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Xu Lou I, Chen J, Ali K, Shaikh AL, Chen Q. Mapping new pharmacological interventions for cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1190604. [PMID: 37332343 PMCID: PMC10270324 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1190604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, that is, characterized by cognitive decline. To date, there are no effective treatments for AD. Therefore, the objective of this study was to map new perspectives on the effects of pharmacological treatment on cognitive function and the overall psychological state in patients with AD. Methods: Two independent researchers searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) exploring new pharmacological approaches related to cognition in Alzheimer's disease in adults from 2018 to 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. A total of 17 RCTs were included in this review. Results: The results show that in recent years, new drugs have been tested in patients with Alzheimer's disease, including masitinib, methylphenidate, levetiracetam, Jiannao Yizhi, and Huannao Yicong formulas. Most studies have been conducted in populations with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion: Although some of the drugs found suggested improvement in cognitive function, the scarcity of available studies highlights the need for further research in this area. Systematic review registration: [www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42023409986].
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Xu Lou
- International Education College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayue Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Clinical Medical College Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kamran Ali
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Abdul Lateef Shaikh
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qilan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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The Role of Small Heat Shock Proteins in Protein Misfolding Associated Motoneuron Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911759. [PMID: 36233058 PMCID: PMC9569637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Motoneuron diseases (MNDs) are neurodegenerative conditions associated with death of upper and/or lower motoneurons (MNs). Proteostasis alteration is a pathogenic mechanism involved in many MNDs and is due to the excessive presence of misfolded and aggregated proteins. Protein misfolding may be the product of gene mutations, or due to defects in the translation process, or to stress agents; all these conditions may alter the native conformation of proteins making them prone to aggregate. Alternatively, mutations in members of the protein quality control (PQC) system may determine a loss of function of the proteostasis network. This causes an impairment in the capability to handle and remove aberrant or damaged proteins. The PQC system consists of the degradative pathways, which are the autophagy and the proteasome, and a network of chaperones and co-chaperones. Among these components, Heat Shock Protein 70 represents the main factor in substrate triage to folding, refolding, or degradation, and it is assisted in this task by a subclass of the chaperone network, the small heat shock protein (sHSPs/HSPBs) family. HSPBs take part in proteostasis by bridging misfolded and aggregated proteins to the HSP70 machinery and to the degradative pathways, facilitating refolding or clearance of the potentially toxic proteins. Because of its activity against proteostasis alteration, the chaperone system plays a relevant role in the protection against proteotoxicity in MNDs. Here, we discuss the role of HSPBs in MNDs and which HSPBs may represent a valid target for therapeutic purposes.
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Dutysheva EA, Utepova IA, Trestsova MA, Anisimov AS, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON, Margulis BA, Guzhova IV, Lazarev VF. Synthesis and approbation of new neuroprotective chemicals of pyrrolyl- and indolylazine classes in a cell model of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113577. [PMID: 34087544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the major causes of neurodegeneration in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is the accumulation of cytotoxic amyloid species within the intercellular compartments of the brain. The efficacy of the anti-proteotoxic mechanism based on the molecular chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90 in numerous types of neurons is often low, while its pharmacological enhancement has been shown to ameliorate the physiological and cognitive functions of the brain. Suggesting that the chemicals able to induce heat shock protein synthesis and therefore rescue neural cells from cytotoxicity associated with amyloid, we have synthesized a group of pyrrolyl- and indolylazines that cause the accumulation of heat shock proteins, using a novel method of photocatalysis that is employed in green chemistry. The selected compounds were tested in a cell model of Alzheimer's disease and demonstrated a pronounced neuroprotective effect. These substances increased the survival of neurons, blocked the activation of β-galactosidase, and prevented apoptosis in neurons cultured in the presence of β-amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina A Utepova
- Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia; Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620108, Russia
| | - Maria A Trestsova
- Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia; Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620108, Russia
| | - Alexander S Anisimov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Valery N Charushin
- Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia; Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620108, Russia
| | - Oleg N Chupakhin
- Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia; Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620108, Russia
| | - Boris A Margulis
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Irina V Guzhova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Vladimir F Lazarev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
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Cristofani R, Piccolella M, Crippa V, Tedesco B, Montagnani Marelli M, Poletti A, Moretti RM. The Role of HSPB8, a Component of the Chaperone-Assisted Selective Autophagy Machinery, in Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:335. [PMID: 33562660 PMCID: PMC7915307 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to cancer-induced stress is one of the major aspects regulating cancer development and progression. The Heat Shock Protein B8 (HSPB8) is a small chaperone involved in chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA). CASA promotes the selective degradation of proteins to counteract cell stress such as tumor-induced stress. HSPB8 is also involved in (i) the cell division machinery regulating chromosome segregation and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and (ii) inflammation regulating dendritic cell maturation and cytokine production. HSPB8 expression and role are tumor-specific, showing a dual and opposite role. Interestingly, HSPB8 may be involved in the acquisition of chemoresistance to drugs. Despite the fact the mechanisms of HSPB8-mediated CASA activation in tumors need further studies, HSPB8 could represent an important factor in cancer induction and progression and it may be a potential target for anticancer treatment in specific types of cancer. In this review, we will discuss the molecular mechanism underlying HSPB8 roles in normal and cancer conditions. The basic mechanisms involved in anti- and pro-tumoral activities of HSPB8 are deeply discussed together with the pathways that modulate HSPB8 expression, in order to outline molecules with a beneficial effect for cancer cell growth, migration, and death.
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Xie Y, Chen L, Xu Z, Li C, Ni Y, Hou M, Chen L, Chang H, Yang Y, Wang H, He R, Chen R, Qian L, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Li N, Zhu Y, Ji M, Liu Y. Predictive Modeling of MAFLD Based on Hsp90α and the Therapeutic Application of Teprenone in a Diet-Induced Mouse Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:743202. [PMID: 34659125 PMCID: PMC8515197 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.743202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The heat shock protein (Hsp) 90α is induced by stress and regulates inflammation through multiple pathways. Elevated serum Hsp90α had been found in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA, also called teprenone) is a terpenoid derivative. It was reported to induce Hsp and alleviate insulin resistance. We aimed to evaluate the Hsp90α as a biomarker in predicting metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and define the therapeutic effects of geranylgeranylacetone for the disease. METHODS A clinical study was conducted to analyze the elements associated with Hsp90α, and a predictive model of MAFLD was developed based on Hsp90α. The histopathological correlation between Hsp90α and MAFLD was investigated through a diet-induced mouse model. Furthermore, GGA was applied to the mouse model. RESULTS Serum Hsp90α was increased in patients with MAFLD. A positive linear relationship was found between age, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), MAFLD, and serum Hsp90α. Meanwhile, a negative linear relationship with body mass index (BMI) was found. A model using Hsp90α, BMI, HbA1c, and ALT was established for predicting MAFLD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was 0.94 (95% CI 0.909-0.971, p = 0.000). The sensitivity was 84.1%, and the specificity was 93.1%. In vitro experiments, GGA induced Hsp90α in steatosis cells. In the mice model, Hsp90α decreased in the GGA treatment group. Hepatic steatosis, inflammation, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance were improved in the GGA-treated group. Serum Hsp90α was positively correlated with steatohepatitis activity according to hepatic histopathology. CONCLUSIONS Serum Hsp90α was elevated in MAFLD, and a positive correlation between serum Hsp90α and the grade of activity of steatohepatitis was observed. The model using BMI, HbA1c, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) had a good value to predict MAFLD. The findings also revealed the effectiveness of GGA in the treatment of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangyue Ni
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Hou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiquan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongbo He
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rourou Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjun Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Minjun Ji, ; Yu Liu,
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Minjun Ji, ; Yu Liu,
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