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Hasnaoui B, Bérenger JM, Delaunay P, Diarra AZ, Ndiaye EHI, M'madi SA, Masotti N, Sevestre J, Parola P. Survey of bed bug infestations in homeless shelters in southern France. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12557. [PMID: 37532686 PMCID: PMC10397270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bed bug has become a major public health pest worldwide. Infestation may result in numerous negative health effects. Homeless shelters are one of the most habitats that can be infested with bed bugs, a few studies have focused on bed bug infestations in these settings. We conducted a survey of infestations of bed bugs in a homeless shelter in southern France, using an innovative seven-level scale (0-6) to assess the degree of infestation, MALDI TOF-MS to identify bed bugs, and a biomolecular tool to detect bacteria. Bed bug infestations were documented in 13% (9/68) of investigated rooms. A total of 184 bed bugs were collected and morphologically identified as Cimex lectularius. MALDI TOF-MS analysis allowed us to obtain high-quality MS spectra for all 184 specimens, to correctly identify all specimens, and included 178/184 (97%) Log Score Values higher than 1.8. Among the bacteria tested, Wolbachia sp. DNA was found in 149/184 (81%) of the bed bugs, and one sample was positive for Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever. Our study is the first of its kind that offers new perspectives for increasing public awareness of the conditions in homeless shelters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouthaina Hasnaoui
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Michel Bérenger
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Delaunay
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Laboratory of Parasitology Mycology, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Adama Zan Diarra
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - El Hadji Ibrahima Ndiaye
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Saidou Ahamada M'madi
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Noelle Masotti
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Sevestre
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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Cho S, Shin EH, Ju HC, Jeong ES, Lee SH, Kim JH. The first recent case of Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) with super-kdr mutations in the Republic of Korea. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:822-827. [PMID: 37074230 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in international travel and trade, in conjunction with the development of insecticide resistance, infestations of Cimex lectularius (L.) and Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) have resurged globally in the last 2 decades. Recently, it was reported that C. hemipterus was also found in temperate regions, indicating the possibility of its expansion outside tropical regions. Cimex hemipterus has not been officially recorded in Korea since its initial description in 1934. Here, we report the first recent case of C. hemipterus in Korea based on morphological and molecular identification. Partial sequencing of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene revealed super-kdr mutations (M918I and L1014F) that are associated with pyrethroid resistance. This case report serves as a warning to intensify the bed bug surveillance system in Korea regarding the presence of C. hemipterus and to prepare effective alternative insecticides for pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - E-Hyun Shin
- Research Institute, Korea Pest Control Association, Seoul 08501, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Cheol Ju
- Research Institute, Korea Pest Control Association, Seoul 08501, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Seok Jeong
- Research Institute, Korea Pest Control Association, Seoul 08501, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hyeock Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyeon Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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3
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Hamlili FZ, Bérenger JM, Parola P. Cimicids of Medical and Veterinary Importance. INSECTS 2023; 14:392. [PMID: 37103207 PMCID: PMC10146278 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Cimicidae family are significant pests for mammals and birds, and they have attracted medical and veterinary interest. A number of recent studies have investigated bed bugs, due to their dramatic resurgence all over the world. Indeed, bed bugs are of significant public health and socioeconomic importance since they lead to financial burdens and dermatological complications and may have mental and psychological consequences. It is important to note that certain cimicids with a preference for specific hosts (birds and bats) use humans as an alternative host, and some cimicids have been reported to willingly feed on human blood. In addition, members of the Cimicidae family can lead to economic burdens and certain species are the vectors for pathogens responsible for diseases. Therefore, in this review, we aim to provide an update on the species within the Cimicidae family that have varying medical and veterinary impacts, including their distribution and their associated microorganisms. Various microbes have been documented in bed bugs and certain important pathogens have been experimentally documented to be passively transmitted by bed bugs, although no conclusive evidence has yet associated them with epidemiological outbreaks. Additionally, among the studied cimicids (bat bugs, chicken bugs, and swallow bugs), only the American swallow bug has been considered to be a vector of several arboviruses, although there is no proven evidence of transmission to humans or animals. Further studies are needed to elucidate the reason that certain species in the Cimicidae family cannot be biologically involved in transmission to humans or animals. Additional investigations are also required to better understand the roles of Cimicidae family members in the transmission of human pathogens in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zohra Hamlili
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19–21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Department of VITROME, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, SSA, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jean Michel Bérenger
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19–21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Department of VITROME, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, SSA, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19–21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Department of VITROME, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, SSA, 13005 Marseille, France
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Lee CY, Wang C, Su NY. Perspective on Biology and Management of Bed Bugs: Introduction. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:1-4. [PMID: 36226901 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bed bugs are an important group of medical and urban insect pests. They are obligate blood-feeders. Their bites may cause skin irritation and allergic reactions and, under some circumstances, may lead to mental and other health issues. Despite numerous discoveries on the biology of these obnoxious pests and progress in control strategies over the last two decades, bed bugs continue to preferentially plague those from low socioeconomic communities because the poor generally could not afford effective control options. As a result, such infestations in poorer communities serve as a reservoir for wider society. This Special Collection of the Perspective on Biology and Management of Bed Bugs presents nine original research papers on bed bug detection, insecticide performance and resistance, nonchemical treatment, fungal biopesticides, and pest management procurement and contracts. We hope that these investigative findings will spur research on safer, more affordable, and effective control options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chow-Yang Lee
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Changlu Wang
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Nan-Yao Su
- Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314, USA
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Doggett SL, Lee CY. Historical and Contemporary Control Options Against Bed Bugs, Cimex spp. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 68:169-190. [PMID: 36198396 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-015010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are an important group of obligate hematophagous urban insect pests. The global resurgence of bed bugs, involving the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., and the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.), over the past two decades is believed to be primarily due to the development of insecticide resistance, along with global travel and poor pest management, which have contributed to their spread. This review examines and synthesizes the literature on bed bug origins and their global spread and the literature on historical and contemporary control options. This includes bed bug prevention, detection and monitoring, nonchemical and chemical control methodologies (and their limitations), and potential future control options. Future research needs are highlighted, especially the factors behind the modern resurgence, the necessity of identifying differences between the two bed bug species relevant to control, and the need to improve insecticide test protocols and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Doggett
- Department of Medical Entomology, NSW Health Pathology-ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Chow-Yang Lee
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA;
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Deku G, Combey R, Doggett SL. Morphometrics of the Tropical Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) From Cape Coast, Ghana. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1534-1547. [PMID: 35703110 PMCID: PMC9473658 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Bed bugs, Cimex lectularius (L.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) and Cimex hemipterus (F.), have become established worldwide in recent years largely due to the development of insecticide resistance. However, limited attention has been given to ongoing morphological and macroevolutionary changes within the species and their populations, which could have implications for their control. Here, we evaluated whether bed bugs of the species C. hemipterus inhabiting different communities in Cape Coast, Ghana are undergoing segregation, which could lead to possible speciation. We also aimed to provide a morphometric description of all nymphal stages. Nine-bed bug populations of C. hemipterus were field-collected in Cape Coast and were subjected to geometric morphometric analysis. The multivariate parameters applied distinguished various populations from each of the locations, indicating the presence of morphologically distinct subpopulations of C. hemipterus. Shape-based segregation and shape changes associated with the insect pronotum (which is an important taxonomic character in the Cimicidae) were evident across the populations. Through this comparative study of C. hemipterus, we showed that possible subpopulations of this bed bug are being spread from Ghana. The nymphal stages (first-fifth) of C. hemipterus were distinguished by the length of the last three antennal segment and pronota width; such information contributes to the taxonomic knowledge of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin Deku
- Department of Conservation Biology and Entomology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Rofela Combey
- Department of Conservation Biology and Entomology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Stephen L Doggett
- Department of Medical Entomology, NSW Health Pathology-ICPMR, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Hamlili FZ, Bérenger JM, Diarra AZ, Parola P. Molecular and MALDI-TOF MS identification of swallow bugs Cimex hirundinis (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) and endosymbionts in France. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:587. [PMID: 34838119 PMCID: PMC8627032 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Cimicidae are obligatory blood-feeding ectoparasites of medical and veterinary importance. We aim in the current study to assess the ability of MALDI-TOF MS to identify Cimex hirundinis swallow bugs collected in house martin nests. Methods Swallow bugs were picked out from abandoned nests of house martin swallows and identified morphologically to the species level. The bugs were randomly selected, dissected and then subjected to MALDI-TOF MS and molecular analyses. Results A total of 65 adults and 50 nymphs were used in the attempt to determine whether this tool could identify the bug species and discriminate their developmental stages. Five adults and four nymphs of C. hirundinis specimens were molecularly identified to update our MS homemade arthropod database. BLAST analysis of COI gene sequences from these C. hirundinis revealed 98.66–99.12% identity with the corresponding sequences of C. hirundinis of the GenBank. The blind test against the database supplemented with MS reference spectra showed 100% (57/57) C. hirundinis adults and 100% (46/46) C. hirundinis nymphs were reliably identified and in agreement with morphological identification with logarithmic score values between 1.922 and 2.665. Ninety-nine percent of C. hirundinis specimens tested were positive for Wolbachia spp. The sequencing results revealed that they were identical to Wolbachia massiliensis, belonging to the new T-supergroup strain and previously isolated from C. hemipterus. Conclusions We report for the first time to our knowledge a case of human infestation by swallow bugs (C. hirundinis) in France. We also show the usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS in the rapid identification of C. hirundinis specimens and nymphs with minimal sample requirements. We phylogenetically characterized the novel Wolbachia strain (W. massiliensis) infecting C. hirundinis and compared it to other recognized Wolbachia clades. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-05073-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zohra Hamlili
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Michel Bérenger
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Adama Zan Diarra
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France. .,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.
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8
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Balvín O, Sasínková M, Martinů J, Nazarizadeh M, Bubová T, Booth W, Vargo EL, Štefka J. Early evidence of establishment of the tropical bedbug (Cimex hemipterus) in Central Europe. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 35:462-467. [PMID: 33948981 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the world has witnessed a remarkable resurgence of bedbugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). Although populations of the common bedbug, Cimex lectularius L., expanded in temperate regions of its original distribution, the tropical bedbug, C. hemipterus (F.), increased its abundance in warmer regions, where it also had been historically distributed. However, C. hemipterus has recently been observed to be expanding to other areas, e.g. North Australia, Middle East, the United States and Russia. In other parts of Europe, few sporadic and ephemeral introductions of C. hemipterus were recorded until recently. We conducted an extensive sampling of European bedbug populations starting in 2002 and found that C. hemipterus has recently become locally established. Among 566 examined infestations, nearly all of which involved C. lectularius, C. hemipterus occurred in six infestations collected since 2019. In at least three cases, the social background of inhabitants of the infested properties indicated that tropical bedbugs likely spread within local communities. Using cytochrome oxidase subunit I, we linked five of the infestations to the most common haplotype found globally, and one to an African haplotype. In all infestations, we observed two kdr-associated mutations in the sodium channel gene, which are also commonly found across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Balvín
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Sasínková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Martinů
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - M Nazarizadeh
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - T Bubová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Reference Laboratory for Vector Control, Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - W Booth
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, U.S.A
| | - E L Vargo
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, U.S.A
| | - J Štefka
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Chebbah D, Elissa N, Sereno D, Hamarsheh O, Marteau A, Jan J, Izri A, Akhoundi M. Bed Bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Population Diversity and First Record of Cimex hemipterus in Paris. INSECTS 2021; 12:578. [PMID: 34202079 PMCID: PMC8305325 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus are blood-sucking insects with a long history of presence in human communities. We investigated the molecular diversity of the bed bug population of Paris and its suburb cities using cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) sequencing. A total of 1211 specimens belonging to different life stages were collected from 62 infested human dwellings in Paris (13 out of 20 arrondissements) and the surrounding cities (18 cities). Morphological determination and COI sequencing of 132 specimens demonstrated C. lectularius as the predominant species and, surprisingly, the presence of C. hemipterus in four infested areas of Paris and its suburb cities. Neighbor-joining tree and network analyses depicted the presence of two C. lectularius populations. Most samples from Paris and its suburb cities clustered in a major clade. The second population encompasses specimens from Paris (arrondissements 11 and 19) and its suburb cities (e.g., Bobigny, Pantin, and Montreuil) that clustered with Hungary, Czechia, and Finland. This is the second evidence for C. hemipterus infestation in France and the third in Europe, which challenges the classic pattern of C. hemipterus dispersion and implies sympatric occurrence of C. lectularius and C. hemipterus. Since Paris is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world, our observations shed light on bed bugs' dispersal dynamic and may help future vector control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Chebbah
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, 93009 Bobigny, France; (D.C.); (A.M.); (A.I.)
- Service Parisien de Santé Environnementale, Sous-Direction de la Santé (SPSE), Mairie de Paris, 75019 Paris, France;
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Nohal Elissa
- Service Parisien de Santé Environnementale, Sous-Direction de la Santé (SPSE), Mairie de Paris, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Denis Sereno
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, MIVEGEC, 34032 Montpellier, France;
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, InterTryp, 34032 Montpellier, France
| | - Omar Hamarsheh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 51000, Palestine;
| | - Anthony Marteau
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, 93009 Bobigny, France; (D.C.); (A.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Julie Jan
- Agence Régionale de Santé (ARS) Île-de-France, 35, Rue de la Gare, CEDEX 19, 75935 Paris, France;
| | - Arezki Izri
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, 93009 Bobigny, France; (D.C.); (A.M.); (A.I.)
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Mohammad Akhoundi
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, 93009 Bobigny, France; (D.C.); (A.M.); (A.I.)
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Benkacimi L, Gazelle G, El Hamzaoui B, Bérenger JM, Parola P, Laroche M. MALDI-TOF MS identification of Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus bedbugs. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104536. [PMID: 32927120 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bedbugs (Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus) have reemerged as a major public health problem around the world. Their bites cause various skin lesions as well as discomfort and anxiety. Their role as potential vectors of various infectious agents is discussed. Accordingly, all suspected cases of bedbug infestations need to be documented thoroughly, with an unequivocal identification of the arthropods involved, if any are present. Although morphological identification is easily and quickly performed by entomologists or professionals, it can be challenging otherwise. Also, distinguishing Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus requires entomological expertise. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry has been recently presented as an additional tool for arthropod identification. In this study, we assess the use of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of laboratory and wild strains of C. lectularius and C. hemipterus. Several body parts of laboratory reared C. lectularius specimens were used to develop a MALDI-TOF MS protocol for bedbug identification, which was later validated using five other laboratory and wild populations of C. hemipterus and C. lectularius. A total of 167C. lectularius and C. hemipterus bedbug specimens (98 laboratory specimens and 69 wild specimens) were submitted to MALDI-TOF MS analysis. 143/167 (85.63%) provided high quality MS spectra. The in-lab database was then upgraded with a total of 20 reference spectra from all bedbug populations and the rest of the MS spectra (123 bedbugs) were blind tested. All specimens were properly identified to the species level using MALDI-TOF MS and 86,25% (69/80) were aptly identified according to their origin with LSVs ranging from 1.867 to 2.861. MALDI-TOF MS appears as a reliable additional tool for the identification of these two anthropophilic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Benkacimi
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Gladys Gazelle
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Basma El Hamzaoui
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Michel Bérenger
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Maureen Laroche
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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Lewis CD, Levine BA, Vargo EL, Schal C, Booth W. Recent Detection of Multiple Populations of the Tropical Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Exhibiting kdr-Associated Mutations in Hawaii. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1077-1081. [PMID: 32083299 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, bed bugs have experienced a remarkable resurgence on a near global scale. While reports have primarily focused on the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius (L.), which has resurged largely in temperate regions, in tropical regions the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), has reemerged as well. Recent reports of C. hemipterus introductions to subtropical and temperate regions, outside of the species natural distribution, suggest the potential for establishment and further spread. Establishment may be aided by insecticide resistance mechanisms, such as the presence of knockdown resistance (kdr)-associated mutations, which potentially confer resistance to pyrethroid, pyrethrin, and organochloride insecticides. Here, we present the first report of the detection and likely establishment of C. hemipterus in Honolulu, Hawaii, from samples collected in 2009 and 2019. Furthermore, through partial sequencing of the voltage-gated sodium channel, we report the presence of kdr-associated mutations in all samples. These findings have implications for the implementation of control strategies aimed at eradicating infestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari D Lewis
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK
| | - Brenna A Levine
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK
| | - Edward L Vargo
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Warren Booth
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK
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Akhoundi M, Sereno D, Durand R, Mirzaei A, Bruel C, Delaunay P, Marty P, Izri A. Bed Bugs (Hemiptera, Cimicidae): Overview of Classification, Evolution and Dispersion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4576. [PMID: 32630433 PMCID: PMC7345932 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The bed bugs (Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus) have undergone a significant resurgence worldwide since the 1990s. A compilation of findings from a database, including 2650 scientific publications from seven major medical databases, allowed us to document main evolutionary events, from fossil evidence, dating from 11,000 years ago, until the present that has led to the current worldwide expansion of Cimicid species. We present the hypotheses on the possible dispersion pathways of bed bugs in light of the major historical and evolutionary events. A detailed classification of the Cimicidae family and finally, an illustrative map displaying the current distribution of known Cimex species in each geographical ecozone of Asia, Europe, Africa, the Americas, and Australia are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Akhoundi
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France; (R.D.); (A.I.)
| | - Denis Sereno
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier University, MIVEGEC, 34032 Montpellier, France; (D.S.); (P.D.)
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier University, InterTryp, 34032 Montpellier, France
| | - Remy Durand
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France; (R.D.); (A.I.)
| | - Asad Mirzaei
- Parasitology Department, Paramedical School, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 6931851147 Ilam, Iran;
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 6931851147 Ilam, Iran
| | - Christiane Bruel
- Agence Régionale de Santé (ARS) Île-de-France, 75935 Paris 19, France;
| | - Pascal Delaunay
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier University, MIVEGEC, 34032 Montpellier, France; (D.S.); (P.D.)
- Service Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), 06202 Nice, France;
| | - Pierre Marty
- Service Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), 06202 Nice, France;
- Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, C3 M, Université Côte d’Azur, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Arezki Izri
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France; (R.D.); (A.I.)
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France
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13
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Masini P, Zampetti S, Miñón Llera G, Biancolini F, Moretta I, Romani R, Tramontana M, Hansel K, Stingeni L. Infestation by the tropical bedbug Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae): first report in Italy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:e28-e30. [PMID: 31419365 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Masini
- Cani Anti Cimici©, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - I Moretta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Romani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Tramontana
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - K Hansel
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Stingeni
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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