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Kalyvas AC, Dimitriou M, Ioannidis P, Grigoriadis N, Afrantou T. Alzheimer's Disease and Epilepsy: Exploring Shared Pathways and Promising Biomarkers for Future Treatments. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3879. [PMID: 38999445 PMCID: PMC11242231 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and epilepsy represent two complex neurological disorders with distinct clinical manifestations, yet recent research has highlighted their intricate interplay. This review examines the association between AD and epilepsy, with particular emphasis on late-onset epilepsy of unknown etiology, increasingly acknowledged as a prodrome of AD. It delves into epidemiology, pathogenic mechanisms, clinical features, diagnostic characteristics, treatment strategies, and emerging biomarkers to provide a comprehensive understanding of this relationship. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted, identifying 128 relevant articles published between 2018 and 2024. Results: Findings underscore a bidirectional relationship between AD and epilepsy, indicating shared pathogenic pathways that extend beyond traditional amyloid-beta and Tau protein pathology. These pathways encompass neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, structural and network alterations, as well as molecular mechanisms. Notably, epileptic activity in AD patients may exacerbate cognitive decline, necessitating prompt detection and treatment. Novel biomarkers, such as subclinical epileptiform activity detected via advanced electroencephalographic techniques, offer promise for early diagnosis and targeted interventions. Furthermore, emerging therapeutic approaches targeting shared pathogenic mechanisms hold potential for disease modification in both AD and epilepsy. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between AD and epilepsy, providing insights into future research directions. Clinical data and diagnostic methods are also reviewed, enabling clinicians to implement more effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios-Christos Kalyvas
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Dimitriou
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Afrantou
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Chen L, Yang W, Yang F, Yu Y, Xu T, Wang D, Zhao Q, Wu Q, Han Y. The crosstalk between epilepsy and dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 152:109640. [PMID: 38301455 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy and dementia are bidirectional. The purpose of this review was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of and to identify the risk factors for epilepsy in patients with dementia and dementia in patients with epilepsy. METHODS We retrieved the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science databases through January 2023. Two individuals screened the articles, extracted the data, and used a random effects model to pool the estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS From 3475 citations, 25 articles were included. The prevalence of seizures/epilepsy was 4% among dementia patients and 3% among Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. For vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia, the pooled period prevalence of seizures/epilepsy was 6%, 3%, and 2%, respectively. Baseline early-onset AD was associated with the highest risk of 5-year epilepsy (pooled hazard ratios: 4.06; 95% CI: 3.25-5.08). Dementia patients had a 2.29-fold greater risk of seizures/epilepsy than non-dementia patients (95% CI: 1.37-3.83). Moreover, for baseline epilepsy, the pooled prevalence of dementia was 17% (95% CI: 10-25%), and that of AD was 15% (95% CI: 9-21%). The pooled results suggested that epilepsy is associated with a greater risk of dementia (risk ratio: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.64-4.88). CONCLUSIONS There are still gaps in epidemiology regarding the correlation between dementia types and epilepsy, vascular risk factors, and the impact of antiseizure medication or cognitive improvement drugs on epilepsy and AD comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Wenqian Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Yanying Yu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Tingwan Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Yanbing Han
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China.
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Nous A, Seynaeve L, Feys O, Wens V, De Tiège X, Van Mierlo P, Baroumand AG, Nieboer K, Allemeersch GJ, Mangelschots S, Michiels V, van der Zee J, Van Broeckhoven C, Ribbens A, Houbrechts R, De Witte S, Wittens MMJ, Bjerke M, Vanlersberghe C, Ceyssens S, Nagels G, Smolders I, Engelborghs S. Subclinical epileptiform activity in the Alzheimer continuum: association with disease, cognition and detection method. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:19. [PMID: 38263073 PMCID: PMC10804650 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epileptic seizures are an established comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Subclinical epileptiform activity (SEA) as detected by 24-h electroencephalography (EEG) or magneto-encephalography (MEG) has been reported in temporal regions of clinically diagnosed AD patients. Although epileptic activity in AD probably arises in the mesial temporal lobe, electrical activity within this region might not propagate to EEG scalp electrodes and could remain undetected by standard EEG. However, SEA might lead to faster cognitive decline in AD. AIMS 1. To estimate the prevalence of SEA and interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) in a well-defined cohort of participants belonging to the AD continuum, including preclinical AD subjects, as compared with cognitively healthy controls. 2. To evaluate whether long-term-EEG (LTM-EEG), high-density-EEG (hd-EEG) or MEG is superior to detect SEA in AD. 3. To characterise AD patients with SEA based on clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging parameters. METHODS Subjects (n = 49) belonging to the AD continuum were diagnosed according to the 2011 NIA-AA research criteria, with a high likelihood of underlying AD pathophysiology. Healthy volunteers (n = 24) scored normal on neuropsychological testing and were amyloid negative. None of the participants experienced a seizure before. Subjects underwent LTM-EEG and/or 50-min MEG and/or 50-min hd-EEG to detect IEDs. RESULTS We found an increased prevalence of SEA in AD subjects (31%) as compared to controls (8%) (p = 0.041; Fisher's exact test), with increasing prevalence over the disease course (50% in dementia, 27% in MCI and 25% in preclinical AD). Although MEG (25%) did not withhold a higher prevalence of SEA in AD as compared to LTM-EEG (19%) and hd-EEG (19%), MEG was significantly superior to detect spikes per 50 min (p = 0.002; Kruskall-Wallis test). AD patients with SEA scored worse on the RBANS visuospatial and attention subset (p = 0.009 and p = 0.05, respectively; Mann-Whitney U test) and had higher left frontal, (left) temporal and (left and right) entorhinal cortex volumes than those without. CONCLUSION We confirmed that SEA is increased in the AD continuum as compared to controls, with increasing prevalence with AD disease stage. In AD patients, SEA is associated with more severe visuospatial and attention deficits and with increased left frontal, (left) temporal and entorhinal cortex volumes. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04131491. 12/02/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Nous
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information (FASC), Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Seynaeve
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Odile Feys
- Department of Neurology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Et Neuroanatomie Translationnelles (LN2T), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Wens
- Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Et Neuroanatomie Translationnelles (LN2T), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neuroimaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Tiège
- Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Et Neuroanatomie Translationnelles (LN2T), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neuroimaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Koenraad Nieboer
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gert-Jan Allemeersch
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shana Mangelschots
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veronique Michiels
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sara De Witte
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mandy Melissa Jane Wittens
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Biology, Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Vanlersberghe
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Ceyssens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Guy Nagels
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Artificial Intelligence Supported Modelling in Clinical Sciences (AIMS) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information (FASC), Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium.
- Neuroprotection and Neuromodulation (NEUR) Research Group, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Lu O, Kouser T, Skylar-Scott IA. Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy: shared neuropathology guides current and future treatment strategies. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1241339. [PMID: 37936917 PMCID: PMC10626492 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1241339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a cause of profound disability in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The risk of being diagnosed with AD increases the risk for epilepsy, and in parallel, a history of epilepsy increases the likelihood of the development of AD. This bi-directional relationship may be due to underlying shared pathophysiologic hallmarks, including decreased cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42), increased hyperphosphorylated tau protein, and hippocampal hyperexcitability. Additionally, there are practical treatment considerations in patients with co-morbid AD and epilepsy-namely, there is a higher risk of seizures associated with medications commonly prescribed for Alzheimer's disease patients, including antidepressants and antipsychotics such as trazodone, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and first-generation neuroleptics. Anti-amyloid antibodies like aducanumab and lecanemab present new and unique considerations in patients with co-morbid AD and epilepsy given the risk of seizures associated with amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) seen with this drug class. Finally, we identify and detail five active studies, including two clinical trials of levetiracetam in the respective treatment of cognition and neuropsychiatric features of AD, a study characterizing the prevalence of epilepsy in AD via prolonged EEG monitoring, a study characterizing AD biomarkers in late-onset epilepsy, and a study evaluating hyperexcitability in AD. These ongoing trials may guide future clinical decision-making and the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Lu
- Stanford Neuroscience Clinical Research Group, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Taimur Kouser
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Irina A. Skylar-Scott
- Memory Disorders Division, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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Xu X, Sun B, Zhao C. Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase 1 and parthanatos in neurological diseases: From pathogenesis to therapeutic opportunities. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 187:106314. [PMID: 37783233 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is the most extensively studied member of the PARP superfamily, with its primary function being the facilitation of DNA damage repair processes. Parthanatos is a type of regulated cell death cascade initiated by PARP-1 hyperactivation, which involves multiple subroutines, including the accumulation of ADP-ribose polymers (PAR), binding of PAR and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), release of AIF from the mitochondria, the translocation of the AIF/macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) complex, and massive MIF-mediated DNA fragmentation. Over the past few decades, the role of PARP-1 in central nervous system health and disease has received increasing attention. In this review, we discuss the biological functions of PARP-1 in neural cell proliferation and differentiation, memory formation, brain ageing, and epigenetic regulation. We then elaborate on the involvement of PARP-1 and PARP-1-dependant parthanatos in various neuropathological processes, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, autophagy damage, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Additional highlight contains PARP-1's implications in the initiation, progression, and therapeutic opportunities for different neurological illnesses, including neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), multiple sclerosis (MS), epilepsy, and neuropathic pain (NP). Finally, emerging insights into the repurposing of PARP inhibitors for the management of neurological diseases are provided. This review aims to summarize the exciting advancements in the critical role of PARP-1 in neurological disorders, which may open new avenues for therapeutic options targeting PARP-1 or parthanatos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease Big Data of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.
| | - Bowen Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease Big Data of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuansheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease Big Data of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.
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B Szabo A, Cattaud V, Bezzina C, Dard RF, Sayegh F, Gauzin S, Lejards C, Valton L, Rampon C, Verret L, Dahan L. Neuronal hyperexcitability in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease - the influence of sleep and noradrenergic transmission. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 123:35-48. [PMID: 36634385 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The link between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and network hypersynchrony - manifesting as epileptic activities - received considerable attention in the past decade. However, several questions remain unanswered as to its mechanistic underpinnings. Therefore, our objectives were (1) to better characterise epileptic events in the Tg2576 mouse model throughout the sleep-wake cycle and disease progression via electrophysiological recordings and (2) to explore the involvement of noradrenergic transmission in this pathological hypersynchrony. Over and above confirming the previously described early presence and predominance of epileptic events during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, we also show that these events do not worsen with age and are highly phase-locked to the section of the theta cycle during REM sleep where hippocampal pyramidal cells reach their highest firing probability. Finally, we reveal an antiepileptic mechanism of noradrenergic transmission via α1-adrenoreceptors that could explain the intriguing distribution of epileptic events over the sleep-wake cycle in this model, with potential therapeutic implications in the treatment of the epileptic events occurring in many AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Szabo
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; Centre de recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), CNRS, UMR 5549, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute (TMBI), University of Toulouse, University Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
| | - Vanessa Cattaud
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte Bezzina
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Robin F Dard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Fares Sayegh
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sebastien Gauzin
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Lejards
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Valton
- Centre de recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CerCo), CNRS, UMR 5549, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute (TMBI), University of Toulouse, University Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pierre Paul Riquet - Purpan, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Rampon
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Verret
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Dahan
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Zhang D, Chen S, Xu S, Wu J, Zhuang Y, Cao W, Chen X, Li X. The clinical correlation between Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:922535. [PMID: 35937069 PMCID: PMC9352925 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.922535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy are common nervous system diseases in older adults, and their incidence rates tend to increase with age. Patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease are more prone to have seizures. In patients older than 65 years, neurodegenerative conditions accounted for ~10% of all late-onset epilepsy cases, most of which are Alzheimer's disease. Epilepsy and seizure can occur in the early and late stages of Alzheimer's disease, leading to functional deterioration and behavioral alterations. Seizures promote amyloid-β and tau deposits, leading to neurodegenerative processes. Thus, there is a bi-directional association between Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. Epilepsy is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and, in turn, Alzheimer's disease is an independent risk factor for developing epilepsy in old age. Many studies have evaluated the shared pathogenesis and clinical relevance of Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. In this review, we discuss the clinical associations between Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy, including their incidence, clinical features, and electroencephalogram abnormalities. Clinical studies of the two disorders in recent years are summarized, and new antiepileptic drugs used for treating Alzheimer's disease are reviewed.
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Phenylalanine-Based AMPA Receptor Antagonist as the Anticonvulsant Agent with Neuroprotective Activity-In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030875. [PMID: 35164136 PMCID: PMC8840081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trying to meet the multitarget-directed ligands strategy, a series of previously described aryl-substituted phenylalanine derivatives, reported as competitive antagonists of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, were screened in vitro for their free-radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity in two different assays: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity fluorescent (ORAC-FL) assays. The most active antioxidants 1 and 8 were further examined to evaluate their neuroprotective properties in vitro. In this study, compound 1 showed a significant neuroprotective effect against the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cell lines. Both compounds also showed prevention from high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, the desired monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibition effect (IC50 = 278 ± 29 nM) for 1 was determined. No toxic effects up to 100 µM of 1 and 8 against neuroblastoma cells were observed. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that compound 1 demonstrated significant anticonvulsant potential in 6-Hz test, but in neuropathic pain models its antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic properties were not observed. Concluding, the compound 1 seems to be of higher importance as a new phenylalanine-based lead candidate due to its confirmed promise in in vitro and in vivo anticonvulsant activity.
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