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Jacquier EF, Kassis A, Marcu D, Contractor N, Hong J, Hu C, Kuehn M, Lenderink C, Rajgopal A. Phytonutrients in the promotion of healthspan: a new perspective. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1409339. [PMID: 39070259 PMCID: PMC11272662 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1409339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering a growing, aging population, the need for interventions to improve the healthspan in aging are tantamount. Diet and nutrition are important determinants of the aging trajectory. Plant-based diets that provide bioactive phytonutrients may contribute to offsetting hallmarks of aging and reducing the risk of chronic disease. Researchers now advocate moving toward a positive model of aging which focuses on the preservation of functional abilities, rather than an emphasis on the absence of disease. This narrative review discusses the modulatory effect of nutrition on aging, with an emphasis on promising phytonutrients, and their potential to influence cellular, organ and functional parameters in aging. The literature is discussed against the backdrop of a recent conceptual framework which describes vitality, intrinsic capacity and expressed capacities in aging. This aims to better elucidate the role of phytonutrients on vitality and intrinsic capacity in aging adults. Such a review contributes to this new scientific perspective-namely-how nutrition might help to preserve functional abilities in aging, rather than purely offsetting the risk of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana Marcu
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jina Hong
- Amway Innovation and Science, Ada, MI, United States
| | - Chun Hu
- Amway Innovation and Science, Ada, MI, United States
| | - Marissa Kuehn
- Amway Innovation and Science, Ada, MI, United States
| | | | - Arun Rajgopal
- Amway Innovation and Science, Ada, MI, United States
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Kobayashi H, Hirao Y, Kawanishi S, Kato S, Mori Y, Murata M, Oikawa S. Rosmarinic acid, a natural polyphenol, has a potential pro-oxidant risk via NADH-mediated oxidative DNA damage. Genes Environ 2024; 46:13. [PMID: 38831385 PMCID: PMC11149181 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-024-00307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosmarinic acid (RA) has a wide range of beneficial effects on human health. On the other hand, RA has been reported to induce metal-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and DNA damage. However, its mechanism remains unknown. In this study, to clarify the underlying mechanism, we analyzed metal-mediated DNA damage in isolated DNA treated with RA and its analog isorinic acid. RESULTS RA plus Cu(II), but not Fe(III), significantly increased 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) formation, an indicator of oxidative DNA damage, in calf thymus DNA. Furthermore, a comparison of the 8-oxodG formation induced by RA and its analog isorinic acid suggested that the catechol groups in RA could be associated with their abilities to form 8-oxodG. Interestingly, the 8-oxodG formation induced by RA and isorinic acid plus Cu(II) was markedly enhanced by the addition of NADH, an endogenous reductant. To elucidate the mechanism of RA plus Cu(II)-induced oxidative DNA damage, we examined DNA damage in 32P-labeled DNA treated with RA in the presence of Cu(II). RA plus Cu(II) caused DNA cleavage, which was enhanced by piperidine treatment, suggesting that RA causes not only DNA strand breakage but also base modification. RA plus Cu(II)-induced DNA damage was inhibited by catalase (H2O2 scavenger), bathocuproine (Cu(I) chelator), and methional (scavenger of a variety of ROS other than •OH) but not by typical •OH scavengers and SOD, indicating the involvement of H2O2, Cu(I), and ROS other than •OH. DNA cleavage site analysis showing RA-induced site-specific DNA damage (frequently at thymine and some cytosine residues) supports the involvement of ROS other than •OH, because •OH causes DNA cleavage without site specificity. Based on these results, Cu(I) and H2O2 generation with concomitant RA autoxidation could lead to the production of Cu(I)-hydroperoxide, which induces oxidative DNA damage. o-Quinone and o-semiquinone radicals are likely to be again reduced to RA by NADH, which dramatically increases oxidative DNA damage, particularly at low concentrations of RA. CONCLUSIONS In this study, physiologically relevant concentrations of RA effectively induced oxidative DNA damage in isolated DNA through redox cycle reactions with copper and NADH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatasu Kobayashi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hirao
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, 514-8507, Mie, Japan
- Mie Prefectural College of Nursing, Yumegaoka 1-1-1, Tsu, 514-0116, Mie, Japan
| | - Shosuke Kawanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Minamitamagaki, Suzuka, 3500-3, 513-8670, Mie, Japan
| | - Shinya Kato
- Radioisotope Experimental Facility, Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Mie University, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Yurie Mori
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Shinji Oikawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi 2-174, Tsu, 514-8507, Mie, Japan.
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Hitl M, Pavlović N, Brkić S, Dragović G, Srđenović-Čonić B, Kladar N. Plasma Concentrations of Rosmarinic Acid in Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy: In Silico Exploration Based on Clinical Data. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2230. [PMID: 38396908 PMCID: PMC10888967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic compound with antiviral properties, often encountered in dietary supplements and herbal drugs. Data on the pharmacokinetics of RA are lacking in cases of the chronic use of supplements containing this compound, and only limited data on the metabolism and distribution of RA are available. The aim of the study was to investigate the plasma levels of RA after 12 weeks of use and determine potential interactions of RA and selected antiretroviral drugs. Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus took a supplement containing RA for 12 weeks, after which the RA concentrations in the plasma samples were analyzed. A detailed in silico analysis was conducted in order to elucidate the potential interactions between RA and the drugs efavirenz, darunavir and raltegravir. It was found that RA can be detected in patients' plasma samples, mainly in the form of sulphoglucuronide. The potential interactions are suggested on the level of liver metabolizing enzymes and efflux P-glycoprotein, with RA competing with antiretroviral drugs as a substrate in metabolism and distribution systems. The present study suggests that the simultaneous use of RA and antiretroviral therapy (containing efavirenz, darunavir or raltegravir) may affect the plasma levels of RA after prolonged supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Hitl
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.P.); (B.S.-Č.); (N.K.)
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Investigations and Quality Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Pavlović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.P.); (B.S.-Č.); (N.K.)
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Investigations and Quality Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Snežana Brkić
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Gordana Dragović
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Branislava Srđenović-Čonić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.P.); (B.S.-Č.); (N.K.)
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Investigations and Quality Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Kladar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.P.); (B.S.-Č.); (N.K.)
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Investigations and Quality Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Noguchi-Shinohara M, Ono K. The Mechanisms of the Roles of α-Synuclein, Amyloid-β, and Tau Protein in the Lewy Body Diseases: Pathogenesis, Early Detection, and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10215. [PMID: 37373401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lewy body diseases (LBD) are pathologically defined as the accumulation of Lewy bodies composed of an aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn). In LBD, not only the sole aggregation of αSyn but also the co-aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins, such as amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, has been reported. In this review, the pathophysiology of co-aggregation of αSyn, Aβ, and tau protein and the advancement in imaging and fluid biomarkers that can detect αSyn and co-occurring Aβ and/or tau pathologies are discussed. Additionally, the αSyn-targeted disease-modifying therapies in clinical trials are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara
- Department of Neurology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
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Xu Lou I, Chen J, Ali K, Shaikh AL, Chen Q. Mapping new pharmacological interventions for cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1190604. [PMID: 37332343 PMCID: PMC10270324 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1190604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, that is, characterized by cognitive decline. To date, there are no effective treatments for AD. Therefore, the objective of this study was to map new perspectives on the effects of pharmacological treatment on cognitive function and the overall psychological state in patients with AD. Methods: Two independent researchers searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) exploring new pharmacological approaches related to cognition in Alzheimer's disease in adults from 2018 to 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. A total of 17 RCTs were included in this review. Results: The results show that in recent years, new drugs have been tested in patients with Alzheimer's disease, including masitinib, methylphenidate, levetiracetam, Jiannao Yizhi, and Huannao Yicong formulas. Most studies have been conducted in populations with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion: Although some of the drugs found suggested improvement in cognitive function, the scarcity of available studies highlights the need for further research in this area. Systematic review registration: [www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42023409986].
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Xu Lou
- International Education College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayue Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Clinical Medical College Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kamran Ali
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Abdul Lateef Shaikh
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qilan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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