Bispecific Tau Antibodies with Additional Binding to C1q or Alpha-Synuclein

Bispecific antibodies revolutionizing breast cancer treatment: a comprehensive overview

Breast cancer (BCa) is known as a complex and prevalent disease requiring the development of novel anticancer therapeutic approaches. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have emerged as a favorable strategy for BCa treatment due to their unique ability to target two different antigens simultaneously. By targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) on cancer cells, engaging immune effector cells, or blocking critical signaling pathways, BsAbs offer enhanced tumor specificity and immune system involvement, improving anti-cancer activity. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of BsAbs in BCa. For example, BsAbs targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) have shown the ability to redirect immune cells to HER2-positive BCa cells, resulting in effective tumor cell killing. Moreover, targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway by BsAbs has demonstrated promising outcomes in overcoming immunosuppression and enhancing immune-mediated tumor clearance. Combining BsAbs with existing therapeutic approaches, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapies, or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has also revealed synergistic effects in preclinical models and early clinical trials, emphasizing the usefulness and potential of BsAbs in BCa treatment. This review summarizes the latest evidence about BsAbs in treating BCa and the challenges and opportunities of their use in BCa.

Complement system changes in blood in Parkinson's disease and progressive Supranuclear Palsy/Corticobasal Syndrome

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is diagnosed clinically, and early PD is often challenging to differentiate from atypical parkinsonian disorders such as the Four-repeat (4R-) Tauopathies Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome. Diagnostic biomarkers are needed, and proteomic studies have suggested that the plasma complement system is altered in PD, but validation studies are lacking. In this study, plasma from 148 individuals (PD, 4R-Tauopathies, and healthy controls (HC)) were used to quantify 12 complement proteins with immunoassays, and CH50 classical pathway complement activity was quantified in sera from further 78 individuals (PD and HC). Complement factors C1q and C3 in plasma were lower in individuals with 4R-Tauopathies (ANOVA, p = 0.0041, p = 0.0057 respectively) compared to both PD and HC. None of the complement proteins were altered between PD and HC, however a few proteins correlated with clinical parameters within the PD group. Notably, levels of C3 correlated with non-motor symptoms in female patients. Classical pathway complement activity was not altered in PD serum, but did correlate with mental fatigue. In conclusion, individuals with 4R-Tauopathies showed lower plasma C1q and C3 compared PD and HC. Neither complement levels nor CH50 activity were significantly altered in PD versus HC but may associate with PD symptom severity.