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Ivan IM, Olaru OT, Popovici V, Chițescu CL, Popescu L, Luță EA, Ilie EI, Brașoveanu LI, Hotnog CM, Nițulescu GM, Boscencu R, Gîrd CE. Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Properties of Berberis vulgaris (L.) Stem Bark Dry Extract. Molecules 2024; 29:2053. [PMID: 38731544 PMCID: PMC11085362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Berberis vulgaris (L.) has remarkable ethnopharmacological properties and is widely used in traditional medicine. The present study investigated B. vulgaris stem bark (Berberidis cortex) by extraction with 50% ethanol. The main secondary metabolites were quantified, resulting in a polyphenols content of 17.6780 ± 3.9320 mg Eq tannic acid/100 g extract, phenolic acids amount of 3.3886 ± 0.3481 mg Eq chlorogenic acid/100 g extract and 78.95 µg/g berberine. The dried hydro-ethanolic extract (BVE) was thoroughly analyzed using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) and HPLC, and 40 bioactive phenolic constituents were identified. Then, the antioxidant potential of BVE was evaluated using three methods. Our results could explain the protective effects of Berberidis cortex EC50FRAP = 0.1398 mg/mL, IC50ABTS = 0.0442 mg/mL, IC50DPPH = 0.2610 mg/mL compared to ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.0165 mg/mL). Next, the acute toxicity and teratogenicity of BVE and berberine-berberine sulfate hydrate (BS)-investigated on Daphnia sp. revealed significant BS toxicity after 24 h, while BVE revealed considerable toxicity after 48 h and induced embryonic developmental delays. Finally, the anticancer effects of BVE and BS were evaluated in different tumor cell lines after 24 and 48 h of treatments. The MTS assay evidenced dose- and time-dependent antiproliferative activity, which was higher for BS than BVE. The strongest diminution of tumor cell viability was recorded in the breast (MDA-MB-231), colon (LoVo) cancer, and OSCC (PE/CA-PJ49) cell lines after 48 h of exposure (IC50 < 100 µg/mL). However, no cytotoxicity was reported in the normal epithelial cells (HUVEC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HT-29) cell lines. Extensive data analysis supports our results, showing a significant correlation between the BVE concentration, phenolic compounds content, antioxidant activity, exposure time, and the viability rate of various normal cells and cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionuț Mădălin Ivan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.I.); (L.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.I.I.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Octavian Tudorel Olaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.I.); (L.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.I.I.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Violeta Popovici
- Center for Mountain Economics, “Costin C. Kiriţescu” National Institute of Economic Research (INCE-CEMONT), Romanian Academy, 725700 Vatra-Dornei, Romania
| | - Carmen Lidia Chițescu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galați, A.I. Cuza 35, 800010 Galați, Romania;
| | - Liliana Popescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.I.); (L.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.I.I.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Emanuela Alice Luță
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.I.); (L.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.I.I.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Elena Iuliana Ilie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.I.); (L.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.I.I.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Lorelei Irina Brașoveanu
- Center of Immunology, “Stefan S. Nicolau” Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 285 Mihai Bravu Ave., 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.I.B.); (C.M.H.)
| | - Camelia Mia Hotnog
- Center of Immunology, “Stefan S. Nicolau” Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 285 Mihai Bravu Ave., 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.I.B.); (C.M.H.)
| | - George Mihai Nițulescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.I.); (L.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.I.I.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Rica Boscencu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.I.); (L.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.I.I.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Cerasela Elena Gîrd
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.I.); (L.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.I.I.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
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Hernandez LM, Xu EG, Larsson HCE, Tahara R, Maisuria VB, Tufenkji N. Plastic Teabags Release Billions of Microparticles and Nanoparticles into Tea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12300-12310. [PMID: 31552738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing presence of micro- and nano-sized plastics in the environment and food chain is of growing concern. Although mindful consumers are promoting the reduction of single-use plastics, some manufacturers are creating new plastic packaging to replace traditional paper uses, such as plastic teabags. The objective of this study was to determine whether plastic teabags could release microplastics and/or nanoplastics during a typical steeping process. We show that steeping a single plastic teabag at brewing temperature (95 °C) releases approximately 11.6 billion microplastics and 3.1 billion nanoplastics into a single cup of the beverage. The composition of the released particles is matched to the original teabags (nylon and polyethylene terephthalate) using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The levels of nylon and polyethylene terephthalate particles released from the teabag packaging are several orders of magnitude higher than plastic loads previously reported in other foods. An initial acute invertebrate toxicity assessment shows that exposure to only the particles released from the teabags caused dose-dependent behavioral and developmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Hernandez
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0C5 , Canada
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0C5 , Canada
| | - Hans C E Larsson
- Redpath Museum , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0C4 , Canada
| | - Rui Tahara
- Redpath Museum , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0C4 , Canada
| | - Vimal B Maisuria
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0C5 , Canada
| | - Nathalie Tufenkji
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0C5 , Canada
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Rocha R, Gonçalves F, Marques C, Nunes B. Environmental effects of anticholinesterasic therapeutic drugs on a crustacean species, Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:4418-4429. [PMID: 24327113 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical drugs in the environment is an important field of toxicology, since such residues can cause deleterious effects on exposed biota. This study assessed the ecotoxicological acute and chronic effects of two anticholinesterasic drugs, neostigmine and pyridostigmine in Daphnia magna. Our study calculated 48 h-EC50 values for the immobilization assay of 167.7 μg L(-1) for neostigmine and 91.3 μg L(-1) for pyridostigmine. In terms of feeding behavior, we calculated a 5 h-EC50 for filtration rates of 7.1 and 0.2 μg L(-1) for neostigmine and pyridostigmine, respectively; for the ingestion rates, the calculated EC50 values were, respectively, 7.5 and 0.2 μg L(-1) for neostigmine and pyridostigmine. In the reproduction assay, the most affected parameter was the somatic growth rate (LOECs of 21.0 and 2.9 μg L(-1) for neostigmine and pyridostigmine, respectively), followed by the fecundity (LOECs of 41.9 and 11.4 μg L(-1) for neostigmine and pyridostigmine, respectively). We also determined a 48 h-IC50 for cholinesterase activity of 1.7 and 4.5 μg L(-1) for neostigmine and pyridostigmine, respectively. These results demonstrated that both compounds are potentially toxic for D. magna at concentrations in the order of the μg L(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rocha
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Abstract
The substitution of insects for laboratory animals in toxicity testing is likely to become a reality in the framework of prescreening. Haematotoxicological studies of newly developed chemicals, such as food components, drugs, etc. performed on insects can offer advantages in, for example, environmental toxicology. Reliable routine predictions should produce an increase in our knowledge of haemocyte physiology. Although the differences between human physiology and morphology and those of insects are great, the basic functions of insect haemocytes and mammalian leukocytes appear not to have changed during evolution. The use of insects in haematotoxicity assays represents a preclinical testing strategy which will lower costs, accelerate screening and offer ethical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Berger
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, University of South Bohemia, 37005 Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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Vesela S, Kuca K, Jun D. Efficacy and dosing of antidotes applied to Daphnia intoxicated by nerve agent tabun. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 26:283-289. [PMID: 21791376 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 05/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new assay with Daphnia, which can be used as a time, cost, and human effort-saving tool in the development of effective antidotes against organophosphate intoxications, is presented. Five concentrations of atropine (antimuscarinic anticholinergics) as well as a reactivator (trimedoxime) were tested to define the optimal dosage. Various reactivators (trimedoxime, obidoxime) were used to examine difference in effectivity of treatments. The most effective dose of trimedoxime corresponded to the 75% of its EC(50)(24) value, i.e. 77.85mgl(-1). The most effective dose of atropine corresponded to the 25% of its EC(50)(24) value, i.e. 104.70mgl(-1). The most effective treatment was a combined atropine-obidoxime treatment, followed by the combined atropine-trimedoxime treatment, the atropine only and the obidoxime only treatments. The efficacy of the trimedoxime only treatment was doubtful. The surprisingly high efficacy of obidoxime in the obidoxime only treatment indicates that some oximes might act in daphnids not just as reactivators but also by some other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Vesela
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Vesela S, Kuca K, Jun D. Daphnia intoxicated by nerve agent tabun can be treated using human antidotes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 25:329-333. [PMID: 21783870 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 11/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Application of human antidotes against nerve agent intoxications to microcrustacean Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) intoxicated by a nerve agent tabun (O-ethyl-N,N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate) and their efficacy was investigated. It was found that antidotes can be successfully applied to intoxicated daphnids. Three different treatment regimens were tested: the combination of atropine and acetylcholinesterase reactivator (trimedoxime was chosen), atropine only and trimedoxime alone, too. The most efficient was the combination of atropine and trimedoxime followed by treatment with atropine only. The proportion of recovered animals increased with time not only in treated groups but also in the control as well. This can be explained by a spontaneous reactivation of tabun-inhibited cholinesterase in daphnids probably indicating a difference between mammalian and crustacean cholinesterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Vesela
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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