Intelligent system for leaf disease detection using capsule networks for horticulture

Dilated convolution capsule network for apple leaf disease identification

Accurate and rapid identification of apple leaf diseases is the basis for preventing and treating apple diseases. However, it is challenging to identify apple leaf diseases due to their various symptoms, different colors, irregular shapes, uneven sizes, and complex backgrounds. To reduce computational cost and improve training results, a dilated convolution capsule network (DCCapsNet) is constructed for apple leaf disease identification based on a capsule network (CapsNet) and two dilated Inception modules with different dilation rates. The network can obtain multi-scale deep-level features to improve the classification capability of the model. The dynamic routing algorithm is used between the front and back layers of CapsNet to make the model converge quickly. In DCCapsNet, dilated Inception instead of traditional convolution is used to increase the convolution receptive fields and extract multi-scale features from disease leaf images, and CapsNet is used to capture the classification features of changeable disease leaves and overcome the overfitting problem in the training network. Extensive experiment results on the apple disease leaf image dataset demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively identify apple diseases. The method can realize the rapid and accurate identification of apple leaf disease.

A hybrid cost-sensitive machine learning approach for the classification of intelligent disease diagnosis

Automatic risk classification of diseases is one of the most significant health problems in medical and healthcare domain. However, the related studies are relative scarce. In this paper, we design an intelligent diagnosis model based on optimal machine learning algorithms with rich clinical data. First, the disease risk classification problem based on machine learning is defined. Then, the K-means clustering algorithm is used to validate the class label of given data, thereby removing misclassified instances from the original dataset. Furthermore, naive Bayesian algorithm is applied to build the final classifier by using 10-fold cross-validation method. In addition, a novel class-specific attribute weighted approach is adopted to alleviate the conditional independence assumption of naive Bayes, which means we assign each disease attribute a specific weight for each class. Last but not least, a hybrid cost-sensitive disease risk classification model is formulated, and a practical example from the University of California Irvine (UCI) machine learning database is used to illustrate the potential of the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate that the approach is competitive with the state-of-the-art classifiers.