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Silverman JM, Zhu CW, Schmeidler J, Lee PG, Alexander NB, Guerrero-Berroa E, Beeri MS, West RK, Sano M, Nabozny M, Karran M. Does computerized cognitive training improve diabetes self-management and cognition? A randomized control trial of middle-aged and older veterans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 195:110149. [PMID: 36427629 PMCID: PMC9908839 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This randomized control trial compared an adaptive computerized cognitive training intervention with a non-adaptive version. The primary hypothesis predicted better diabetes self-management in type 2 diabetes patients at 6 months post-intervention than baseline in the adaptive arm, with seven secondary outcomes. METHODS Intent-to-treat analysis of veterans without dementia aged 55+ from the Bronx, NY and Ann Arbor, MI (N = 90/per arm) used linear mixed model analyses. RESULTS Contrary to the hypothesis, only memory showed more improvement in the adaptive arm (p < 0.01). Post-hoc analyses combined the two arms; self-management improved at six-months post-intervention (p < 0.001). Memory, executive functions/attention, prospective memory, diastolic blood pressure, and systolic blood pressure improved (p < 0.05); hemoglobin A1c and medication adherence did not improve significantly. CONCLUSIONS The adaptive computerized cognitive training was not substantially better than non-adaptive, but may improve memory. Post-hoc results for the combined arms suggest computer-related activities may improve diabetes self-management and other outcomes for middle-aged and older patients with type 2 diabetes. Practice effects or awareness of being studied cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Silverman
- Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Carolyn W Zhu
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics & Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - James Schmeidler
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pearl G Lee
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Neil B Alexander
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Guerrero-Berroa
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michal S Beeri
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rebecca K West
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Sano
- Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martina Nabozny
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martha Karran
- Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Julbe-Delgado D, O'Brien JL, Abdulkarim R, Hudak EM, Maeda H, Edwards JD. Quantifying Recruitment Source and Participant Communication Preferences for Alzheimer's Disease Prevention Research. JPAD-JOURNAL OF PREVENTION OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE 2021; 8:299-305. [PMID: 34101787 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2021.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on effective engagement of diverse participants in AD prevention research is lacking. OBJECTIVES To quantify recruitment source in relation to race, ethnicity, and retention. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING University lab. PARTICIPANTS Participants included older adults (N=1170) who identified as White (86%), Black (8%), and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity (6%). MEASUREMENTS The Cognitive Aging Lab Marketing Questionnaire assessed recruitment source, social media use, and research opportunity communication preferences. RESULTS Effective recruitment methods and communication preferences vary by race and ethnicity. The most common referral sources were postcards for racial minorities, friend/family referrals for Hispanic/Latinos, and the newspaper for Whites. Whereas Whites preferred email communications, Hispanic/Latinos preferred texts. CONCLUSIONS Recruiting diverse samples in AD prevention research is clinically relevant given high AD-risk of minorities and that health disparities are propagated by their under-representation in research. Our questionnaire and these results may be applied to facilitate effective research engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Julbe-Delgado
- Jerri D. Edwards, University of South Florida, 3515 E. Fletcher Ave, MDT 200, Tampa, FL 33613, USA, Telephone: (813) 974-6703; Fax (813) 974-2882,
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Whiteley WN, Anand S, Bangdiwala SI, Bosch J, Canavan M, Chertkow H, Gerstein HC, Gorelick P, O’Donnell M, Paré G, Pigeyre M, Seshadri S, Sharma M, Smith EE, Williamson J, Cukierman-Yaffe T, Hart RG, Yusuf S. Are large simple trials for dementia prevention possible? Age Ageing 2020; 49:154-160. [PMID: 31830268 PMCID: PMC7047819 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
New trials of dementia prevention are needed to test novel strategies and agents. Large, simple, cardiovascular trials have successfully discovered treatments with moderate but worthwhile effects to prevent heart attack and stroke. The design of these trials may hold lessons for the dementia prevention. Here we outline suitable populations, interventions and outcomes for large simple trials in dementia prevention. We consider what features are needed to maximise efficiency. Populations could be selected by age, clinical or genetic risk factors or clinical presentation. Patients and their families prioritise functional and clinical outcomes over cognitive scores and levels of biomarkers. Loss of particular functions or dementia diagnoses therefore are most meaningful to participants and potential patients and can be measured in large trials. The size of the population and duration of follow-up needed for dementia prevention trials will be a major challenge and will need collaboration between many clinical investigators, funders and patient organisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Whiteley
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Sonia Anand
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University & Hamilton Health Sciences, Canada
| | - Shrikant I Bangdiwala
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University & Hamilton Health Sciences, Canada
| | - Jackie Bosch
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University & Hamilton Health Sciences, Canada
| | - Michelle Canavan
- Department of Medicine, National University of Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Howard Chertkow
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Canada
| | - Hertzel C Gerstein
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University & Hamilton Health Sciences, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Philip Gorelick
- Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine and Mercy Health Hauenstein Neurosciences, USA
| | - Martin O’Donnell
- Department of Medicine, National University of Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University & Hamilton Health Sciences, Canada
| | - Marie Pigeyre
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University & Hamilton Health Sciences, Canada
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The Framingham Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Mike Sharma
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University & Hamilton Health Sciences, Canada
| | - Eric E Smith
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Jeff Williamson
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine and the Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Tali Cukierman-Yaffe
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Division, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Epidemiology Department, Sackler School of Medicine, Herczeg Institute on Aging, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Robert G Hart
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University & Hamilton Health Sciences, Canada
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University & Hamilton Health Sciences, Canada
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Silverman JM, Schmeidler J, Lee PG, Alexander NB, Beeri MS, Guerrero-Berroa E, West RK, Sano M, Nabozny M, Rodriguez Alvarez C. Associations of hemoglobin A1c with cognition reduced for long diabetes duration. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2020; 5:926-932. [PMID: 31890856 PMCID: PMC6926347 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Associations of some risk factors with poor cognition, identified prior to age 75, are reduced or reversed in very old age. The Protected Survivor Model predicts this interaction due to enhanced survival of those with extended risk factor duration. In a younger sample, this study examines the association of cognition with the mean hemoglobin A1c risk factor over the time at risk, according to its duration. Methods The interaction of mean hemoglobin A1c (average = 9.8%), evaluated over duration (average = 116.8 months), was examined for overall cognition and three cognitive domains in a sample of 150 “young-old” veterans (mean age = 70) with type 2 diabetes. Results The predicted interactions were significant for overall cognition and attention, but not executive functions/language and memory. Discussion Findings extend the Protected Survivor Model to a “young-old” sample, from the very old. This model suggests focusing on individuals with good cognition despite prolonged high risk when seeking protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Silverman
- Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: (718) 584-9000 x 1700; Fax: (718) 562-9120.
| | - James Schmeidler
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pearl G. Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Neil B. Alexander
- Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Guerrero-Berroa
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca K. West
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Sano
- Research & Development, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martina Nabozny
- Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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