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El Haj M, Lenoble Q, Moustafa AA. The pupil and myself: pupil dilation during retrieval of self-defining memories. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:5259-5265. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Bekendam MT, Mommersteeg PMC, Kop WJ, Widdershoven JW, Vermeltfoort IAC. Anxiety and hemodynamic reactivity during cardiac stress testing: The role of gender and age in myocardial ischemia. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:2581-2592. [PMID: 32112295 PMCID: PMC8709819 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of myocardial ischemia is associated with anxiety. State and trait anxiety are more common in younger women compared to men, and high anxiety levels could affect hemodynamic reactivity during cardiac stress testing. The aim is to examine whether anxiety plays a role in gender differences in patients ≤ 65 and > 65 years in hemodynamic reactivity and ischemia during cardiac stress testing. METHODS AND RESULTS Included were 291 patients (66.8 ± 8.7 years, 45% women) with suspect ischemia undergoing myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (MPI-SPECT). Primary outcomes were semi-quantitative summed difference score (SDS) and summed stress score (SSS), as continuous indicators of myocardial ischemia. Analyses were stratified by age. Trait anxiety was measured using a validated questionnaire (GAD-7) and state anxiety using facial expression analyses software. Overall, trait and state anxiety were not associated with the prevalence of ischemia (N = 107, 36%). A significant interaction was found between gender and trait anxiety in women ≤ 65 years for SDS (F(1,4) = 5.73, P = .019) and SSS (F(1,10) = 6.50, P = .012). This was not found for state anxiety. CONCLUSION SDS and SSS were significantly higher in women younger than 65 years with high trait anxiety. This interaction was not found in men and women over 65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Bekendam
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, P.O. Box 90153, 5037 AB, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Paula M C Mommersteeg
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, P.O. Box 90153, 5037 AB, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Willem J Kop
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, P.O. Box 90153, 5037 AB, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Jos W Widdershoven
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, P.O. Box 90153, 5037 AB, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Elizabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Lenoble Q, El Haj M. “Look at Me” – Eye Movements During Autobiographical Retrieval in Face-to-Face Interactions. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. There has been a surge in social cognition and social neurosciences research comparing laboratory and real eye movements. Eye movements during the retrieval of autobiographical memories (i.e., personal memories) in laboratory situations are also receiving more attention. We compared eye movements during the retrieval of autobiographical memories using a strict laboratory design versus a design mimicking social interactions. In the first design, eye movements were recorded during autobiographical memory retrieval while participants were looking at a blank screen; in the second design, participants wore eye-tracking glasses and communicated autobiographical memories to the experimenter. Compared with the “screen” design, the “glasses” design yielded more fixations ( p < .05), shorter duration of fixations ( p < .001), more saccades ( p < .01), and longer duration of saccades ( p < .001). These findings demonstrate how eye movements during autobiographical memory retrieval differ between strict laboratory design and face-to-face interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Lenoble
- UMR 9193 – SCALab – Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, CNRS, CHU Lille, University of Lille, France
- U1172 – LilNCog – Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, CHU Lille, University of Lille, France
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL – EA 4638), University of Angers, Nantes University, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA, Roche J, Pasquier F, Kapogiannis D, Gallouj K, Antoine P. The "authentic subjective experience" of memory in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:201-207. [PMID: 33335759 PMCID: PMC7712381 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research has mainly focused on the decline of the subjective experience in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, few attempts have been made to evaluate whether subjective experience may be maintained in AD. In this narrative review, we attempt to provide a positive view, according to which patients with AD can enjoy, to some extent, subjective experience during memory retrieval. Memory and expression difficulties (e.g., aphasia) limit the ability of patients with AD to describe their memories, resulting in a little specificity of reported memories. However, according to the “authentic subjective experience” view, we propose in this study that the ability to mentally relive these memories could be preserved in the patients. By proposing the authentic subjective experience view, we attempt to provide an alternative view to the general consideration that the patients suffer a diminished subjective experience. This view can contribute to a larger clinical framework that gives a positive meaning to the subjective experience of patients with AD. Furthermore, several clinical and empirical implications can be drawn from the authentic subjective experience view, including the possibility to evaluate behavioral correlates of the subjective experience in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Univ Nantes, Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, EA 4638, F-44000 Nantes, France.,Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jean Roche
- CHU de Lille, Unité de Psychogériatrie, Pôle de gérontologie, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Florence Pasquier
- University Lille Nord de France UDSL and Memory Clinic, CHU, Lille, France
| | | | - Karim Gallouj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Pascal Antoine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France
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El Haj M, M. J. Janssen S, Gallouj K, Lenoble Q. Autobiographical Memory Increases Pupil Dilation. Transl Neurosci 2019; 10:280-287. [PMID: 31915538 PMCID: PMC6943370 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2019-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pupil activity has been widely considered as a "summed index" of physiological activities during cognitive processing. METHODOLOGY We investigated pupil dilation during retrieval of autobiographical memory and compared pupil diameter with a control condition in which participants had to count aloud. We also measured pupil diameters retrieval of free (i.e., first memory that comes to mind), positive, and negative memories (memories associated, respectively, with the words "happy" and "sad"). RESULTS Analyses demonstrated larger pupil diameters during the free, positive, and negative autobiographical memory retrieval than during the control task. Analyses also demonstrated no significant differences in pupil diameters across the three autobiographical memory conditions. CONCLUSION These outcomes demonstrate that, compared with counting, autobiographical retrieval results in a larger pupil size. However, the emotional valence of memories yields non-significant effect on pupil diameters. Our findings demonstrate how autobiographical memory retrieval yields pupil dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL - EA 4638), F-44000Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Karim Gallouj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Quentin Lenoble
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000Lille, France
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Nandrino JL, Gandolphe MC, Saloppe X, Daoudi M, Moustafa AA, El Haj M. The face of memory: experiential avoidance and facial expressions during the retrieval of autobiographical memories. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2019.1637879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Louis Nandrino
- University of Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 – SCALab – Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Marie Charlotte Gandolphe
- University of Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 – SCALab – Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Saloppe
- University of Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 – SCALab – Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
- Research Center in Social Defense, Tournai, Belgium
- Psychiatric Hospital, Saint-Amand-les-Eaux, France
| | - Mohamed Daoudi
- IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9189 – CRIStAL – Centre de Recherche en Informatique Signal et Automatique de Lille, Villeneuve-d’Ascq, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Faculté de Psychologie, LPPL – Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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El Haj M, Daoudi M, Gallouj K, Moustafa AA, Nandrino JL. When your face describes your memories: facial expressions during retrieval of autobiographical memories. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:861-872. [PMID: 29750658 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Thanks to the current advances in the software analysis of facial expressions, there is a burgeoning interest in understanding emotional facial expressions observed during the retrieval of autobiographical memories. This review describes the research on facial expressions during autobiographical retrieval showing distinct emotional facial expressions according to the characteristics of retrieved memoires. More specifically, this research demonstrates that the retrieval of emotional memories can trigger corresponding emotional facial expressions (e.g. positive memories may trigger positive facial expressions). Also, this study demonstrates the variations of facial expressions according to specificity, self-relevance, or past versus future direction of memory construction. Besides linking research on facial expressions during autobiographical retrieval to cognitive and affective characteristics of autobiographical memory in general, this review positions this research within the broader context research on the physiologic characteristics of autobiographical retrieval. We also provide several perspectives for clinical studies to investigate facial expressions in populations with deficits in autobiographical memory (e.g. whether autobiographical overgenerality in neurologic and psychiatric populations may trigger few emotional facial expressions). In sum, this review paper demonstrates how the evaluation of facial expressions during autobiographical retrieval may help understand the functioning and dysfunctioning of autobiographical memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- University of Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France; Département de Psychologie, Domaine du Pont de Bois, B.P. 60149, F-59653 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, F-59000 Tourcoing, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Daoudi
- IMT Lille Douai, University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 9189 Centre de Recherche en Informatique Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Karim Gallouj
- Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, F-59000 Tourcoing, France
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology and Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2751, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jean-Louis Nandrino
- University of Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France
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