Sevoflurane Affects Memory Through Impairing Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor Signaling

A novel approach to type 3 diabetes mechanism: The interplay between noncoding RNAs and insulin signaling pathway in Alzheimer's disease

Today, growing evidence indicates that patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indeed, AD as one of the main causes of dementia in people aged more than 65 years can be aggravated by insulin resistance (IR) and other metabolic risk factors related to T2D which are also linked to the function of the brain. Remarkably, a new term called "type 3 diabetes" has been suggested for those people who are diagnosed with AD while also showing the symptoms of IR and T2D. In this regard, the role of genetic and epigenetic changes associated with AD has been confirmed by many studies. On the other hand, it should be noted that the insulin signaling pathway is highly regulated by various mechanisms, including epigenetic factors. Among these, the role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs has been comprehensively studied with respect to the pathology of AD and the most well-known underlying mechanisms. Nevertheless, the number of studies exploring the association between ncRNAs and the downstream targets of the insulin signaling pathway in the development of AD has notably increased in recent years. With this in view, the present study aimed to review the interplay between different ncRNAs and the insulin signaling pathway targets in the pathogenesis of AD to find a new approach in the field of combining biomarkers or therapeutic targets for this disease.

Up-regulated microRNA-132 reduces the cognition-damaging effect of sevoflurane on Alzheimer's disease rats by inhibiting FOXA1

OBJECTIVE

Some studies have implied the damaging effect of sevoflurane (sevo) on cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This research was conducted to explore the effect of microRNA (miR)-132/forkhead-box A1 (FOXA1) axis on cognitive ability of sevo-treated AD rats.

METHODS

The condensed-matter Aβ_1-40-induced AD rats were injected with miR-132- or FOXA1-related plasmids, followed by inhalation with 3% sevo. Then, the cognitive functions of AD rats were assessed. miR-132 and FOXA1 levels in hippocampal tissues of AD rats, and their interaction were identified.

RESULTS

miR-132 expression was reduced and FOXA1 mRNA and protein levels were elevated in AD rats. miR-132 targeted FOXA1. Sevo treatment impaired cognitive function in AD rats. Elevated miR-132 or inhibited FOXA1 attenuated sevo-mediated injury in AD rats. Overexpressed FOXA1 rescued the effect of elevated miR-132 in AD rats with sevo treatment.

CONCLUSION

Up-regulated miR-132 reduces the cognition-damaging effect of sevo on AD rats by inhibiting FOXA1.

Sevoflurane inhibits the migration, invasion and induces apoptosis by regulating the expression of WNT1 via miR-637 in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy. Sevoflurane has been reported to involve in the progression in several cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of sevoflurane in CRC progression remains unclear. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot was used to detect the expression of miR-637 and WNT1. Cell migration, invasion and apoptosis were detected by transwell assay, flow cytometry or western blot, respectively. The interaction between WNT1 and miR-637 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay and pull-down assay. We found sevoflurane could inhibit cell migration and invasion but induced apoptosis in CRC. Besides, the miR-637 level was decreased in CRC tissues and cells but could be rescued by sevoflurane. MiR-637 overexpression enhanced the anticancer functions of sevoflurane in CRC cells, while miR-637 inhibition showed opposite effects. WNT1 was confirmed to be a target of miR-637 and was inhibited by sevoflurane or miR-637. Importantly, knockdown of WNT1 reversed the carcinogenic effects mediated by miR-637 inhibitor in CRC cells treated with sevoflurane. Collectively, sevoflurane inhibited cell migration, invasion and induced apoptosis by regulating the miR-637/WNT1 axis in colorectal cancer, indicating a novel insight into the effective clinical implication for the anesthetic in CRC treatment.