1
|
McCall JL, Blair HC, Blethen KE, Hall C, Elliott M, Barnett JB. Prenatal cadmium exposure does not induce greater incidence or earlier onset of autoimmunity in the offspring. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249442. [PMID: 34478449 PMCID: PMC8415597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that exposure of adult mice to environmental levels of cadmium (Cd) alters immune cell development and function with increases in anti-streptococcal antibody levels, as well as decreases in splenic natural regulatory T cells (nTreg) in the adult female offspring. Based on these data, we hypothesized that prenatal Cd exposure could predispose an individual to developing autoimmunity as adults. To test this hypothesis, the effects of prenatal Cd on the development of autoimmune diabetes and arthritis were investigated. Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were exposed to Cd in a manner identical to our previous studies, and the onset of diabetes was assessed in the offspring. Our results showed a similar time-to-onset and severity of disease to historical data, and there were no statistical differences between Cd-exposed and control offspring. Numerous other immune parameters were measured and none of these parameters showed biologically-relevant differences between Cd-exposed and control animals. To test whether prenatal Cd-exposure affected development of autoimmune arthritis, we used SKG mice. While the levels of arthritis were similar between Cd-exposed and control offspring of both sexes, the pathology of arthritis determined by micro-computed tomography (μCT) between Cd-exposed and control animals, showed some statistically different values, especially in the female offspring. However, the differences were small and thus, the biological significance of these changes is open to speculation. Overall, based on the results from two autoimmune models, we conclude that prenatal exposure to Cd did not lead to a measurable propensity to develop autoimmune disease later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. McCall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Harry C. Blair
- Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, the and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Kathryn E. Blethen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Casey Hall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Meenal Elliott
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - John B. Barnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Al-Ghafari A, Elmorsy E, Fikry E, Alrowaili M, Carter WG. The heavy metals lead and cadmium are cytotoxic to human bone osteoblasts via induction of redox stress. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225341. [PMID: 31756223 PMCID: PMC6874340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The heavy metals (HMs) lead and cadmium are persistent environmental pollutants capable of inducing ill-health in exposed individuals. One of the primary sites of accumulation and potential damage from HMs is bone, and we therefore examined the acute effects of lead and cadmium on human bone osteoblasts in vitro over a concentration range of 0.1 μM to 1mM, and for 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hour exposures. Incubation of osteoblasts with either lead or cadmium reduced cell viability in a concentrations and exposure durations dependent manner, as measured using MTT and LDH assays. Cytotoxicity was significant from 0.1 μM concentrations after 48 hour exposures. Both HMs damaged cellular bioenergetics with reductions of ATP production, mitochondrial complex activities, and aerobic respiration. There was a concomitant elevation of reactive oxygen species, with induction of redox stress measured as increased lipid peroxidation, and depleted cellular redox defense systems via reduced superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and cellular glutathione levels. Both HMs induced nuclear activation of Nrf2, presumably to increase transcription of antioxidant responsive genes to combat oxidative stress. Incubation of osteoblasts with HMs also compromised the secretion of procollagen type 1, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase. Pre-incubation of osteoblasts with reduced glutathione prior to challenge with HMs lessened the cytotoxicity of the HMs, indicative that antioxidants may be a beneficial treatment adjunct in cases of acute lead or cadmium poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Al-Ghafari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekramy Elmorsy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar; Saudi Arabia.,School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Emad Fikry
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Majed Alrowaili
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wayne G Carter
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He T, Shen H, Zhu J, Zhu Y, He Y, Li Z, Lu H. Geniposide attenuates cadmium‑induced oxidative stress injury via Nrf2 signaling in osteoblasts. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1499-1508. [PMID: 31257486 PMCID: PMC6625402 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Geniposide, as a type of iridoid glycoside, has antioxidative capacity. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of geniposide in cadmium (Cd)-induced osteoblast injury remains only partly elucidated. In the present study, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to determine MC-3T3-E1 cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to determine the rate of apoptosis and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress-related factors were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent method (ELISA). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting were used to evaluate apoptosis- and bone formation-related genes and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) signaling. It was demonstrated that geniposide increased the viability of the Cd-treated MC-3T3-E1 cells. Geniposide decreased apoptosis and ROS accumulation compared to these parameters in the Cd group. Geniposide attenuated oxidative stress-related factors, malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase and increased antioxidant key enzyme superoxidase dismutase (SOD). The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and survivin were modulated by geniposide. Additionally, the mRNA and protein expression of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osterix were significantly increased, while osteoprotegerin was decreased by geniposide treatment compared to the Cd groups. Geniposide also enhanced Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) expression. The present study identified a potential agent for the treatment of Cd-induced osteoblast injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfeng He
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Huasong Shen
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Jinke Zhu
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Yan He
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Huanxing Lu
- Spine Department, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Papa V, Bimonte VM, Wannenes F, D'Abusco AS, Fittipaldi S, Scandurra R, Politi L, Crescioli C, Lenzi A, Di Luigi L, Migliaccio S. The endocrine disruptor cadmium alters human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells homeostasis in vitro by alteration of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and activation of caspases. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:1345-56. [PMID: 26335301 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pollutant Cadmium (Cd) is widespread in the environment and causes alterations of human health by acting as an endocrine disruptor. Bone tissue seems to be a crucial target of Cd contamination. Indeed, we have previously demonstrated that this endocrine disruptor induces osteoblast apoptosis and necrosis. Thus, aim of this study was to further evaluate the effect of Cd on osteoblasts homeostasis, investigating potential modification of the Wnt/β-catenin intracellular pathway, the intracellular process involved in programmed cellular death and the cytoskeletal alterations. MATERIAL AND METHODS To this purpose, human osteoblastic Saos-2 cells, a human osteosarcoma osteoblast-like cell line, were cultured and treated with Cd. RESULTS Osteoblastic cells were treated for 6 h with 10μM Cd, which induced nuclear translocation of β-catenin and increased expression of Wnt/β-catenin target genes. Longer exposure to the same Cd concentration induced osteoblastic cell apoptosis. To better characterize the intracellular events involved in these Cd-induced alterations, we evaluated the effect of Cd exposure on actin filaments and proteins associated to cytoskeletal actin, characterized by the presence of LIM domains. Long (15, 24 h) exposure of osteoblasts to Cd reduced LIM proteins expression and induced actin filaments destruction and a significant caspase-3 activation after 24 h. In addition, to prove that Cd induces osteoblastic cells apoptosis after long exposure, we performed TUNEL assay which demonstrated increase of cell apoptosis after 24 h. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study shows that osteoblasts exposed to Cd for short intervals of time demonstrated an increase in cell proliferation through a Wnt/β-catenin dependent mechanism, likely as a compensatory mechanism in response to cell injury. Longer exposure to the same Cd concentration induced cells apoptosis through cytoskeleton disruption-mediated mechanisms and caspase activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Papa
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, "Foro Italico" University of Rome, Largo Lauro De Bosis 15, 00195, Rome, Italy
- LiSa Laboratory, Policlinico di Catania, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - V M Bimonte
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, "Foro Italico" University of Rome, Largo Lauro De Bosis 15, 00195, Rome, Italy
- LiSa Laboratory, Policlinico di Catania, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - F Wannenes
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, "Foro Italico" University of Rome, Largo Lauro De Bosis 15, 00195, Rome, Italy
- LiSa Laboratory, Policlinico di Catania, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A S D'Abusco
- Department of Biochemistry, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Fittipaldi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, "Foro Italico" University of Rome, Largo Lauro De Bosis 15, 00195, Rome, Italy
- LiSa Laboratory, Policlinico di Catania, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - R Scandurra
- Department of Biochemistry, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L Politi
- Department of Biochemistry, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Crescioli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, "Foro Italico" University of Rome, Largo Lauro De Bosis 15, 00195, Rome, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L Di Luigi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, "Foro Italico" University of Rome, Largo Lauro De Bosis 15, 00195, Rome, Italy
| | - S Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, "Foro Italico" University of Rome, Largo Lauro De Bosis 15, 00195, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao H, Liu W, Wang Y, Dai N, Gu J, Yuan Y, Liu X, Bian J, Liu ZP. Cadmium induces apoptosis in primary rat osteoblasts through caspase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Vet Sci 2015; 16:297-306. [PMID: 26425111 PMCID: PMC4588015 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.3.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd) induces apoptosis in osteoblasts (OBs); however, little information is available regarding the specific mechanisms of Cd-induced primary rat OB apoptosis. In this study, Cd reduced cell viability, damaged cell membranes and induced apoptosis in OBs. We observed decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potentials, ultrastructure collapse, enhanced caspase-3 activity, and increased concentrations of cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 following Cd treatment. Cd also increased the phosphorylation of p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in OBs. Pretreatment with the caspase inhibitor, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone, ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126), p38 inhibitor (SB203580) and JNK inhibitor (SP600125) abrogated Cd-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, Cd-treated OBs exhibited signs of oxidative stress protection, including increased antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase levels and decreased formation of reactive oxygen species. Taken together, the results of our study clarified that Cd has direct cytotoxic effects on OBs, which are mediated by caspase- and MAPK pathways in Cd-induced apoptosis of OBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Nannan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zong-Ping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ben P, Zhang Z, Xuan C, Sun S, Shen L, Gao Y, Cao X, Zhou Y, Lan L, Yin Z, Luo L. Protective Effect of L-Theanine on Cadmium-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells by Inhibiting the Mitochondria-Mediated Pathway. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1661-70. [PMID: 26164708 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
L-Theanine is an amino acid derivative from green tea. The present work was aimed at the effect of L-theanine on neuron-like rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells stimulated with cadmium chloride. Treatment with L-theanine before cadmium exposure increased cell viability; the experiments of Annexin V/PI staining indicated that L-theanine inhibited cadmium-induced cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, L-theanine decreased ROS production and protected from cadmium-induced disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Compared with cadmium-treated cells, L-theanine could also decrease the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, as well as the level of cleaved caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Furthermore, L-theanine depresses cadmium-induced up regulation of phosphorylations of PI3K/Akt, MAPK ERK1/2, and JNK signaling. These data suggest that L-theanine pretreatment reduces severity of cadmium toxicity probably via antioxidant action. Therefore, it may be concluded that L-theanine could be exploited for prevention of cadmium-induced diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiling Ben
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Duranova H, Martiniakova M, Omelka R, Grosskopf B, Bobonova I, Toman R. Changes in compact bone microstructure of rats subchronically exposed to cadmium. Acta Vet Scand 2014; 56:64. [PMID: 25279860 PMCID: PMC4189194 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-014-0064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd), even at low concentrations, has an adverse impact on the skeletal system. Histologically, primary and secondary osteons as basic structural elements of compact bone can also be affected by several toxicants leading to changes in bone vascularization and mechanical properties of the bone. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of subchronic peroral exposure to Cd on femoral bone structure including histomorphometry of the osteons in adult male rats. In our study, 20 one-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two experimental groups. In the first group, young males received a drinking water containing 30 mg of CdCl2/L, for 90 days. Ten one-month-old males without Cd intoxication served as a control group. After 90 days of daily peroral exposure, body weight, femoral weight, femoral length, cortical bone thickness and histological structure of the femora were analysed. Results We found that subchronic peroral application of Cd had no significant effect on body weight, femoral length and cortical bone thickness in adult rats. On the other hand, femoral weight was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in Cd-intoxicated rats. These rats also displayed different microstructure in the middle part of the compact bone where vascular canals expanded into central area of substantia compacta and supplied primary and secondary osteons. Additionally, a few resorption lacunae which are connected with an early stage of osteoporosis were identified in these individuals. Histomorphometrical evaluations showed that all variables (area, perimeter, maximum and minimum diameter) of the primary osteons’ vascular canals, Haversian canals and secondary osteons were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the Cd group rats. This fact points to alterations in bone vascularization. Conclusions Subchronic peroral exposure to Cd significantly influences femoral weight and histological structure of compact bone in adult male rats. It induces an early stage of osteoporosis and causes reduced bone vascularization. Histomorphometrical changes of primary and secondary osteons allow for the conclusion that the bone mechanical properties could be weakened in the Cd group rats. The current study significantly expands the knowledge on damaging action of Cd on the bone.
Collapse
|