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Byun J, Kim Y, Seo J, Kim E, Kim K, Jo A, Lee W, Cho HW, Seo J, Park B. Phantom study of layered sensor module for photon-counting BMD detector. Phys Eng Sci Med 2023; 46:1553-1562. [PMID: 37639108 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-023-01319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we perform bone mineral density (BMD) calculation by designing a layered sensor module (LSM) that divides high- and low-energy spectra from a single shot of X-rays. Gamma-ray evaluation supports this mechanism; low-energy gamma rays are absorbed in the front detector, whereas high-energy gamma rays are absorbed in the rear detector. In this phantom study, LSM divides a single shot of X-ray into two spectra with different distributions of energy, thereby affording X-ray images with different properties, such as contrast and gray scale. The region of interest (ROI) is classified by the Prewitt operator to sort the pixels for BMD calculation or Rs value. The calculated final value is 1.2051 g/cm2 with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.3690 g/cm2, as obtained from our previous study. An improved SD results from the layered structure with two channels for signal processing, the introduction of Rs value, and the use of Prewitt filter to sort reliable data. Overall, this study displays the feasibility of LSM for BMD calculation with a small error, thereby enabling the diagnosis of osteoporosis with novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangwon Byun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghoon Kim
- Marine Radioactivity Monitoring Group, Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation, Busan, 48931, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of Health and Safety Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Kim
- Department of Health and Safety Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajin Jo
- Health Science Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonho Lee
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health System, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Cho
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Jichul Seo
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomjun Park
- Department of Health and Safety Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Advanced Crystal Material/Device Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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Butera S, Lioliou G, Krysa AB, Barnett AM. InGaP (GaInP) mesa p-i-n photodiodes for X-ray photon counting spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10206. [PMID: 28860511 PMCID: PMC5579232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, for the first time an InGaP (GaInP) photon counting X-ray photodiode has been developed and shown to be suitable for photon counting X-ray spectroscopy when coupled to a low-noise charge-sensitive preamplifier. The characterisation of two randomly selected 200 μm diameter and two randomly selected 400 μm diameter In0.5Ga0.5P p+-i-n+ mesa photodiodes is reported; the i-layer of the p+-i-n+ structure was 5 μm thick. At room temperature, and under illumination from an 55Fe radioisotope X-ray source, X-ray spectra were accumulated; the best spectrometer energy resolution (FWHM) achieved at 5.9 keV was 900 eV for the 200 μm In0.5Ga0.5P diameter devices at reverse biases above 5 V. System noise analysis was also carried out and the different noise contributions were computed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Butera
- Semiconductor Materials and Devices Laboratory, School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QT, UK.
| | - G Lioliou
- Semiconductor Materials and Devices Laboratory, School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QT, UK
| | - A B Krysa
- EPSRC National Centre for III-V Technologies, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - A M Barnett
- Semiconductor Materials and Devices Laboratory, School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QT, UK
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