- Department of Neurosurgery University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA
- Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Kirk R. Daffner
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging Center for Brain/Mind Medicine Department of Neurology Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
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15
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Nguyen L, Murphy K, Andrews G. A Game a Day Keeps Cognitive Decline Away? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Commercially-Available Brain Training Programs in Healthy and Cognitively Impaired Older Adults. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 32:601-630. [PMID: 34251578 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The rising prevalence rates of age-related cognitive impairment are a worldwide public concern, bringing about a surge in the number of "brain training" programs commercially available to the general public. Numerous companies advertise that their products improve memory and protect against cognitive decline, though researchers have voiced concerns regarding the validity of such claims. To address this issue, the current meta-analytic investigation examined evidence from 43 studies (encompassing 2,636 participants) to evaluate the efficacy of commercial training programs within two separate populations: healthy older adults and older adults with mild cognitive-impairment (MCI). Seven programs were identified: BrainGymmer, BrainHQ, CogMed, CogniFit, Dakim, Lumosity, and MyBrainTrainer. Analyses yielded small, significant near-transfer effects for both healthy and MCI samples. Far-transfer was not observed for the MCI sample, whereas a small, significant effect was found for subjective but not objective measures of far-transfer in the healthy sample. Analyses of individual domains (combining near-and far-transfer outcomes) yielded significant transfer to executive-functioning, memory, and processing-speed in healthy older adults. After adjusting for publication bias, only the effect size for processing speed remained significant. Transfer to attention, objective everyday functioning, fluid-intelligence, and visuospatial domains was not significant. Thus, whilst "brain training" may be suitable for enjoyment and entertainment purposes, there is currently insufficient empirical evidence to support that such training can improve memory, general cognition, or everyday functioning. This area of research is still in its infancy and warrants further investigation to provide more substantial evidence regarding the efficacy of this rapidly expanding industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Nguyen
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Karen Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Glenda Andrews
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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16
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Alaimo C, Campana E, Stoppelli MR, Gobbi E, Baglio F, Rossetto F, Binetti G, Zanetti O, Manenti R, Cotelli M. Cognitive Tele-Enhancement in Healthy Older Adults and Subjects With Subjective Memory Complaints: A Review. Front Neurol 2021; 12:650553. [PMID: 34290660 PMCID: PMC8287022 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.650553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, emphasis has been placed on cognitive enhancement to stimulate cognitive abilities and prevent functional decline. Considering that traditional face-to-face interventions can be very expensive and are not accessible to all individuals, the need to transfer care from the clinic to the patient's home is evident. In this regard, cognitive tele-enhancement interventions have received increased attention. Aim: The aim of this review was to provide an overview of protocols that apply remotely controlled cognitive training with individualized feedback on performance by the therapist in healthy older adults or participants with subjective memory complaints. Methods: Out of 35 articles assessed for eligibility, eight studies were identified. Of the selected studies, five included cognitively healthy older adults, while three included participants with subjective memory complaints. Results: Most of the reviewed studies showed beneficial effects of cognitive tele-enhancement interventions, reporting improvements in memory, sustained attention, working memory, executive functions, and language abilities. Moreover, reductions in anxiety and depression symptomatology levels, as well as in subjective memory difficulties, were described in some of the studies. Conclusions: Cognitive tele-enhancement treatment could be a good alternative to face-to-face intervention. This literature review highlights the importance of applying preventive cognitive interventions to subjects with initial subjective memory complaints. Remote modalities seem to facilitate the application of such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alaimo
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Campana
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Rachele Stoppelli
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Gobbi
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuliano Binetti
- Macroattività Ambulatoriale Complessa (MAC) Memory Clinic and Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Orazio Zanetti
- Alzheimer's Research Unit, Macroattività Ambulatoriale Complessa (MAC) Memory Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosa Manenti
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Cotelli
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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17
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Stavroulaki V, Giakoumaki SG, Sidiropoulou K. Working memory training effects across the lifespan: Evidence from human and experimental animal studies. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 194:111415. [PMID: 33338498 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Working memory refers to a cognitive function that provides temporary storage and manipulation of the information necessary for complex cognitive tasks. Due to its central role in general cognition, several studies have investigated the possibility that training on working memory tasks could improve not only working memory function but also increase other cognitive abilities or modulate other behaviors. This possibility is still highly controversial, with prior studies providing contradictory findings. The lack of systematic approaches and methodological shortcomings complicates this debate even more. This review highlights the impact of working memory training at different ages on humans. Finally, it demonstrates several findings about the neural substrate of training in both humans and experimental animals, including non-human primates and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stella G Giakoumaki
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, Gallos University Campus, University of Crete, Rethymno, 74100, Crete, Greece; University of Crete Research Center for the Humanities, The Social and Educational Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno, 74100, Crete, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Sidiropoulou
- Dept of Biology, University of Crete, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece.
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18
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Ophey A, Roheger M, Folkerts AK, Skoetz N, Kalbe E. A Systematic Review on Predictors of Working Memory Training Responsiveness in Healthy Older Adults: Methodological Challenges and Future Directions. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:575804. [PMID: 33173503 PMCID: PMC7591761 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.575804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Research on predictors of working memory training responsiveness, which could help tailor cognitive interventions individually, is a timely topic in healthy aging. However, the findings are highly heterogeneous, reporting partly conflicting results following a broad spectrum of methodological approaches to answer the question “who benefits most” from working memory training. Objective: The present systematic review aimed to systematically investigate prognostic factors and models for working memory training responsiveness in healthy older adults. Method: Four online databases were searched up to October 2019 (MEDLINE Ovid, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and PsycINFO). The inclusion criteria for full texts were publication in a peer-reviewed journal in English/German, inclusion of healthy older individuals aged ≥55 years without any neurological and/or psychiatric diseases including cognitive impairment, and the investigation of prognostic factors and/or models for training responsiveness after targeted working memory training in terms of direct training effects, near-transfer effects to verbal and visuospatial working memory as well as far-transfer effects to other cognitive domains and behavioral variables. The study design was not limited to randomized controlled trials. Results: A total of 16 studies including n = 675 healthy older individuals with a mean age of 63.0–86.8 years were included in this review. Within these studies, five prognostic model approaches and 18 factor finding approaches were reported. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies checklist, indicating that important information, especially regarding the domains study attrition, study confounding, and statistical analysis and reporting, was lacking throughout many of the investigated studies. Age, education, intelligence, and baseline performance in working memory or other cognitive domains were frequently investigated predictors across studies. Conclusions: Given the methodological shortcomings of the included studies, no clear conclusions can be drawn, and emerging patterns of prognostic effects will have to survive sound methodological replication in future attempts to promote precision medicine approaches in the context of working memory training. Methodological considerations are discussed, and our findings are embedded to the cognitive aging literature, considering, for example, the cognitive reserve framework and the compensation vs. magnification account. The need for personalized cognitive prevention and intervention methods to counteract cognitive decline in the aging population is high and the potential enormous. Registration: PROSPERO, ID CRD42019142750.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Ophey
- Department of Medical Psychology
- Neuropsychology & Gender Studies, Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mandy Roheger
- Department of Medical Psychology
- Neuropsychology & Gender Studies, Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Folkerts
- Department of Medical Psychology
- Neuropsychology & Gender Studies, Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicole Skoetz
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elke Kalbe
- Department of Medical Psychology
- Neuropsychology & Gender Studies, Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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19
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Roheger M, Folkerts AK, Krohm F, Skoetz N, Kalbe E. Prognostic Models for Changes in Memory Performance After Memory Training in Healthy Older Adults: a Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-020-00194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIdentifying individuals’ profiles of prognostic factors that predict improvements after nonpharmacological interventions such as memory trainings may help to not only predict individuals’ future outcomes after such intervention, but also tailor new trainings for individuals with specific characteristics. However, until now, no systematic review on prognostic models, defined as a set of multiple prognostic factors to predict a future outcome, for changes in memory performance after memory training exist. MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, CENTRAL, and PsycInfo were searched up to November 2019 to identify studies investigating prognostic models on verbal and non-verbal short- and long-term memory after conducting memory training in healthy older adults. The PROBAST tool was used to assess risk of bias. After screening n = 10,703 studies, n = 12 studies were included. These studies and the investigated statistical models are highly heterogeneous, so that conclusions are limited. However, one consistent result was that lower age combined with higher education seems to predict higher improvements after memory training. More studies on prognostic models for memory changes after memory training have to be conducted before clear conclusions which will help to tailor memory trainings to individuals’ profiles can be drawn. Registration: CRD42018105803, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO
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20
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Billig AR, Feng NC, Behforuzi H, McFeeley BM, Nicastri CM, Daffner KR. Capacity-limited resources are used for managing sensory degradation and cognitive demands: Implications for age-related cognitive decline and dementia. Cortex 2020; 133:277-294. [PMID: 33157347 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Older adults with sensory deficits are at higher risk for developing cognitive impairment and dementia. It remains uncertain if the link between sensory and cognitive functioning reflects a common underlying factor or whether sensory deficits directly undermine cognitive processing. This issue was addressed by comparing behavioral and event-related potential responses of 16 older and 16 young adults during a working memory paradigm that parametrically varied visual contrast level (100%, 69%, 22%) and cognitive task load (1-4 face pairs to remember). The groups were well-matched on demographic and neuropsychological variables; however, older adults had worse corrected visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. The study's major finding was an interaction between visual contrast level and task load on performance accuracy (percent of correct responses) and the allocation of resources for decision making/updating (as indexed by the P3b amplitude). The negative impact of degraded visual processing was greater at higher levels of task demand. This result suggests that a shared pool of processing resources is used to mediate cognitive operations and manage the processing of degraded images. The study also demonstrated that older adults reach the limits of their processing capacity at lower levels of task load. The interaction between visual degradation and task demand, accompanied by the age-related reduction in available processing resources highlight the increased vulnerability of older adults. Specifically, an age-associated decline in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity puts older adults at risk for depleting their limited resources in the service of processing degraded visual images. The results of this study underscore the potential importance of optimizing vision in older adults to help mitigate age-associated cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Billig
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Nicole C Feng
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Hura Behforuzi
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Brittany M McFeeley
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Casey M Nicastri
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Kirk R Daffner
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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21
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Simon SS, Castellani M, Belleville S, Dwolatzky T, Hampstead BM, Bahar-Fuchs A. The design, evaluation, and reporting on non-pharmacological, cognition-oriented treatments for older adults: Results of a survey of experts. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2020; 6:e12024. [PMID: 32523978 PMCID: PMC7276188 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Cognitive decline and dementia significantly affect independence and quality of life in older adults; therefore, it is critical to identify effective cognition-oriented treatments (COTs; eg, cognitive training, rehabilitation) that can help maintain or enhance cognitive functioning in older adults, as well as reduce dementia risk or alleviate symptoms associated with pathological processes. Methods The Cognitive Intervention Design Evaluation and Reporting (CIDER), a working group from the Non-Pharmacological Interventions Professional Interest Area (NPI-PIA) of the Alzheimer's Association conducted as survey in 2017 with experts in COTs worldwide. The survey's aims were three-fold: (1) determine the common attitudes, beliefs, and practices of experts involved in the COTs research targeting older people; (2) identify areas of relative agreement and disagreement among experts in the field; and (3) offer a critical review of the literature, including recommendations for future research. Results The survey identified several areas of agreements among experts on critical features of COTs, and on study design and outcome measures. Nevertheless, there were some areas with relative disagreement. Critically, expert opinions were not always supported by scientific evidence, suggesting that methodologic improvements are needed regarding design, implementation, and reporting of COTs. There was a clear consensus that COTs provide benefits and should be offered to cognitively unimpaired older adults, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and mild dementia, but opinions differed for moderate and severe dementia. In addition, there is no consensus on the potential role of COTs in dementia prevention, indicating that future research should prioritize this aspect. Discussion Evidence of COTs in older adults is encouraging, but additional evidence is needed to enhance dementia prevention. Consensus building and guidelines in the field are critical to improve and accelerate the development of high-quality evidence for COTs in cognitively unimpaired older adults, and those with MCI and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Sanz Simon
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division Department of Neurology Columbia University New York New York.,Old Age Research Group (PROTER) Department of Psychiatry São Paulo Medical School University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Mary Castellani
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age Department of Psychiatry University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Psychology Department Université de Montréal Montreal Canada.,Research Center Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal Montreal Canada
| | - Tzvi Dwolatzky
- Rambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Benjamin M Hampstead
- Mental Health Service VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System Ann Arbor Michigan.,Neuropsychology Section Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Alex Bahar-Fuchs
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age Department of Psychiatry University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
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22
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West RK, Rabin LA, Silverman JM, Moshier E, Sano M, Beeri MS. Short-term computerized cognitive training does not improve cognition compared to an active control in non-demented adults aged 80 years and above. Int Psychogeriatr 2020; 32:65-73. [PMID: 30968798 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610219000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults, especially those above age 80, are the fastest growing segment of the population in the United States and at risk for age-related cognitive decline and dementia. There is growing evidence that cognitive activity and training may allow adults to maintain or improve cognitive functioning, but little is known about the potential benefit in the oldest old. In this randomized trial, the effectiveness of a computerized cognitive training program (CCT program) was compared to an active control games program to improve cognition in cognitively normal individuals aged 80 and older. METHODS Sixty-nine older adults were randomized to a 24-session CCT program (n = 39) or an active control program (n = 30). Participants completed a pre- and post- training neuropsychological assessment. The primary outcome measure was a global cognitive composite, and the secondary outcomes were the scores on specific cognitive domains (of memory, executive function/attention, and language). RESULTS Using linear mixed models, there were no significant differences between the CCT and the active control program on the primary (p = 0.662) or any of the secondary outcomes (language functioning, p = .628; attention/executive functioning, p = .428; memory, p = .749). CONCLUSION This study suggests that short-term CCT had no specific benefit for cognitive functioning in non-demented individuals aged 80 and older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K West
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura A Rabin
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy M Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin Moshier
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Sano
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Schwartz HE, Bay CP, McFeeley BM, Krivanek TJ, Daffner KR, Gale SA. The Brain Health Champion study: Health coaching changes behaviors in patients with cognitive impairment. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2019; 5:771-779. [PMID: 31763431 PMCID: PMC6861624 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Converging evidence suggests that increasing healthy behaviors may slow or prevent cognitive decline. METHODS We piloted a six-month, randomized, controlled investigation of 40 patients with mild dementia, mild cognitive impairment, or subjective cognitive decline. The intervention consisted of weekly motivational interviewing phone calls and three visits with a "Brain Health Champion" health coach, who guided participants to achieve personalized goals. Changes in behavior were measured using validated questionnaires. RESULTS Compared with the standard-of-care control group, Brain Health Champion participants had statistically significant and clinically meaningful increases in physical activity (Cohen's d = 1.37, P < .001), adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Cohen's d = 0.87, P = .016), cognitive/social activity (Cohen's d = 1.09, P = .003), and quality of life (Cohen's d = 1.23, P < .001). The magnitude of behavior change strongly predicted improvement in quality of life. DISCUSSION Our results demonstrate the feasibility and potential efficacy of a health coaching approach in changing health behaviors in cognitively impaired and at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope E.M. Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Camden P. Bay
- Center for Clinical Investigation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittany M. McFeeley
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taylor J. Krivanek
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kirk R. Daffner
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth A. Gale
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Alnajjar F, Khalid S, Vogan AA, Shimoda S, Nouchi R, Kawashima R. Emerging Cognitive Intervention Technologies to Meet the Needs of an Aging Population: A Systematic Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:291. [PMID: 31798439 PMCID: PMC6821684 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cognitive training helps to promote healthy aging and ease activities of daily living for older adults. Recently, experiments have been conducted using robots to perform this cognitive training. Methods: A review was conducted to examine the effects of computer-based cognitive interventions for older adults who were either healthy or experiencing mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A second study also examined the evolution of socially assistive robots (SAR) and their effectiveness at administering cognitive training for older adults. Results: Eighty-one studies published between 2009 and 2019 were identified for review, 56 of which focused on computerized cognitive training (CCT) while 25 examined the use of robotics. Twenty-four of the 56 CCT studies met the inclusion criteria. These were further classified into two groups: studies which used self-designed programs, and studies using commercially available ones. Of the 25 studies examining the use of robotics in cognitive intervention 7 met the inclusion criteria. Review shows that CCT improves cognitive function but that robots are more effective tools for improving cognition. Conclusion: It can be concluded that CCT is beneficial for older adults and though there are drawbacks to this approach they are overcome by the introduction of robots into the training process. Culture, language, and socio-economic considerations vis-a-vis robot design and training methodology should be included in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fady Alnajjar
- College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Intelligent Behavior Control Unit, CBS-TOYOTA Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sumayya Khalid
- College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alistair A Vogan
- College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shingo Shimoda
- Intelligent Behavior Control Unit, CBS-TOYOTA Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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25
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Teixeira-Santos AC, Moreira CS, Magalhães R, Magalhães C, Pereira DR, Leite J, Carvalho S, Sampaio A. Reviewing working memory training gains in healthy older adults: A meta-analytic review of transfer for cognitive outcomes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:163-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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Behforuzi H, Feng NC, Billig AR, Ryan E, Tusch ES, Holcomb PJ, Mohammed AH, Daffner KR. Markers of Novelty Processing in Older Adults Are Stable and Reliable. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:165. [PMID: 31316374 PMCID: PMC6611344 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploratory behavior and responsiveness to novelty play an important role in maintaining cognitive function in older adults. Inferences about age- or disease-related differences in neural and behavioral responses to novelty are most often based on results from single experimental testing sessions. There has been very limited research on whether such findings represent stable characteristics of populations studied, which is essential if investigators are to determine the result of interventions aimed at promoting exploratory behaviors or draw appropriate conclusions about differences in the processing of novelty across diverse clinical groups. The goal of the current study was to investigate the short-term test-retest reliability of event-related potential (ERP) and behavioral responses to novel stimuli in cognitively normal older adults. ERPs and viewing durations were recorded in 70 healthy older adults participating in a subject-controlled visual novelty oddball task during two sessions occurring 7 weeks apart. Mean midline P3 amplitude and latency, mean midline amplitude during successive 50 ms intervals, temporospatial factors derived from principal component analysis (PCA), and viewing duration in response to novel stimuli were measured during each session. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no reliable differences in the value of any measurements between Time 1 and 2. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between Time 1 and 2 were excellent for mean P3 amplitude (ICC = 0.86), the two temporospatial factors consistent with the P3 components (ICC of 0.88 and 0.76) and viewing duration of novel stimuli (ICC = 0.81). Reliability was only fair for P3 peak latency (ICC = 0.56). Successive 50 ms mean amplitude measures from 100 to 1,000 ms yielded fair to excellent reliabilities, and all but one of the 12 temporospatial factors identified demonstrated ICCs in the good to excellent range. We conclude that older adults demonstrate substantial stability in ERP and behavioral responses to novel visual stimuli over a 7-week period. These results suggest that older adults may have a characteristic way of processing novelty that appears resistant to transient changes in their environment or internal states, which can be indexed during a single testing session. The establishment of reliable measures of novelty processing will allow investigators to determine whether proposed interventions have an impact on this important aspect of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hura Behforuzi
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicole C. Feng
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adam R. Billig
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eliza Ryan
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erich S. Tusch
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Phillip J. Holcomb
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Abdul H. Mohammed
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirk R. Daffner
- Laboratory of Healthy Cognitive Aging, Department of Neurology, Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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27
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Ledreux A, Håkansson K, Carlsson R, Kidane M, Columbo L, Terjestam Y, Ryan E, Tusch E, Winblad B, Daffner K, Granholm AC, Mohammed AKH. Differential Effects of Physical Exercise, Cognitive Training, and Mindfulness Practice on Serum BDNF Levels in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Intervention Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:1245-1261. [PMID: 31498125 PMCID: PMC10896591 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that an active lifestyle is associated with better brain health and a longer life, compared to a more sedentary lifestyle. These studies, both on human and animal subjects, have typically focused on a single activity, usually physical exercise, but other activities have received an increasing interest. One proposed mechanism is that physical exercise increases levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain. For the first time, the long-term effects on serum BDNF levels were compared in persons who engaged in either physical exercise training, cognitive training, or mindfulness practice during 5 weeks, and compared with an active control group. Two cohorts of healthy older individuals, one from the Boston area in the US and one from the Växjö area in Sweden, participated. A total of 146 participants were randomly assigned to one of the four groups. All interventions were structurally similar, using interactive, computer-based software that directed participants to carry out specified activities for 35 minutes/day, 5 days per week for 5 weeks. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and soon after the completion of the 5-week long intervention program, and serum BDNF levels were measured using a commercially available ELISA. Only the group that underwent cognitive training increased their serum BDNF levels after 5 weeks of training (F1,74 = 4.22, p = 0.044, partial η2 = 0.054), corresponding to an average 10% increase. These results strongly suggest that cognitive training can exert beneficial effects on brain health in an older adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Ledreux
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Krister Håkansson
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger Carlsson
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Mhretab Kidane
- Department of Computer Science and Media Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Laura Columbo
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Eliza Ryan
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erich Tusch
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirk Daffner
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann-Charlotte Granholm
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abdul Kadir H Mohammed
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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