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Öztekin M, Yılmaz B, Ağagündüz D, Capasso R. Overview of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Clinical Features, Treatment, and Nutritional Aspects. Diseases 2021; 9:66. [PMID: 34698140 PMCID: PMC8544542 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a 0.5-1 µm wide, 2-4 µm long, short helical, S-shaped Gram-negative microorganism. It is mostly found in the pyloric region of the stomach and causes chronic gastric infection. It is estimated that these bacteria infect more than half of the world's population. The mode of transmission and infection of H. pylori is still not known exactly, but the faecal-oral and oral-oral routes via water or food consumption are thought to be a very common cause. In the last three decades, research interest has increased regarding the pathogenicity, microbial activity, genetic predisposition, and clinical treatments to understand the severity of gastric atrophy and gastric cancer caused by H. pylori. Studies have suggested a relationship between H. pylori infection and malabsorption of essential micronutrients, and noted that H. pylori infection may affect the prevalence of malnutrition in some risk groups. On the other hand, dietary factors may play a considerably important role in H. pylori infection, and it has been reported that an adequate and balanced diet, especially high fruit and vegetable consumption and low processed salty food consumption, has a protective effect against the outcomes of H. pylori infection. The present review provides an overview of all aspects of H. pylori infection, such as clinical features, treatment, and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Öztekin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara 06490, Turkey; (M.Ö.); (B.Y.)
| | - Birsen Yılmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara 06490, Turkey; (M.Ö.); (B.Y.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Çukurova University, Sarıçam, Adana 01330, Turkey
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara 06490, Turkey; (M.Ö.); (B.Y.)
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Bálint L, Tiszai A, Kozák G, Dóczi I, Szekeres V, Inczefi O, Ollé G, Helle K, Róka R, Rosztóczy A. Epidemiologic characteristics of Helicobacter pylori infection in southeast Hungary. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:6365-6372. [PMID: 31754296 PMCID: PMC6861848 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i42.6365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have revealed a decrease in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Western Europe.
AIM To obtain data regarding the prevalence of H. pylori in Csongrád and Békés Counties in Hungary, evaluate the differences in its prevalence between urban and rural areas, and establish factors associated with positive seroprevalence.
METHODS One-thousand and one healthy blood donors [male/female: 501/500, mean age: 40 (19–65) years] were enrolled in this study. Subjects were tested for H. pylori IgG antibody positivity via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Subgroup analysis by age, gender, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and urban vs non-urban residence was also performed.
RESULTS The overall seropositivity of H. pylori was 32%. It was higher in males (34.93% vs 29.2%, P = 0.0521) and in rural areas (36.2% vs 27.94%, P = 0.0051). Agricultural/industrial workers were more likely to be positive for infection than office workers (38.35% vs 30.11%, P = 0.0095) and rural subjects in Békés County than those in Csongrád County (43.36% vs 33.33%, P = 0.0015).
CONCLUSION Although the prevalence of H. pylori infection decreased in recent decades in Southeast Hungary, it remains high in middle-aged rural populations. Generally accepted risk factors for H. pylori positivity appeared to be valid for the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenke Bálint
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Andrea Tiszai
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kozák
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Ilona Dóczi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6725, Hungary
| | | | - Orsolya Inczefi
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Georgina Ollé
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Helle
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Richárd Róka
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - András Rosztóczy
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
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Mössner J. The Indications, Applications, and Risks of Proton Pump Inhibitors. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 113:477-83. [PMID: 27476707 PMCID: PMC4973002 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are the most effective drugs for inhibiting gastric acid secretion. They have been in clinical use for more than 25 years, In 2014, 3.475 billion daily defined doses (DDD) of PPI were prescribed in Germany. This high number alone calls for a critical analysis of the spectrum of indications for PPI and their potential adverse effects. METHODS This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective search in the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases, with particular emphasis on randomized, prospective multicenter trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and meta-analyses. RESULTS The inhibition of gastric acid secretion with PPI is successfully used for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and of gastric and duodenal ulcers, for the secondary prevention of gastroduodenal lesions that have arisen under treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetylsalicylic acid, and for the prevention of recurrent hemorrhage from ulcers after successful endoscopic hemostasis. PPI are given along with practically all antibiotic regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. The number of prescriptions for PPI has risen linearly over the past 25 years. As there has been no broadening of indications, one may well ask whether the current, extensive use of PPI is justified. There is evidence that patients taking PPI are at greater risk for fractures. Moreover, the vitamin B12 level should be checked occasionally in all patients taking PPI. CONCLUSION PPI are among the more effective drugs for the treatment of diseases associated with gastric acid. In view of their cost and potential adverse effects, they should only be prescribed for scientifically validated indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Mössner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany: Mössner
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Redeen S, Petersson F, Kechagias S, Rehfeld J, Borch K. Gastroduodenal Changes Two Years After Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in a Population-Based Cohort. Gastroenterology Res 2015; 8:171-177. [PMID: 27785292 PMCID: PMC5051142 DOI: 10.14740/gr646w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main cause of chronic gastritis is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Some individuals with H. pylori-related chronic gastritis develop atrophy of the gastric mucosa, a risk factor for gastric neoplasia. When H. pylori-associated gastritis is encountered, it is important to be aware of its natural history and reversibility of associated histopathological and hormonal changes. Methods A sample of 501 volunteers from the general population in the municipality of Linkoping, Sweden, was examined with esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD) with biopsy. Blood samples were collected in the fasting state and the subjects answered a questionnaire concerning lifestyle factors, medications and disease history. At a primary follow-up examination, after 8 years, 314 participants were re-examined and those infected with H. pylori received eradication. Two years after successful eradication therapy, 82 participants attended re-examination with EGD and blood sampling, as in the previous examinations. Results In this prospective cohort study of a sample of volunteers from the general population, all of the 82 participants had chronic gastritis with at least one positive H. pylori test before eradication therapy. During follow-up, non-steroid-inflammatory-drug (NSAID) use had decreased significantly (P = 0.007, McNemar). The H. pylori serology was still positive in 79/82 subjects (P = 0.007, McNemar). The basal gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) concentrations both had decreased (P < 0.001 for both, Wilcoxon), whereas the P-somatostatin had increased (P < 0.001, Wilcoxon). Symptoms included in the self-administered symptom questionnaire concerned the last 3 months showed no big difference at all. The inflammation had decreased in both antrum (before 2/38/42/0 and after 60/22/0/0, P < 0.0001) and corpus (before 3/54/22/3 and after 58/23/1/0, P < 0.0001). Changes in the inflammatory activity had decreased significantly in both the antrum (P < 0.001) and the corpus (P < 0.001). Intestinal metaplasia was without changes. Regarding the duodenal bulb, the inflammation decreased. Conclusions Being aware of the natural history of chronic gastritis, even beyond eradication of H. pylori, is important because of the associations to gastric neoplasia and ulcer disease. The blood mirror of gastroduodenal parameters showed decreased values, except for somatostatin that increased and a symptomatology with no significant changes although, morphologically determined, both inflammation and atrophy had decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Redeen
- Department of Surgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, 58185 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Petersson
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, 119074 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stergios Kechagias
- Department of Surgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, 58185 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Jens Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kurt Borch
- Department of Surgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, 58185 Linkoping, Sweden
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[Aspirin desensitization: therapy options in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease]. HNO 2012; 60:369-83. [PMID: 22491884 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-011-2444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin desensitization has established itself as an additional therapy option in the treatment of aspirin- exacerbated respiratory disease, recurrent chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. Inpatient treatment is strongly recommended due to the risk of life-threatening side effects. In addition, the necessary requirements, indications and contraindications should be carefully considered from a medicolegal perspective. A maintenance dose of 300 (-500) mg ASS is currently recommended. Indications include persisting symptoms despite intensive medical care and/or recurrent nasal polyps, leading to recurrent sinus operations and/or the need to take systemic corticosteroids in order to control nasal symptoms or asthma. If ASS intake is interrupted for more than 48 h, aspirin desensitization should be resumed to prevent renewed intolerance reactions.
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Bonacorsi C, Raddi MSG, da Fonseca LM, Sannomiya M, Vilegas W. Effect of Byrsonima crassa and phenolic constituents on Helicobacter pylori-induced neutrophils oxidative burst. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 13:133-41. [PMID: 22312243 PMCID: PMC3269677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Byrsonima crassa Niedenzu (Malpighiaceae) is used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of diseases related mainly to gastric ulcers. In a previous study, our group described the gastric protective effect of the methanolic extract from the leaves of B. crassa. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of methanolic extract and its phenolic compounds on the respiratory burst of neutrophils stimulated by H. pylori using a luminol-based chemiluminescence assay as well as their anti-H. pylori activity. The suppressive activity on oxidative burst of H. pylori-stimulated neutrophils was in the order of methyl gallate > (+)-catechin > methanol extract > quercetin 3-O-α-l-arabinopyranoside > quercetin 3-O-β-d-galactopyranoside > amentoflavone. Methyl gallate, compound that induced the highest suppressive activity with IC50 value of 3.4 μg/mL, did not show anti-H. pylori activity. B. crassa could be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidant in gastric ulcers by attenuating the effects on the damage to gastric mucosa caused by neutrophil generated reactive oxygen species, even when H. pylori displays its evasion mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibele Bonacorsi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Maria Stella G. Raddi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.S.G.R.); (L.M.F); Tel.:+55-16-3301-5720; Fax: +55-16-3322-0073
| | - Luiz Marcos da Fonseca
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.S.G.R.); (L.M.F); Tel.:+55-16-3301-5720; Fax: +55-16-3322-0073
| | - Miriam Sannomiya
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, 14800-900, Brazil; E-Mail:
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Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â, Khayat AS, Silva A, Alencar DO, Lobato J, Luz L, Pinheiro DG, Varuzza L, Assumpção M, Assumpção P, Santos S, Zanette DL, Silva WA, Burbano R, Darnet S. Ultra-deep sequencing reveals the microRNA expression pattern of the human stomach. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13205. [PMID: 20949028 PMCID: PMC2951895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in tissue differentiation and in maintaining basal physiology, little is known about the miRNA expression levels in stomach tissue. Alterations in the miRNA profile can lead to cell deregulation, which can induce neoplasia. Methodology/Principal Findings A small RNA library of stomach tissue was sequenced using high-throughput SOLiD sequencing technology. We obtained 261,274 quality reads with perfect matches to the human miRnome, and 42% of known miRNAs were identified. Digital Gene Expression profiling (DGE) was performed based on read abundance and showed that fifteen miRNAs were highly expressed in gastric tissue. Subsequently, the expression of these miRNAs was validated in 10 healthy individuals by RT-PCR showed a significant correlation of 83.97% (P<0.05). Six miRNAs showed a low variable pattern of expression (miR-29b, miR-29c, miR-19b, miR-31, miR-148a, miR-451) and could be considered part of the expression pattern of the healthy gastric tissue. Conclusions/Significance This study aimed to validate normal miRNA profiles of human gastric tissue to establish a reference profile for healthy individuals. Determining the regulatory processes acting in the stomach will be important in the fight against gastric cancer, which is the second-leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.
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Jantsch J, Bogdan C. Correspondence (letter to the editor): Targeted second-line treatment. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2010; 107:492; author reply 492-3. [PMID: 20661417 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2010.0492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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